An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Radiation Surveillance System. Seungwoo Lee Korea Electronics Technology Institute

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1 An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Radiation Surveillance System Seungwoo Lee Korea Electronics Technology Institute

The Research on Radiation Dispersion Prevention Systems All the Physical Barriers and Engineered Safety Systems are effective until the containment is withstanding (Level 1-3) Once containment fails,

Effects from Fukushima-like accidents can be avoided/lessened with the comprehensive engineered safety systems that can: 1.

2 The Research on Radiation Dispersion Prevention Systems All the Physical Barriers and Engineered Safety Systems are effective until the containment is withstanding (Level 1-3) Once containment fails, there is no protection and subsequent release of the radioactivity is Uncontrolled! Effects from Fukushima-like accidents can be avoided/lessened with the comprehensive engineered safety systems that can: 1. Detect radioactivity releases promptly regardless of leakage locations using light but effective radiation detector and unmanned aircraft 2. Collect the detected data and simultaneously map the radioactivity levels around the accident site 3. Analyze the movement of the radioactive releases by combining real-time detection data with the atmospheric data 4. Limit radioactivity releases to the environment even after containment failures and/or bypasses using Ex-Containment Safety Systems Currently, ways to perform above objectives are being researched 2

The Research on Radiation Dispersion Prevention Systems Several

Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems has been conceptualized, 1.

Following systems has been conceptualized and are being researched

Spray-Based Ex-Containment Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems 2.

3 The Research on Radiation Dispersion Prevention Systems Several Ex-Containment Safety Systems precisely termed as Ex-Containment Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems has been conceptualized, 1. To prevent/limit radioactivity spread to environment during a severe accident progression 2. To capture/treat radioactivity released out of containment Following systems has been conceptualized and are being researched (KAIST) 1. Spray-Based Ex-Containment Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems 2. Vortex-Based Ex-Containment Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems 3. Suction Arm-Based Ex-Containment Radioactivity Release Barrier Systems Spray-Based Suction Arm-based Vortex-based 3

4 Overview of the Project Development of Technology to prevent dispersion of radioactive materials released from severe nuclear accidents Detection of release (E.W. Univ.) Prevention of dispersion (KAIST) Mobile sensing platform Risk Management (KETI) Real-time monitoring of radiation levels Risk analysis (KHMP) 4

Radiological Mapping using UAVs Necessity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -(UAVs) for Radiation Sensing Surveillance platforms using Manned Vehicles - Risks of radiation exposure of workers in emergency

5 Radiological Mapping using UAVs Necessity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -(UAVs) for Radiation Sensing Surveillance platforms using Manned Vehicles - Risks of radiation exposure of workers in emergency situations - Can seriously threaten the health of individuals near the accidents site. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - Can serve a surveillance system for wide-area measurements in radiation incident - A small-size UAV as a platform introduces costsefficient and safe solution to detect ionizing radiation. 5

6 Examples of UAVs utilization Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution Profiles using Drones 6

7 Utilization Scenario for UAV Mobile Sensing System for Radiological Mapping in EPZ EPZ : Emergency Planning Zone Integration with S-REDAP : Smart Radiological Emergency Dose Assessment Program Nuclear Power Plant UAV based Radiation Monitoring System S-REDAP 7

8 System Overview UAV based Radiation Surveillance System 8

9 ( 별첨 1) Prototype Drone Flight Control Computer Waypoint Flights Return Station Position Hold (Hovering) Automatic Landing Communication with GCS Octocopter & Foldable Body OCTOCOPTER BODY Camera Communication Range Over 1 km (LOS) 640X480 Battery Li-Poly 6 cells ( 22.2 V, 22000mAh, 25C ) 2.6 kg, 195x91x64 mm 9

3 kg (with 2x2 inch NaI(Tl) detector) Power consumption < 7 W Storage SD Card Operating

10 Prototype Payload with Radiation Detector 2 x2 (56 mm) NaI(Tl) Crystal PMT 4G LTE Modem Specification Size 32 (cm) x 25 (cm) x 10 (cm) Weight Less than 2.3 kg (with 2x2 inch NaI(Tl) detector) Power consumption < 7 W Storage SD Card Operating Temperature - 10 to +60 Lifetime Up to 1.5 hour GPS Position accuracy < 3 m Communication 4g LTE Modem (TCP/IP Communication ) 10

11 Estimating Radiation Dose 1. Scintillation Detector Sensor NaI(Tl) Ф2 x2 Thallium doped Sodium Iodide Crystal Energy Range 50 ~ 3,000 kev Resolution ~ 7% Cs-137 (662 kev) Channels 1024 Range of Dose rate µsv/h ~ 100 µsv/h (2 Scintillator) 2. Energy Band Method 3 Energy bands for NaI(Tl) using energy bands for K-40, U-238, Th-232 (Reference: NCRP Report no. 50, 1976) G(E) function for NaI(Tl) Energy Band Method using K, U, T 11

12 Dose rate calibration G-factor G(E) function estimation based on MCNP simulation ( Reference: Radiation Physics and Chemistry Vol. 106, Application of the dose rate spectroscopy to the dose-to-curie conversion method using a NaI(Tl) detector Jan., 2015) Measure cps according to altitude with ballon (5-100 m ) 12

13 Radiation Monitoring Tools Display #1 Connection / Save Display #4 Estimated Dose Rate Display #2 Current Status Display #5 GPS / Odometer Display #3 Raw data (cps) 13

14 Visualization Radiological Mapping on 3D Map 14

15 Flight Test ( Waypoint Navigation ) Waypoints Flights Cameras on UAV 15

16 Flight with Prototype Payloads <Flight Test under 4 m/s wind speed> After 15 minutes Flight with payload (2.3kg), 40-45% of battery is remained 16

17 Ongoing Issues - Advanced Drone Up to 5kg payload Can Flight under 10m/s wind speed Up to 1 hour flight time - Unmanned Management System - Reusability Wireless charging system Automatic Landing on exact charging points of ground station 17

18 Discussion remained issues Durability scratch resistant coating Reliability Effects from high level radioactive? Radiation induced software error? Drone Stalls? 18

Conclusion Solutions for preventing dispersion of radioactive materials released from severe

analyzing system has been built for use in a nuclear emergency situation Eliminating vital

19 Conclusion Solutions for preventing dispersion of radioactive materials released from severe nuclear accidents is required As a part of the project, a real-time radiation monitoring and analyzing system has been built for use in a nuclear emergency situation Eliminating vital problems - such as exposure to radiation and the physical requirements of human workers UVA : Cost-effectiveness, feasible system. Plan to analyze change of radiation distribution for comparison with simulated data.. Spatiotemporal analysis Regression Analysis for Prediction Extracting Features for Comparison 19

20 Thank You.

Dose Reconstruction Methods and Source Term Assessment using Data from Monitoring Networks and Mobile Teams A German Approach

Dose Reconstruction Methods and Source Term Assessment using Data from Monitoring Networks and Mobile Teams A German Approach M. Bleher, U. Stöhlker, F. Gering Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS),