Correlation Analysis of Dispersion Postal Service Offices with an Emphasis on Identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

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1 Correlation Analysis of Dispersion Postal Service Offices with an Emphasis on Identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Seyed Ali Hosseini 1, Noosha Hamghadam 2, Osman Hosseini 3, Ebrahim Zahmatkesh 4, Shiva Delbari 5 1 Department of Geography. Payame Noor University, Po Box , Tehran. Iran 2 Masters Student, Payame Noor University, Po Box , Tehran. Iran 3 Masters Student, Payame Noor University, Po Box , Tehran. Iran 4 Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Po Box , Tehran. Iran 5 Master of Social Security Organization, Guilan. Iran Abstract Todays lack of correct and suitable civic service spatial distribution will result in many problems that could refer social injustice, suitable unavailability, traffic increasing and so different pollutions. This study aim and subject is civic service spatial distribution analysis that has concerned on postal service offices. On the basis of collected information postal service offices number, how distribution and availability radius are not proportional to Rasht (Iran) citizens need supplying. Comparing current and desirable capitation of post offices and used Pearson correlation test to analyze and test research hypothesis and determine meaningful relationship rate between city environment organization and postal service offices distribution and we concluded that there is not a meaningful relationship between city environment organization and post offices distribution. Also in this research conducted priority processing post offices weaknesses and strengthens threats and opportunities by using SWOT table. Keywords: Spatial Distribution, Post Offices, Rasht, City Environment Organization. 1. Introduction The nature and structure of the entities providing postal services in most developing countries, including Iran is inefficient, worn and often bad. Current performance of the postal service does not have adequate quality and the only subsidies and state aid supports the company to serve society, however, post is as a service institution that has direct impact on social welfare, economic development and promotion of community culture (Achak, Masoomzadeh, 2008:29). Generally earth and space are considered a public resource of life and public wealth and the public good that use of it should be supervised and managed more in line with public interests, now and in future and it is responsible for planning of land use that spatial organizing and spatial and urban activities and functions is on the agenda based on the demands and needs of the urban population (yousefi, 2001:1). In the planning should be considered indicators of economic, environmental and social health of cities and this can only be achieved by combining several cases in different scale (Mukomo, 1996:265). During recent decades, the rapid increase in urban population in the world, has led to numerous problems that can be noted heterogeneity and imbalance in the distribution of services in cities, increasing traffic, pollution diverse, and high population density. So choose the exact location of urban service offices will be caused psychological security and improve the welfare of city residents and the necessary field to achieve sustainable development in urban, that is one of the criteria of equitable access to urban services, will be provided. Actually aim of this study is to identify the current status of the postal service, exploring the possibilities and limits city in the field of postal service, to organize postal service offices, assess the current distribution of postal offices, to determine deprived areas of post offices. Research of Dr Parhizkar in thesis of PHD with title providing a good model of localization urban services centers urban by studying in models and GIS, found that a good model of localization urban services centers urban is combined use of mathematical models of distances and urban GIS capabilities and functionality (Parhizkar, 1997). Dehghani & Kozazi in article with title optimum model of postal service quality evaluation in Islamic Republic of Iran conducted that there is significant relationship between postal service quality gap perceived by customers and quality gap of postal service delivery with customer satisfaction (Dehghani & Kozazi,2003). Weant in the field of location of urban service centers performed research about new needs of some America's cities to parking (Weant, 1987). Eldin and Aldrandaly, to determine the optimal location in order a specific facility provided a new system where the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is an integrated by geographic information system (Eldin and Aldrandaly, 2004). In other research by Gutierrez, Vazquez, Vaughan Edwards examined service quality, people satisfaction and credibility of local government (Gutierrez & et al, 2009). COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1102

