Founda'ons- The Basic Concepts of Science

Transcription

1 Founda'ons- The Basic Concepts of Science

2 The Scien'fic Method

3 The Scien'fic Method As part of the founda/on of your house of biology knowledge, you need to understand the process of how scien/sts arrive at a scien/fic truth (theory). The next few slides will test your knowledge of this scien/fic thinking process. You probably already are familiar with this process from your work in Paxton s science fairs. Click on to make sure you know the scien/fic method.

4 This includes using your senses to study the world; it ofen involves tools. A) Observa/on B) Theory C) Hypothesis D) Data

5 This includes using your senses to study the world; it ofen involves tools. A) Observa'on

6 A proposed answer for a scien/fic ques/on is a(n). A) Theory B) Independent Variable C) Hypothesis D) Dependent Variable

7 A proposed answer for a scien/fic ques/on is a hypothesis. C) Hypothesis

8 Recording down informa/on you observe in your experiment is part of the process of collec/ng.

9 Recording down informa/on you observe in your experiment is part of the process of collec/ng data.

10 In, scien/sts study factors called independent variables. A) Data B) Experiments C) Constants D) Theories

11 In experiments, scien/sts study factors called independent variables. B) experiments

12 Dependent Variable vs. Independent Variable Independent/Dependent variables are observed and measured during an experiment. The independent/dependent variable in an experiment is a condi/on that is manipulated, or changed, by a scien/st. Changes in independent/dependent variables depend upon the manipula/on of the independent/dependent variable.

13 Dependent Variable vs. Independent Variable Dependent variables are observed and measured during an experiment. The independent variable in an experiment is a condi/on that is manipulated, or changed, by a scien/st. Changes in dependent variables depend upon the manipula/on of the independent variable.

14 The condi/ons that do not change during an experiment are called. A) Independent Variables B) Constants C) Dependent Variables D) Theories

15 The condi/ons that do not change during an experiment are called constants. A) Constants

16 In the experiment described below, iden/fy the independent variable, the dependent variable and the constant. In a science fair project, a student measures the ph level of two different types of botled water and tap water. Measurements are taken in the same room at the same /me of day. The type of water being measured is the dependent/ independent variable. The ph level of the water is the dependent/independent variable. The constant is the.

17 In the experiment described below, iden/fy the independent variable, the dependent variable and the constant. In a science fair project, a student measures the ph level of two different types of botled water and tap water. Measurements are taken in the same room at the same /me of day. The type of water being measured is the independent variable. The ph level of the water is the dependent variable. The constant is the measurements taken in the same room at the same /me of day.

18 Theory vs. Hypothesis A theory/hypothesis is a proposed answer for a scien/fic ques/on. A theory/hypothesis is a proposed explana/on for a wide range of observa/ons and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence.

19 Theory vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a proposed answer for a scien/fic ques/on. A theory is a proposed explana/on for a wid e range of observa/ons and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence.

20 The graphic organizer below can best be described as the process of A) forming a hypothesis B) crea/ng an independent variable C) analyzing data D) scien/fic thought

21 The graphic organizer below can best be described as the process of A) forming a hypothesis B) crea/ng an independent variable C) analyzing data D) scien/fic thinking

22 The graphic organizer below can best be described as the process of D) scien'fic thinking

23 Which word best describes a scien/fic hypothesis? A) Probable B) Theore/cal C) Testable D) Quan/fiable

24 Which word best describes a scien/fic hypothesis? C) Testable

25 At which stage of scien/fic inquiry would scien/sts find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data? A) Observing B) Tes/ng Hypotheses C) Analyzing Data D) Evalua/ng Results

26 At which stage of scien/fic inquiry would scien/sts find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data? C) Analyzing Data

27 In an experiment the condi/on that is manipulated by a scien/st is the A) Independent Variable B) Dependent Variable C) Constant D) Controlled Condi/on

28 In an experiment the condi/on that is manipulated by a scien/st is the A) Independent Variable

29 Which of the following is an important characteris/c of scien/fic theory? A) Proven by more than one scien/st B) Unchanged by new evidence C) Accepted by the public D) Supported by much evidence

30 Which of the following is an important characteris/c of scien/fic theory? D) Supported by much evidence

31 One way in which experimental research differs from observa/onal research is that only experimental research can A) Test a hypothesis B) Produce scien/fic results C) Support a theory D) Show cause and effect

32 One way in which experimental research differs from observa/onal research is that only experimental research can D) Show cause and effect

33 The Basic Chemistry of Life

34 Chemistry of Life The last part of the founda/on of your house of biology knowledge requires you to understand the most simple concepts of chemistry. For the purposes of understanding biology, we only need to know the following elementary chemistry concepts: the structure and proper/es of the smallest units of mater- atoms, elements, ions and molecules- and the proper/es of water, carbon- based molecules, chemical reac/ons and enzymes.

