Measurement of the Urban-Housing Deficit:

Transcription

1 Measurement of the Urban-Housing Deficit: Strategies, tools and sources of information The International Network for Urban and Regional Statistics Standing Committee of the International Association for Official Statistics IAOS-SCORUS Conference, Santiago. Chile October 2010 Carolina Ramírez Pérez Juan Cristóbal Moreno Crossley Comisión de Estudios Habitacionales y Urbanos (CEHU), MINISTERIO DE VIVIENDA Y URBANISMO

2 Definitions Urban-Housing Deficit Deficiencies Quality of life + built environment Housing Services Infrastructure Public Space Quantity Quality Access

3 Urban-Housing Deficit Strategic variables Land Housing Infrastructure Public Administration Private Administration Services Public Space Integration and social cohesion Security Participation Quantity Quality Access

4 Urban-Housing Deficit Scales Components Country Housing Infrastructure Services Levels of analysis Region Metropolitan areas Districts Neighbourhoods Rural settlements Public Space Levels of management Country Region District

5 Sustainability Proposed National Urban Development Policy The principles of social, economic and environmental sustainability are understood as the search for equity and integration, economic development and environmental equilibrium in order to improve quality of life in our cities (MINVU, 2009)

6 Sustainability Strategic variables These variables are important to measure performance of cities, municipalities and neighbourhoods, facilitating informed decision-making processes and the creation of policies at different levels of government Calidad de vida urbana Economic Dimension Quality of Life Social Dimension Sustainable Development Environmental Dimension

7 The Economic Dimension Sustainability Considering land variable as an essential strategic element. It is not a neutral factor: land must be considered dynamically to calculate urban-housing deficiencies - location and economic valuation. Correct diagnoses of land availability, adequacy and conditions. Housing and urban uses compete for urbanize land, a pressure which is sensitive to political and economic interests. It requires considering factors such as the availability or existence of urban land in different submarkets and socio-economic segments; value by submarket; property; size of sites; location attributes; construction regulations; and potential modification of uses.

8 The Social Dimension Sustainability Private administration: in some cases it has produced a negative impact on neighbourhoods and cities, due to a lack of coordination between private decisions and government actions -frameworks for developing publicprivate cooperation and clearly-defined roles and guidelines-. Public administration: clear diagnosis of government actions from a territorial perspective -national, regional and municipal levels- to identify opportunities for learning from or replicating experiences. Citizen participation: Citizens may establish what constitutes a good neighbourhood, acknowledging their essential role as city, neighbourhood and housing residents.

9 The Environmental Dimension Sustainability These deficiencies may be measured according to indicators that evaluate the performance of urban investments, in terms of their capacity to preserve and adapt urban and rural territory as a whole, which according to Acselrad (1999) may be described as urban resilience. Fundamental elements of analysis, including aspects such as the conditions of conservation and maintenance of urban investment, in terms of: a) Biodiversity, conservation of natural heritage and coherence with the regional context. b) Environmental impact of the actions carried out through this investment. c) Efficiency in the use of energy and human and natural resources. d) Protection of ecosystems (such as protected forest areas, parks and natural reservations), among other aspects.

10 Analysis Case study: Chillán

11 Housing deficit Comparative Analysis QUALITATIVE HOUSING DEFICIT (2002) % Population affected (selected cities). Comparative approach: Similar cities Total urbano país Curicó 13,1 19,4 86,9 80,6 Los Angeles 11,4 88,6 QUANTITATIVE HOUSING DEFICIT (2002) % Population affected (selected cities). Chillán Valdivia 10,9 8,3 89,1 91,7 Total urbano país Los Angeles 15,0 17,4 85,0 82,6 Osorno 7,8 92,2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Osorno Curicó 16,2 14,8 hhh 83,8 85,2 Affected Not affected Valdivia 14,1 85,9 Chillán 13,8 86,2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Affected Not affected Numeric expression: Population affected by urbanhousing deficiencies

12 Infrastructure deficit Coverage v/s perception indicators Comparative Analysis LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE (2002). % Population without public services (selected cities) Total urbano país Los Angeles Valdivia 4,2 6,0 4,2 95,8 94,0 95,8 Chillán 3,6 96,4 QUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE (2007) % Population with a bad evaluation on infrastructure (selected cities) Osorno Curicó 2,5 2,1 97,5 97,9 Total 103 Comunas 38,1 61,9 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Chillán 52,8 47,2 Affected Not affected Curicó 43,6 56,4 Los Angeles Valdivia 32,4 30,1 67,6 69,9 Focus on local scope Osorno 12,2 87,8 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Affected Not affected

13 HOUSING deficit Housing Allegados : high population and housing density CEHU-MINVU, 2009

14 Infrastructure Transport and communications networks CEHU-MINVU, 2009

15 INFRASTRUCTURE deficiencies Infrastructure Wide coverage on public services Infrastructure deficiencies focused on transport and urban mobility CEHU-MINVU, 2009

16 Public Space Localization of green areas and sports facilities CEHU-MINVU, 2009

17 PUBLIC SPACES deficiencies Public Space Scales: Sufficient for the city; insufficient for the neighbourhood Scarcity on densely populated areas (pericentral) CEHU-MINVU, 2009

18 Localization of social services Services CEHU-MINVU, 2009

19 SERVICES Deficiencies Services Spatial concentration: public transport dependency Importance of subjective evaluations CEHU-MINVU, 2009

20 Urban-Housing Deficit Summary Spatial clustering Public policy: promote localization or increase spatial mobility? CEHU-MINVU, 2009

21 Statistical Issues Sources of information: relevance, universality, territorial break-down Limited information on certain components and dimensions Combination of objective and subjective indicators Partial v/s comprehensive indicators of Urban Housing Deficit

22 Conclusions The Challenge: Developing of complementary tools according to the principles of economic, social and environmental sustainability. Immediate tasks: (a) Identification and classification of the available data sources (b) strategic selection of urban housing requirement indicators