2 2. Hypothesis There isn t significant relationship between City spatial organization and distribution of postal service. 3. Theoretical Framework of Research 3.1. Spatial Distribution and Spatial Structure place has three dimensions that can also include the fourth dimension of time, therefore, all uses of urban have spatial organization and spatial distribution, spatial dispersion affected by economic conditions, political, and ideological system and links of these factors are influenced the social functions (Askarkhani,2011). Urban spatial structure shows discipline and the relationship between the structural elements and their land uses in different areas of the city. This structure formed from resultant of influential forces over time in place (Bahreini, 1998:131). Spatial structure is product of spatial process that in it, place will organize by the processes of social, economic and natural. This organizing is influenced from location of internal elements by place distribution. Location of the any portion of any of the other parts and location of each part to all parts form organizing together (Shokhouei, 2007) Spatial Justice Some individuals have defined spatial justice as same distribution of services based on the needs, tastes, and preferences of residents and standards of service (Liao, 2009:138). The concept of justice is noteworthy from different aspects and concepts such as social justice, spatial justice, geographical justice and environment justice is also affected by the multidimensional nature of this concept, but it is important that basically, any change in spatial organization in economic and social relationships and income distribution of in society has direct impact and of course, use a different mechanism and planning can be play conflicting influence in establishing whether or not enforcing justice (Marsoomi,2004:91). The aim of spatial justice is equitable distribution of basic necessities, resources, facilities and urban services in neighborhoods and among different regions of the city, so that any neighborhood or region compared to region or other neighborhood don t have superiority place (Harvey, 1996:106) Model of Localization Allocation Model of localization - allocation could determine locations for service centers. According to the available information is often full of mistakes, determine this applications of location allocation, it leads to an optimal location or not would be difficult (Joseph, 1996:121) Criteria for Location Selection Select a suitable location for an activity in the city is one of the basic decisions for wide project that needs to research in spatial from a different perspective. Since localization needs much actual information, large amounts of data to introduce various locations should be collect, combine and analysis because accurate assessment of the factors that may influence on choice should be made. So on scale of the city, location selection is activity (Karimi, 2006). In localization is an effort to relate various parameters each other (Zhao, 2010:246). The two components of distance and time are the most important components of user localization. Type of access is measured by distance and time. These two factors are considered a measure of comfort (Ziari, 2009:22) Compatibility Compatibility means coordination and consistency (UNESCO, 1996:44). One of the main objectives of urban land use planning is appropriate localization of user and separation of incompatible users from each other. For example trying to user to produce pollutants such as smoke, smell and voice establish away from residential areas, socio-cultural. In contrast, activities that are complementary together allocation and server user are characterized by the juxtaposition of preference. For example, in rules related to residential users (open space, spend their leisure time and recreational User such as parks), both physical and psychological education have in order of priority the juxtaposition (Pourmohammadi, 2003:93) Establishment Conditions of Post Offices Postal services offices are dependent on Government Administration. The functional radius of Postal service offices post offices other than be 500 m and for every street there are at least 2 office. Post units being able to perform their duties and provide postal services require special equipment and supplies. Each unit prepared has a building or physical space primarily that it building depend on special regulations and administrative spaces architecture but what is important to prepare a unit of COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1103

3 building is required optimum design of space for operator comfort and easy handling, fast shipping, and often involved. Establishment conditions of post offices are as follows: 1 - Licenses assigned to these offices is valid for 3 years and is extendable 2 - All post offices should have spatial in urban areas equal to at least 50 m and in rural areas of 20 square meters to provide services and preferably be in ground or first floor. 3 - Exterior design and layout of the office of administrative and technical equipment following must be observed: - Supply and installation of panel with color, logo and certain written according to sample provided by the steering committee of post office counter. - Sufficient spatial must be allocated to applicants. - Facilities for providing services to veterans, the disabled and the elderly should be provided. - Provide sanitary facilities for staff. - At the top of the counter, venue for the visual and written signs to inform customers are anticipated. - Tariff panel to be installed to view the applicant as during a stop in front of the counter is easily readable. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1104

4 Problem statement Spatial distribution of post service offices Theoretical notions Hypothesis: There isn t significant relationship between City spatial organization and distribution of post Service. Model of Localization Allocation spatial distribution and structure Compatibility Criteria for location selection Comfort Distance Utility Time Descriptive - analytical Library and field Method of research Collecting information Data collection Identify and assess the factors influencing the spatial distribution of post services Definition of information layers - Network of communication - Cultural Centers -Residential areas - radius of access - Bus routes Correcting and editing data Data analysis Data analysis by using Pearson and chi-square test Conclusions - How to public access - Installations and equipment of urban Testing hypotheses Conclusions and recommendations Figure 1 - The process of research in spatial distribution of postal service Offices COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1105

