for an Informed Analysis of A Socio-Economic Perspective Adrijana Car, Marike Bontenbal and Marius Herrmann

Transcription

1 Creating a GIS-Base for an Informed Analysis of Tourism Development: A Socio-Economic Perspective Adrijana Car, Marike Bontenbal and Marius Herrmann adrijana.car@gutech.edu.om edu GSS 2012 Affiliated to:

2 Contacts Dr. Adrijana Car Associate Professor in GIS Dr. Marike Bontenbal Assistant Professor in Human Geography and Urban and Regional Planning Marius Herrmann Intern in GIS Department of Sustainable Tourism and Regional Development German University of Technology in Oman (GUtech) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 2

3 Motivation Ongoing multidisciplinary research project on tourism and community participation in Oman Tourism, Economics, Regional Development, Anthropology, Geography and GIScience Creating a common framework of thinking: geographical space GIS can bring significant added value to decision making through data analysis, modelling and forecasting (e.g. McAdam 1999) Picture: 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 3

4 Contents Tourism Aspect Tourism Products Tourism Typologies Conceptualization bringing together research in Tourism and GIScience GIS Aspect Geo-Base Creation Data Modelling Summary and Further Steps Pictures: /12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 4

5 Tourism Aspects Tourism is a complex phenomenon: An industry with a diverse range of sectors and actors A human activity causing a myriad of socioeconomic, cultural and environmental effects A tourism product than can be supplied and consumed Is spatial in nature 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 5

6 The Tourism Product Model components: PP S H FC I PP: Physical Plant (site) S: Service H: Hospitality FC: Freedom of Choice I: Involvement (Smith 1994, Fig. 1, p.587) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 6

7 Tourism Products (cont.) The Five A s of tourism Attractions Access Accommodation Amenities Awareness (Tourism Western Australia 2009) The Six A s of tourism Attractions Accessibility Amenities Ancillary services Available packages Activities iti (Buhalis 2000) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 7

8 Typology A way of classifying things of interest according to some criteria ( Helps organizing domain knowledge Tourism research typologies are frequently used to establish a framework of thinking about an issue or problem in scientific manner (Coccossis and Constantoglou 2006) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 8

9 Tourism Typologies - Approach Top down based on existing literature Bottom up based on case studies 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 9

10 Use of Typologies The use of typologies has been common in tourism studies to conceptualize tourism phenomena Useful tool for tourism development planning and policy making Tourism supply typologies examples of criteria the localised or extensive nature of the tourist destination area the rate of development the nature of development (spontaneous versus planned) the characteristics, attitudes and influence of the existing population the extent of public and private sector involvement in tourism the economic base prior to tourism growth the offer of tourism services (Coccossis and Constantoglou 2005; 2006) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 10

11 Tourism Supply Typology Despite being a key sector of economic growth and diversification, tourism in Oman has remained understudied 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 11

12 Tourism Supply Typology (cont.) Using a tourism supply typology is expected to prove useful in describing and analysing the nature of tourism products in Oman - Proposing a framework of tourism product criteria - Categorising tourism attractions, actors, activities and environments into meaningful types - Policy relevance - for tourism planning and regulation - for the application of GIS in tourism planning 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 12

13 Tourism Supply Typology (cont.) The following criteria are proposed to help assess tourism in Oman into a supply typology : 1. Tourism growth phase, level, and qualitative characteristics 2. Tourism governance existence or absence of development planning in the destination area and stakeholders involved 3. The characteristics and response of the local community demographic terms, existing economic activities, iti and human resource potential 4. The quantitative and qualitative nature of tourists demographic and socio-economic characteristics 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 13

14 Conceptualization Typologies in Tourism Research Concept(s) from GIScience (volpe.dot.gov) Sharing of computerized data and results and in turn improved communication in the multidisciplinary project team Formal description of the underlying spatial concepts, e.g. using ontologies (Gruber 1993) Comparison with similar il concepts / approaches 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 14

15 GIS in Tourism Research Literature review on GIS-related conceptualization in tourism: Developing a multimedia database for tourism in Nigeria (Ayeni et al. 2004) Urban growth impact in tourism area using remote sensing and GIS in the UAE (Bualhamam 2009) Using GIS and PPGIS in community planning (Brown & Weber 2012, Vajjhala 2005; Weiner et al. 2002) 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 15