35 The smallest basic unit of mater is the. Millions of these could fit in a space the size of the period at the end of this sentence. A) Compound B) Cell C) Atom D) Molecule

36 The smallest basic unit of mater is the atom. Millions of these could fit in a space the size of the period at the end of this sentence. C) Atom

37 Name the three types of smaller par/cles contained in the atom.

38 Name the three types of smaller par/cles contained in the atom. Electron, Proton, Neutron

39 What is the charge of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom below? A) Electrons- nega/ve; Protons- posi/ve; Neutrons- neutral B) Electrons- posi/ve; Protons- nega/ve; neutrons- neutral C) Electrons- neutral; Protons- posi/ve; neutrons- nega/ve

40 What is the charge of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom below? A) Electrons- nega've; Protons- posi've; Neutrons- neutral

41 True or False? MaTer is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.

42 True MaTer is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.

43 True or False? All mater in the universe is made up of atoms, including the computer you are looking at and the desk you are currently using.

44 True All mater in the universe is made up of atoms, including the computer you are looking at and the desk you are currently using.

45 Protons/Neutrons/Electrons are located inside the nucleus and have a posi/ve charge; protons/ neutrons/electrons are located inside the nucleus and have a neutral charge; protons/neutrons/ electrons are located in electrical orbits circling the nucleus and have a nega/ve charge.

46 Protons are located inside the nucleus and have a posi/ve charge; neutrons are located inside the nucleus and have a neutral charge; electrons are located in electrical orbits circling the nucleus and have a nega/ve charge.

47 In the atom pictured below, the yellow par/cles that rotate in an electrical orbit around the nucleus are called protons/electrons/neutrons. The red neutral par/cles in the nucleus of the atom are called protons/electrons/neutrons and the green posi/vely charged protons in the nucleus of the atom are called protons/electrons/neutrons.

48 In the atom pictured below, the yellow par/cles that rotate in an electrical orbit around the nucleus are called electrons. The red neutral par/cles in the nucleus of the atom are called neutrons and the green posi/vely charged protons in the nucleus of the atom are called protons.

49 The smallest of the three par/cles inside an atom is the electron/neutron/proton. Atoms of different elements differ in the number of electrons/ neutrons/protons they have.

50 The smallest of the three par/cles inside an atom is the electron. Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons. they have.

51 A(n) is one par/cular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance buy ordinary chemical means. A) Covalent Bond B) Molecule C) Element D) Compound

52 An element is one par/cular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance buy ordinary chemical means. C) Element

53 Names of some common elements include hy, ox, and car.

54 Names of some common elements include hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.

55 elements naturally occur on earth. A) 10 B) 1,102 C) 85 D) 91

56 91 elements naturally occur on earth. D) 91

57 Of the 91 elements that occur on earth naturally, only are found in organisms. A) 3 B) 25 C) 44 D) 60

58 Of the 91 elements that occur on earth naturally, only 25 are found in organisms. B) 25

59 The following four elements make up 96% of the human body s mass: c ox n hy

60 The following four elements make up 96% of the human body s mass: carbon oxygen nitrogen hydrogen

61 The other 4% of elements in the human body consist primarily of cal (Ca), ph (P), po (K), sul (S) and sod (Na).

62 The other 4% of elements in the human body consist primarily of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and sodium (Na).

63 The element in your body that takes up a trace amount of mass, but is needed to transport oxygen in your blood is. A) Mercury (Hg) B) Lithium (Li) C) Iron (Fe) D) Hydrogen (H)

64 The element in your body that takes up a trace amount of mass, but is needed to transport oxygen in your blood is iron (Fe). C) Iron (Fe)

65 OFen/mes, atoms of elements found in organisms are ofen bonded to other atoms. A(n) is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ra/o. A) Solute B) Solvent C) Solu/on D) Compound

66 OFen/mes, atoms of elements found in organisms are ofen bonded to other atoms. A compound is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ra/o. D) Compound

67 Two of the most common compounds in living things include (H 2 O) and (CO 2 )

68 Two of the most common compounds in living things include water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

69 A specific type of compound- atoms of different elements bonded together- where atoms are held together by covalent bonds (shared electrons) is called a(n). A) Element B) Ion C) Compound D) Molecule

70 A specific type of compound- atoms of different elements bonded together- where atoms are held together by covalent bonds (shared electrons) is called a molecule. D) Molecule

71 An ionic/covalent bond is the type of bond that forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. A common ionic/covalent bond is carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

72 A covalent bond is the type of bond that forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. A common covalent bond is carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

73 A(n) is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. A) Element B) Ion C) Compound D) Molecule

74 An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. B) Ion

75 A(n) ionic/covalent bond forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged par/cles. A common type of covalent/ionic bond is sodium chloride (NaCl), more commonly referred to as table salt.

76 A(n) ionic bond forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged par/cles. A common type of ionic bond is sodium chloride (NaCl), more commonly referred to as table salt.

77 Water- The Universal Solvent Click on to review the details of the ways in which water is essen/al to the sustenance of life. _ + H O H +

78 is the most abundant, fundamental compound found in living things. All species cells are mostly made up of this molecule (covalently bonded compound). _ + H O H +

79 Water (H 2 O) is the most abundant, fundamental compound found in living things. All species cells are mostly made up of this molecule (covalently bonded compound). _ O + H H +

80 Which of the following is a unique property that makes water essen/al for life? A) Water gives cells structure B) Water transports materials within organisms. C) Water provides the environment for processes necessary for life. D) Water has unique proper/es related to its structure that are important to living things. E) All of the above H + _ O H +

81 Which of the following is a unique property that makes water essen/al for life? Water gives cells structure Water transports materials within organisms. Water provides the environment for processes necessary for life. Water has unique proper/es related to its structure that are important to living things. All of the above H + _ O H +

82 All life depends on the structure of the bonds in water. (H 2 O) A) Hydrogen B) Lithium _ C) Carbon D) Nitrogen H O H + +

83 All life depends on the structure of the hydrogen bonds in water. (H 2 O) A) Hydrogen _ O + H H +

84 Water (H 2 O) is a molecule that has a region with a slightly nega/ve charge (1 oxygen atom) and a region with a slightly posi/ve charge (2 hydrogen atoms). This property in a covalently bonded molecule occurs when bonded atoms have unequal pulls on the electrons they share. These charged proper/es of water s atoms make it polar/non- polar molecule. _ + H O H +

85 Water (H 2 O) is a molecule that has a region with a slightly nega/ve charge (1 oxygen atom) and a region with a slightly posi/ve charge (2 hydrogen atoms). This property in a covalently bonded molecule occurs when bonded atoms have unequal pulls on the electrons they share. These charged proper/es of water s atoms make it polar molecule. _ + H O H +

86 An atrac/on between a slightly posi/ve hydrogen atom and a slightly nega/ve atom, ofen oxygen or nitrogen, is called a(n). _ A) Oxygen Bond B) Nitrogen Bond O C) Hydrogen Bond D) Carbon Bond + H H +

87 An atrac/on between a slightly posi/ve hydrogen atom and a slightly nega/ve atom, ofen oxygen or nitrogen, is called a hydrogen bond. C) Hydrogen Bond _ O + H H +

88 A small amount/large amount of energy is needed to overcome the atrac/on among water molecules hydrogen bonds. This allows water to be a liquid/ solid/gas at temperatures that support most life on earth. _ O + H H +

89 A large amount of energy is needed to overcome the atrac/on among water molecules hydrogen bonds. This allows water to be a liquid at temperatures that support most life on earth. _ O + H H +

90 Which of the following important proper/es of water are a result of the strong hydrogen bonds in water? A) Water s high specific heat B) Cohesion- hydrogen bonds make water s/ck to each other C) Adhesion- The atract among molecules of different substances. (water molecules s/ck to other things). This helps plants transport water from their roots to their leaves because water molecules s/ck to the sides of the vessels that carry water. D) All of the above _ O H + H +

91 Which of the following important proper/es of water are a result of the strong hydrogen bonds in water? Water s high specific heat Cohesion- hydrogen bonds make water s/ck to each other Adhesion- The atrac/on among molecules of different substances. (water molecules s/ck to other things). This helps plants transport water from their roots to their leaves because water molecules s/ck to the sides of the vessels that carry water. D) All of the above _ + H O H +

92 Molecules and ions cannot take part in chemical processes inside cells unless they dissolve in. _ H + O H +

93 Molecules and ions cannot take part in chemical processes inside cells unless they dissolve in water. _ H + O H +

94 In addi/on to being essen/al for your bodies chemical reac/ons, water is also important for your body because it dissolves important materials such as oxygen and sugars so they can be tr to other cells in your body.

95 In addi/on to being essen/al for your bodies chemical reac/ons, water is also important for your body because it dissolves important materials such as oxygen and sugars so they can be transported to other cells in your body.

96 Many compounds dissolve in water so they can be transported to other cells in your body or undergo a chemical reac/on. Water s ability to dissolve compounds is based on which of the following proper/es of water? A) The polarity (charged) aspect of water breaks up the bonds in ionic compounds B) Polar molecules dissolve in water because the atrac/on between the water molecules and the compound being dissolved in water (solute) is greater than the atrac/on between the molecules of the compound in water. C) All of the above

97 Many compounds dissolve in water so they can be transported to other cells in your body or undergo a chemical reac/on. Water s ability to dissolve compounds is based on which of the following proper/es of water? The polarity (charged) aspect of water breaks up the bonds in ionic compounds Polar molecules dissolve in water because the atrac/on between the water molecules and the compound being dissolved in water (solute) is greater than the atrac/on between the molecules of the compound in water. A) All of the above

98 A solvent/solute/solu/on is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout. A solvent/solute/ solu/on is the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance. A solvent/solute/solu/on is a substance that dissolves in a solvent. Water is usually the solvent/solute because of its ability to break up other compounds. The compounds that are dissolved in water are called the solvent/solute.

99 A solu'on is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout. A solvent is the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance. A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent. Water is usually the solvent because of its ability to break up other compounds. The compounds that are dissolved in water are called the solute.

100 Water is also an essen/al defense system for your body because it acts as a natural buffer against harmful acidic and basic solu/ons that can make their way into your body. Remember- water can dissolve these harmful substances. To remain healthy, humans need to keep their ph levels around 7. Most water also has a ph level of 7. An acid/base is a compound that releases a proton- a hydrogen ion (H + )- when it dissolves in water. Bases/acids are compounds that remove H + ions from a solu/on. A solu/on s acidity, or H + ion concentra/on, is measured by the scale. A solu/on with a ph of 0 is very basic/acidic, while a solu/on with a ph of 14 is very acidic/basic. ph is usually between 0 and 14. ph stands for pr hyd ion.

101 Water is also an essen/al defense system for your body because it acts as a natural buffer against harmful acidic and basic solu/ons that can make their way into your body. Remember- water can dissolve these harmful substances. To remain healthy, humans need to keep their ph levels around 7. Most water also has a ph level of 7. An acid is a compound that releases a proton- a hydrogen ion (H + )- when it dissolves in water. Bases are compounds that remove H + ions from a solu/on. A solu/on s acidity, or H + ion concentra/on, is measured by the ph scale. A solu/on with a ph of 0 is very acidic, while a solu/on with a ph of 14 is very basic. ph is usually between 0 and 14. ph stands for proton hydrogen ion.

102 Carbon Based Molecules Click on read about the four carbon- based molecules that make up organisms.

103 The following are the four main types of carbon- based molecules found in living things: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids Fats that store chemical energy and form part of a cell s structure. Make up our DNA and RNA: Make up the structure and func/on of our bodies: Our body breaks these down into glucose and converts them into energy for our cells:

104 The following are the four main types of carbon- based molecules found in living things: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. Put them correctly with their corresponding defini/on. Fats that store chemical energy and form part of a cell s structure. lipids Make up our DNA and RNA: nucleic acids Make up the structure and func/on of our bodies: proteins Our body breaks these down into glucose and converts them into energy for our cells: carbohydrates

105 This one element is called the building block of living things; its atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things. This element has four unpaired electrons on its outer energy level, making it very easy to form covalent/ionic bonds with many other atoms. A) Hydrogen B) Carbon C) Nitrogen D) Oxygen