5 4. Data and Methodology of Research 4.1. Scope of Research Area of Guilan province in northern Iran is over 14 thousand square kilometers. This province is located at 36 degrees and 33 minutes to 38 degrees and 27 minutes north latitude and 48 degrees 32 minutes 50 degrees and 36 minutes east from prime meridian (Consulting engineers and exploring, City Comprehensive Plan,2007). The city of Rasht has one floor textures that extended constantly - radially in different course and proportional to physical development and rising populations increased levels of physical and in terms of access of need for citizens to city services has made difficult that the power and strength of city have made weak to increase and the density in it. Lack of an appropriate localization of postal service offices in the city has increased traffic, wasted time and energy that can be reasons such as not addressing the issues localization in urban design, downplaying how public access to municipal services and the lack of written laws in design and planning country. Map 1 - Geographical location map of the studied area in Guilan province and the country 4.2. Materials and Methods Research method is descriptive - analytical. In this study is used two different methods of field and library for data collection, that in Library research to gather information on demographic, economic, social, historical, and... about Rasht city is used the book -, journals, periodicals, theses, statistics, and statistical yearbook and resources available at the post organization, municipality and other agencies concerned with urban affairs and in field studies to identify current situation of postal service offices is used techniques of observation and interviews with experts associated with and people the city. Statistical population of this study were selected all of neighborhoods in the city of Rasht (92 neighborhoods) and by using cluster sampling, finally sample size was obtained 400 people. In order to analyze and determine the level of significant relationship between place organization and distribution of postal service offices of city was used Pearson and chi-square test. To do this study was obtained first distribution map of postal service offices from the post organization and it became as digital in GIS and the number of offices in each region determine and have examined their distance together and also by using SWOT model discussed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these offices and the opportunities and threats. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1106

6 5. Research Findings The city of Rasht has 77 offices. Region 1 of municipality has 17 offices, region 2 with 32 offices and region 3 with 28 offices (tables of 1 and 2). Review how distribution of post office based on distribution map of post offices in Rasht show that deployment and distribution of offices are in the city center. Table 1: Characteristics of the population and the area of the three regions of Rasht (2011) Rasht region Population area Region Region Region Table 2: Distribution of post offices in regions of Rasht Rasht region Number of Offices Percentage Region Region /6 Region / Placement post offices towards each other Based on studies (Map 2) according to radius of 500 meters of post offices, placement post offices in three regions of the city are as follows. Map 2 shows that most offices particularly concentrated in city center in term of spatial distribution are not suitable 500m is not been observed in their distribution. Map 2: Area covered by Postal service offices Map 3: The range of with and without postal service offices COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1107

7 5.2. City Spatial Organization and Distribution of Postal Service Offices (Pearson Test) Table 3 - The relationship between population and the number of post offices in Rasht Correlations Population Number of Offices Population Number of Offices Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed).890 N 3 3 Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed).890 N 3 3 Rasht has a population of 625,500 thousand people that region 1 has 204,024 thousand people, region 2 238,691 thousand people and region 3 has 182,785 thousand people. 77 post offices are distributed in the city of Rasht that 17 offices in region 1, 32 offices in region 2, and 28 offices are distributed in region 3. According to table 3 that by using Pearson correlation coefficient analyze the relationship between the population and the offices, there isn t significant relationship between the population and the offices in three region of Rasht city. Table 4 - Relationship between regions and number of available post offices Correlations Region Number of Offices Pearson Correlation Region Sig. (2-tailed).136 N 3 3 Pearson Number Correlation of Sig. (2-tailed).136 Offices N 3 3 Rasht city has 3 region and 77 offices is distributed in this regions that according to table 4, there isn t significant relationship between area and number of post offices. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1108