16 GIS in Tourism Research (cont.) All GIS-related activities serve this final purpose - to communicate; all other functions, such as data storage, management analysis and so on, are intermediate steps serving primarily as means to (Sui and Goodchild 2003, p.7) communicative ends. 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 16

17 GIS in Tourism Research GIS as a communication tool first create a comprehensive geographical database identify tools appropriate for spatio-temporal analysis and visualization Pictures: /12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 17

18 An Informed Analysis is a combination of spatial analysis in GIS together with quantitative and qualitative analysis in tourism research The basis for informed spatial decision making 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 18

19 GIS in Tourism Research (cont.) Selected functional capabilities of a GIS Examples of basic questions that can be investigated using a GIS Examples of tourism applications & corresponding specific tasks Data entry, storage and manipulation Database integration and management Location Attributes Where is? What, when and how is? Tourism Resource Inventories Collecting spatial data [ Creating a geographic base for a tourism product ] Integrating g (non-)spatial )p data [ Tourism census and services ] Data retrieval Spatial analysis Spatial modelling & Decision support Data queries and searches Pattern Modelling Select from where? What is the spatial distribution of? What if? Tourism Management [ Deriving spatial extent and demographic characteristics of the local community ] Analysing relationships associations with resource use [ Monitoring spatial distribution and time series analysis ] Assessing potential impacts of tourism development [ Assessing phase and level of tourism growth ] The best way to Creating maps Visualization all the above communicate the [ Mapping results of a tourism location 11/12/2012 results Geospatial of... Scientific is? Summit suitability analysis ] 19

20 Geo-Base Creation 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 20

21 Geo-Base Creation: Conceptual Model 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 21

22 Geo-Base Creation: Base Map Data 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 22

23 Geo-Base Creation: Tourism Data 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 23

24 Further Steps Short-term results Create and populate a geodatabase for tourism in Oman based on the described concepts and models Create a metadatabase of all datasets Use the created geodatabase in tourism research and teaching Mid-/Long-term results Revise the typology based on the experience from the case studies Derive an ontology for a tourism product 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 24

25 Summary One possible scenario to illustrate the potential of using GIS in tourism research Set foundations for a common conceptual framework based on a tourism supply typology for the specific context t of Oman This is an important t precondition that t allows researchers to communicate, compare and share spatial /non-spatial data and research results in a multidisciplinary project environment Dr. Adrijana Car adrijana.car@gutech.edu.om Marius Herrmann marius.herrmann@gutech.edu.om 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 25

26 References Ayeni, O. O., et al. (2004): Developing a multimedia GIS database for tourism industry in Nigeria. 20th International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Congress: Geo-Imagery Bridging Continents, t Istanbul, Turkey. Brown, G.& Weber, D. (2012): Using public participation GIS (PPGIS) on the Geoweb to monitor tourism development preferences. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 20(1), pp Bualhamam, M. R. (2009): The study of urban growth impact in tourism area using remote sensing and GIS technique for north part of the UAE. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 26(2), pp Buhalis, D. (2000): Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management 21(1), pp Coccossis, H. and M.E. Constantoglou (2005). The need of spatial typologies in tourism planning and policy making : The Greek case. 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Coccossis, H. and M.E. Constantoglou (2006). The use of Typologies in Tourism Planning: Problems and Conflicts. 46th Congress of the European Regional Science Association. Enlargement, Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. University of Thessaly. Gruber, T.R. (1993). A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. i Knowledge Acquisition. i i 5(2), pp McAdam, D. (1999). The Value and Scope of Geographical Information Systems in Tourism Management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 7(1), pp Smith, S.L.J. (1994). The Tourism Product. Annals of Tourism Research. 23(3), pp Sui, D.Z. and M.F. Goodchild (2003). A tetradic analysis of GIS and society using McLuhan s law of the media. The Canadian Geographer. 47(1), pp Tourism Western Australia (2009): Five A s of Tourism. URL: (Accessed: ) Vajjhala, S. P. (2005): Integrating GIS and Participatory Mapping in Community Development Planning. ESRI International User Conference, Sustainable Development and Humanitarian Affairs Track. San Diego. Weiner, D., et al. (2002): Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems. 11/12/2012 Geospatial Scientific Summit 26