106 This one element is called the building block of living things; its atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things. This element has four unpaired electrons on its outer energy level, making it very easy to form covalent bonds with many other atoms. B) Carbon

107 In many carbon- based molecules, small molecules are subunits of an en/re molecule, like links in a chain. Each subunit in the complete molecule is called a(n) A) Monomer B) Polymer C) Protein D) Carbohydrate Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) monomer

108 In many carbon- based molecules, small molecules are subunits of an en/re molecule, like links in a chain. Each subunit in the complete molecule is called a monomer. A) Monomer Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) monomer

109 A large macromolecule made up of many monomers bonded together is called a(n) A) Monomer B) Polymer C) Protein D) Carbohydrate Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) monomer

110 A large macromolecule made up of many monomers bonded together is called a polymer. B) Polymer Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) monomer

111 A six- carbon sugar (carbohydrate) that is the most basic unit of nutri/on for our bodies is (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). A) Glucose B) Hemoglobin C) Amino Acid D) Fructose

112 A six- carbon sugar (carbohydrate) that is the most basic unit of nutri/on for our bodies is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). A) Glucose

113 Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms are called. A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Amino Acids D) FaTy Acids

114 Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms are called fa]y acids. D) FaTy Acids

115 Nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol are A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Lipids D) Nucleic Acids

116 Nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol are lipids. C) Lipids

117 Which of the following is a func/on of lipids inside our bodies? A) Lipids used to make hormones B) Lipids make up cell membranes C) Lipids are used to make hormones D) All of the above

118 Which of the following is a func/on of lipids inside our bodies? Lipids used to make hormones Lipids make up cell membranes Lipids are used to make hormones D) All of the above

119 A polymer made up of monomers called amino acids is a A) Nucleic Acid B) Protein C) Lipid D) Carbohydrate

120 A polymer made up of monomers called amino acids is a protein. B) Protein

121 Our bodies contain 20 of these; we use them to build proteins. These are the monomers that bond together to make up proteins. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and some/mes sulfur. A) Amino Acids B) Carbohydrates C) Nucleic Acids D) Lipids

122 Our bodies contain 20 of these; we use them to build proteins. These are the monomers that bond together to make up proteins. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and some/mes sulfur. A) Amino Acids

123 The bonds that form between amino acids are called bonds.

124 The bonds that form between amino acids are called pep'de bonds.

125 Photosynthesis & Aerobic Respira'on

126 Photosynthesis Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

127 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 This is the chemical formula for

128 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 This is the chemical formula for photosynthesis.

129 is the process started by plants that begins the food chain. A) Solar Radia/on B) Greenhouse Effect C) chemosynthesis D) photosynthesis

130 is the process started by plants that begins the food chain. A) Solar Radia/on B) Greenhouse Effect C) chemosynthesis D) photosynthesis

131 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In this photosynthe/c formula, we call the arrow a(n) sign. A) Equals B) Yields C) Greater than D) Less than

132 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In this photosynthe/c formula, we call the arrow a(n) sign. A) Equals B) Yields C) Greater than D) Less than

133 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Solar Energy represents the A) Plant s energy B) Sun s energy C) Energy of conversion D) Consumer s energy

134 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Solar Energy represents the A) Plant s energy B) Sun s energy C) Energy of conversion D) Consumer s energy

135 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In any chemical equa'on, the part of the formula on the lec side of the yield sign is the A) Oxygen B) Producer s work C) Product D) Reactant

136 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In any chemical equa'on, the part of the formula on the lec side of the yield sign is the A) Oxygen B) Producer s work C) Product D) Reactant

137 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In any chemical equa'on, the part of the formula on the right side of the yield sign is the A) Oxygen B) Producer s work C) Product D) Reactant

138 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In any chemical equa'on, the part of the formula on the right side of the yield sign is the A) Oxygen B) Producer s work C) Product D) Reactant

139 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, H 2 0 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon dioxide D) Glucose

140 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, H 2 0 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon dioxide D) Glucose

141 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, CO 2 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

142 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, CO 2 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

143 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, O 2 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

144 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, O 2 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

145 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, C 6 H 12 O 6 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

146 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In the equa/on for photosynthesis, C 6 H 12 O 6 represents A) oxygen B) water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Glucose

147 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Write down a descrip/on of the en/re photosynthesis equa/on above.