8 Table 5 - Relationship between area of neighborhood and the number of post offices in Region Correlations Area Neighborhoods Pearson Correlation * Area Sig. (2-tailed).014 N 8 8 Pearson Correlation.813 * 1 Neighborhoods Sig. (2-tailed).014 N 8 8 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Region 1 Rasht city has 3136 (hectares) Area and 17 posts office. According to table 5, there is a significant relationship between the area of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 1 at 0/05 level. Table 6 - Relationship between area of neighborhood and the number of post offices in Region 2 Correlations Area Neighborhoods Pearson Correlation ** Area Sig. (2-tailed).000 N Pearson Correlation.813 ** 1 Neighborhoods Sig. (2-tailed).000 N **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Region 2 Rasht city has 5418 (hectares) area and 32 posts office. According to table 6, there is a significant relationship between the area of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 2 at 0/01 level. Table 7 - Relationship between area of neighborhood and the number of post offices in Region 3 Correlations Area Neighborhoods Pearson Correlation Area Sig. (2-tailed).189 N Pearson Correlation Neighborhoods Sig. (2-tailed).189 N Region 3 Rasht city has 2017 (hectares) Area and 28 posts office. According to Table 7, there isn t a significant relationship between the area of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region City Spatial Organization and Distribution of Postal Service Offices (Chi-Square Test) Bivariate nonparametric chi-square test is one of famous test in SPSS software that is calculated the significant relationship between quantitative variables or (quantitative and qualitative). Here, by using cross tab table examine a significant amount for variables of area, regions, population with number of post offices in Rasht city.thus if value of Asymp.Sig (2-Sided) be lower than 0.05 as result there is significant relationship between two variables. Table 8 - Relationship between the population and the number of post offices in city of Rasht Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) 0/ /890 As can be observed in table 8 Chi-square test, Asymp.Sig. 2- Sided (0/89) with df 3 is more than 0/05 that it is show lack of relationship between population and the number of post offices. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1109

9 Table 9 - Relationship between regions and the number of post offices in city of Rasht Value df Asymp. Sig. (2- sided) 0/ /136 As can be observed in Table 9 Chi-square test, Asymp.Sig. 2- Sided (0/136) with df 3 is more than 0/05 that it is show lack of relationship between regions and the number of post offices. Table10 - Relationship between area and the number of post offices in region 1 Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) 0/ /014 As can be observed in table 10 Chi-square test, Asymp.Sig. 2- Sided (0/014) with df 8 is equal to 0/05 that it is show Lack of relationship between area and the number of post offices in region 1. Table11 - Relationship between areas of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 2 Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) 0/ /01 As can be observed in table 11 Chi-square test, Asymp.Sig. 2- Sided (0/613) with df 17 is equal to 0/01 that it is show lack of relationship between areas of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 2. Table12 - Relationship between areas of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 3 Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) 0/ /189 As can be observed in Table 12 Chi-square test, Asymp.Sig. 2- Sided (0/189) with df 17 is more than 0/05 that it is show lack of relationship between areas of neighborhoods and the number of post offices in region 3. According to the above table, there isn t significant relationship between the spatial organization and spatial distribution of the postal service offices Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) To analyze and evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats postal service offices in city of Rasht, after initial studies on main components of post offices were identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In order to prioritize components for each of these components was designed 10 indicators in the form of a questionnaire with a likert five point scale with closed questions and the finally According to a survey conducted the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are classified based on priority. After entering the information into the software SPSS, to investigate indicators is used influence weight, influence coefficient and the percentage of probability of occurrence for each index that in this relationship influence weight of indicators, Because the questionnaire based on likert five point scale, therefore, possible frequency in the highest possible number (the number 5) are multiplied that as follows was calculated influence weight of indicators. To determine also influence coefficient, frequency obtained are multiplied in value from 1 to 5 and the result is the number of indicators per component (10 questions) is divided so that influence coefficient of indicators is determined and finally, to obtain the probability of occurrence each index influence coefficient divided on influence weight obtained and multiply in number 100; thus, with value related to percent of probability of COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1110

10 occurrence for each index are attempted to prioritize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that in tables 13, 14, 15 and 16 are shown. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1111

11 Table 13 - Strengths prioritize of postal service offices Calculation of influence coefficient Strengths influence weight influence coefficient Percent of probability Priority Public satisfaction with the performance of post offices % 1 postal service office s ability to respond to the large number of clients % 2 People trust to postal service offices % 3 Adequate facilities to service delivery % 4 Having skilled and educated workforce associated with post % 5 considering appropriate area for the post offices % 6 Interact with government % 7 Interact with the post organization % 8 Entrepreneurship % 9 To provide services to veterans and the disabled % 10 Various registered internet towards e-government % 11 Doing banking transactions such as paying bills and % 12 Table 14 - Weaknesses prioritize of postal service offices Calculation of influence coefficient Weaknesses influence weight influence coefficient Percent of probability Priority Inappropriate distribution of postal service offices in the city % 1 Lack of equitable access of people to postal service offices % 2 Increasing traffic volume due to inappropriate spatial distribution of post offices % 3 Lack of post offices compared tocity population % 4 Concentration of too much post office in city center % 5 inappropriate planning about the spatial distribution of post offices in the city % 6 non-compliance of legal distance for post offices together (500 meters) % 7 Increasing costs and during the trip due to inappropriate distribution of post offices % 8 Lack of correct localization for post offices % 9 Financial barriers % 10 Administrative barriers of organizations % 11 Lack of fixed price for services % 12 Table 15 - Opportunities prioritize of postal service offices Calculation of influence coefficient Opportunities Influence weight Influence coefficient Percent of probability Priority Law of 500 meters far of post offices towards together % 1 The importance of post offices in upper projects % 2 Capability to provide electronic in postal service % 3 Technical opportunities % 4 Financial opportunities and partnerships % 5 Supporting post organization % 6 Legal opportunities and financial support % 7 Considering post offices for the external pats and border of city in the future % 8 Citizen welcome to apply % 9 Decentralized offices from city center in the future % 10 COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1112

12 Table 16 - Threats prioritize of postal service offices Calculation of influence coefficient Threats Influence weight Influence coefficient Percent of probability Priority Importance of land in located post in the city % 1 Authorization restriction of post offices % 2 Financial constraints % 3 Merger of villages in legal area of the city % 4 High traffic in city % 5 Increasing urban population and reduce the level required for people % 6 Non-compliance with law about post offices % 7 Reduce the efficiency of post offices due to lack of proper localization % 8 existence of competing post offices % 9 Don t have some of the postal service to offices % 10 After necessary review and analysis by SPSS software and to obtain probability of occurrence percent are attempted to prioritize indicators based on the highest score obtained and most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of postal service Rasht was determined as follows: The main strength is public satisfaction with the performance of post offices. The most important of weakness is inappropriate distribution of postal service offices in the city. Opportunities in priority order include: law of 500 meters far of post offices towards together, the importance of post offices in upper projects, capability to provide electronic in postal Service, technical opportunities, financial opportunities and partnerships, supporting post organization, legal opportunities and financial support, considering post offices for the external pats and border of city in the future, citizen welcome to apply, decentralized offices from city center in the future; by applying and implementing practical this solutions post offices will achieve to desirable situation. Also in case of current trends continue and the lack of a comprehensive and integrated program by the responsible officials to improve current situation of post offices, issues and problems will threaten this city that most important threat is importance of land in located post in the city that this will be caused unfair distribution of post offices and in turn will be increase traffic and pollution. 6. Conclusion 77 post offices in Rasht is distributed most offices are scattered around the city center. There are 17 offices in Region 1 that distribution of post offices in this region is mostly in the South and Southeast. 32 Office is located in region 2 that the distribution of post offices in this region is mostly in the north and northeastern partly and 28 offices is distributed in region 3 that the distribution of post offices in this region is mostly in the western and central. In terms of ownership 97/4 percent of post offices have privately ownership and 6/2 percent has government ownership. Legal distance is intended 500 m for post offices at least 2 offices are essential for each street. This distance has not been observed in most areas in city of Rasht. The main strength is public satisfaction with the performance of post offices. The most important of weakness is inappropriate distribution of postal service offices in the city. According to statistics obtained from Rasht Municipality, population have changed to 625,500 thousands of people to the end of 1390 Solar Hejri, Are living in an area of 10,571 hectares. Post facilities per capita is 0/02 in Rasht that standard limit is 0/1 (Shia, 1999). So Rasht faces lack of post facilities. The results of research indicated that there isn t significant relationship between city spatial organization and distribution of postal service offices. After studies made was determined that city people according to city design will benefit from different postal service. This means that urban form have direct effect on how travel within city and visit to the post offices. Also this number of offices according to city's population and area neighborhoods and needs of city residents don t have necessary consistent. Finally, according to results of the Pearson and chi-square tests, we can conclude that there isn t significant relationship between city spatial organization and distribution of postal service offices 7. Recommendations According to the research results, suggestions and principle strategies for the distribution of post facilities to reduce the problems is as follows: 1 - Program of construction and development of facilities due to shortage and city need for a long-term vision is planned and executed. 2 - Construction of one-kilometer radius at least 2 office in the streets. - Observe 500m for the construction of offices and don t letting the establishment of offices in closer than 500 meters distance in local. 4 - Decentralization of post offices in city center. 5 - Distribution of offices in suburb and regions of informal settlements in the city. 6 - Compliance number of installations posts with population of city based on current standards. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1113

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