Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Transcription

1 Unit One Rubenstein Readings Geography: Its Nature and Perspective Chapter 1: Basic Concepts 1. What two questions are at the heart of 1.a. geographic inquiry? 2. Name and describe the two broad 2.a. : categories into which geography is divided. : 3. What two broad sections is our book 3.a. divided into? 4. Define place Define region. 5. Key Issue 1: How Do Geographers Address Where Things Are? (p. 6) 1. What distinguishes geography from 1. other disciplines? 6

2 2. What are the two most important 2.a. decisions a cartographer must make? 3. Rubenstein, the author, refers to maps 3. as a reference tool and communications tool. What is the difference? 4. Name two people who have contri- 4.a. buted to cartography. What was each person s contribution? 5. Define scale and describe its three 5. Scale: types. a. c. 7

3 6. What are four distortions that 6.a. might occur in making a map of the earth? c. d. 7. What is an advantage and a disadvantage of each of the following projections? A. equal area 7.a. B. Mercator What was the purpose of the Land 8. Ordinance of 1785? 9. Name and describe three new 9.a. : technologies that are being used by cartographers. : c. : 8

4 Key Issue 2: Why is Each Point on Earth Unique? (p. 165) 1. Name and describe two basic concepts 1.a. : that help geographers explain why every place in the world is unique. : 2. List and explain four ways geographers 2.a. : identify location (place). : c. : d. : 3. Identify the following terms: a. Longitude: 3.a. Latitude: c. Parallel: c. d. Meridian: d. e. GMT e. f. International Date Line f. 9

5 4. Define region and give an example of 4. Definition: three types of regions. Example One: Example Two: Example Three: 5. What is culture? Name and describe two meanings 6.a. : of the Latin word cultus which means to care for. : Stop Here Do NOT read the Cultural Ecology Section 10

6 Key Issue 3: Why Are Different Places Similar? (p. 31) 1. Define globalization How might a transnational corporation 2.a. take advantage of its global reach, Give two examples. 3. How are these corporations a threat to 3. global diversity (or unique cultural traditions)? 4. How does the communication revolution 4. preserve cultural diversity? 5. What does al Qaeda have to do with 5. globalization? 6. Define distribution

7 7. The first property of distribution is 7. Density: density. Define density and its two types. a. 8. The second property of distribution is 8. concentration. Explain concentration. 9. The third property of distribution is 9. pattern. Explain pattern. 10. Explain space-time compression Define distance decay. Give an 11. example of it. 12. Define hearth (node) Name and describe the two basic 13.a. : types of diffusion. 12 :

8 14. Define the three processes of 14.a. : expansion diffusion and give an example of each. : c. : 15. Define uneven development and 15. explain why it occurs. Key Issue 4: Why Are Some Human Actions Not Sustainable? (Handout) 1. What is the difference between a renew- 1. able and non-renewable resource?. 2. Define sustainability in your own words Describe the three pillars of sustain- 3a. ability c.

9 4. Give two reasons why critics question 4a. the notion of sustainability What is the difference between a biotic 5. and an abiotic system? 6. Describe the three abiotic spheres? 6a. 6 6c. 7. Define cultural ecology How is environmental determinism 8. different from possibilism? One more question to go... 14

10 9. Both the Netherlands and Florida 9. Everglades face threats to their sustainability. Which is better positioned to face future challenges? Explain your answer. You may want to draw on the maps below to clarify your response. Netherlands: Florida: 15

11 AP Human Geography Mr. Horas Appendix Reading (pp ) Map Scale and Projections (by Philip Muercke) Introduction (510) 1. What is the essential purpose of a map? 1. Map Scale (510) 2. Define scale: What are the three types of scale? 3a. 3 3c. 4. What is a large-scale map? (Give an example.) What is a small-scale map? (Give an example.) 5. Map Projections (511) 6 What is the geometric problem with a flat map? What five properties might get distorted in a map? 7. 16

12 8. Draw each of the following and explain a strength and weakness of each of them. 8a. Mercator 8a. Draw 8 Strength: 8c. Weakness: 8 Goode 8a. Draw 8 Strength: 8c. Weakness: 8c. Robinson 8a. Draw 8 Strength: 8c. Weakness: 17

13 AP Human Geography Map Types and Projections Use the Internet to gather information to figure out what type of map projection (Robinson, Fuller, Mollweide, Mercator or Goode) you have as well as information about your map type. All maps lie flat, all flat maps lie. Map or Projection: Inventor (if known): Purpose of map: Strengths (At least two): Weaknesses (Distortions) (How does your map distort the world?) (At least two): 18

14 AP Human Geography Mr. Horas The Power of Place Boundaries and Borderlands - Mexico and the United States 1. How is your life affected by where you live? Give three examples. This program, Twin Cities, Divided Lives, introduces the case study approach of the course. Here we examine the borderland region between the regions of North America and Latin America. A journey to Anapara (squatter settlement) and a Campestre (wealthy settlement) near Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and then across the Rio Grande to EI Paso, Texas, highlights concepts of geography that are central to the course: relative location, regions, and scale. The story of Concha Martinez documents her life as she crosses between the U.S. and Mexico in order to make a life for herself and her children. It investigates how the relative locations of border cities influence economic development and migration. One of the most useful ways to assess the fate or fortune of a place is to look at its relative location -- where it is vis-à-vis other places. And, as the case study shows, the concept of relative location helps us understand a whole set of patterns on the surface of the earth as well as the life of Concha Martinez. 2. After viewing the video, answer the following question. Students should understand that the phenomena they are studying at one scale (e.g. local) may well be influenced by developments at other scales (e.g. regional, national, or global). So, when attempting to understand geographic patterns, students should look at processes at different scales or levels. How does the quote above relate to Concha Martinez s life? 19