148 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What law states that energy states cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred? A) Second Law of Thermodynamics B) Law of Conserva/on of MaTer C) Law of Popula/on Dynamics D) Law of Conserva/on of Mass.

149 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What law states that energy states cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred? A) Second Law of Thermodynamics B) Law of Conserva'on of Ma]er C) Law of Popula/on Dynamics D) Law of Conserva/on of Mass.

150 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Name all of the elements that are in the photosynthesis equa/on above.

151 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Name all of the elements that are in the photosynthesis equa/on above. H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen C = Carbon

152 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Name all of the compounds that make up the photosynthesis process above and state whether each compound is found in the product or the reactant.

153 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Name all of the compounds that make up the photosynthesis process and state whether each compound is found in the product or the reactant. H 2 0 Water (found in reactant) CO 2 - Carbon Dioxide (found in reactant) C 6 H 12 O 6 - Glucose (found in product) O 2- Oxygen (found in product)

154 The law of conserva/on of mater states that energy states cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. This is also the A) Law of conserva/on of mass B) Third law of Thermodynamics C) First law of Thermodynamics D) Second law of Thermodynamics

155 The law of conserva/on of mater states that energy states cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. This is also the A) Law of conserva/on of mass B) Third law of Thermodynamics C) First law of Thermodynamics D) Second law of Thermodynamics

156 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What do plants create in photosynthesis that is a byproduct released into the atmosphere? A) Glucose B) Water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Oxygen

157 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What do plants create in photosynthesis that is a byproduct released into the atmosphere? A) Glucose B) Water C) Carbon Dioxide D) Oxygen

158 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 One man s trash is another man s treasure. Explain how this saying is a metaphor for the byproduct of photosynthesis and its importance to humans.

159 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 One man s trash is another man s treasure. Explain how this saying is a metaphor for the byproduct of photosynthesis and its importance to humans. Although oxygen is a byproduct (trash to a plant), oxygen is gold to humans because we need it to breathe. We use plant s trash (oxygen) as our gold (air).

160 begin the food chain. A) Humans when they consume plants B) Herbivores when they eat plants C) Plants when they are rained on. D) Plants when they undergo photosynthesis

161 begin the food chain. A) Humans when they consume plants B) Herbivores when they eat plants C) Plants when they are rained on. D) Plants when they undergo photosynthesis

162 Plants begin the food chain and are called A) Primary producers B) Autotrophs C) Consumers D) A,B, and C E) B and C F) A and B

163 Plants begin the food chain and are called A) Primary producers B) Autotrophs C) Consumers D) A,B, and C E) B and C F) A and B (autotrophs and primary producers)

164 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What is produced during photosynthesis that is a basic nutri/onal structure for all animals in the food chain?

165 Solar Energy + 6H CO 2 è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What is produced during photosynthesis that is a basic nutri/onal structure for all animals in the food chain? Glucose!

166 Without the made by plants during photosynthesis, like human beings would have nothing to eat and could not exist! A) oxygen/ consumers B) oxygen/ producers C) glucose/ consumers D) glucose/ producers

167 Without the glucose made by plants during photosynthesis, consumers like human beings would have nothing to eat and could not exist! A) oxygen/ consumers B) oxygen/ producers C) glucose/ consumers D) glucose/ producers

168 Explain the two reasons that human beings could not exist without photosynthesis.

169 The of photosynthesis is the reactant of aerobic respira/on and the of aerobic respira/on is the of photosynthesis

170 The product of photosynthesis is the reactant of aerobic respira/on and the reactant of aerobic respira/on is the product of photosynthesis

171 Write the chemical formula for aerobic respira/on.

172 Write the chemical formula for aerobic respira/on. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2è Energy + 6H CO 2

173 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2è Energy + 6H CO 2 What do plants need that humans release as waste during aerobic respira/on?

174 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2è Energy + 6H CO 2 What do plants need that humans release as waste during aerobic respira/on? CO 2 Carbon Dioxide

175 could not exist without and could not exist without

176 Humans could not exist without plants and plants could not exist without humans

177 On The Test Make sure you memorize the chemical formulas for both photosynthesis and aerobic respira/on. The reactant of photosynthesis is the product of cellular respira/on and the reactant of cellular respira/on is the product of photosynthesis.