The M echanism of Factor VIII Inactivation by H um an Antibodies
|
|
- Delilah Clarke
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ANNALS O F CLINICAL A N D LABORATORY SC IE N C E, Vol. 15, No. 1 Copyright 1985, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. The M echanism of Factor VIII Inactivation by H um an Antibodies II. The Effect of Factor VIII R: Antigen on the Rate o f Interaction* JOHN LAZARCHICK, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC ABSTRACT Factor VIII R:Ag by binding to the procoagulant component (VIILC) inhibits the extent and rate of interaction of hum an antifactor VIII antibodies with VIILC. W hen this reaction is examined under ionic strength conditions (0.24M CaCl) which dissociate the two factor VIII components, the extent of the reaction is increased approximately two fold and the initial rate of interaction is increased three to four fold for both intact IgG antibody and its Fab' derivative. W ith isolated procoagulant component, increased ionic strength conditions only influence the rate of interaction. These studies further explain the peculiar tim e-dependence of this in te r action. Introduction It has been dem onstrated in a previous study that the presence of factor VIILR antigen affects the interaction of human antibodies w ith factor V III.3 W hen antibody assays are perform ed under ionic strength conditions which would cause dissociation of the factor VIII molecule, there is an approximate two-fold increase in antibody titer for both intact IgG and Fab' derivative com pared to the same assay being done in physiologic buffer. * Supported in part by Grant HL26044 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Since the num ber of antifactor VIII antibody m olecules p re se n t in any p aired solution was identical, it was postulated th a t factor V IIL R antigen by bin d in g V IILC was rate-lim iting in these reactions. Because by convention antibody titers are determ ined at a defined two h o u r e n d p o in t, th ese findings do not allow inference w hether this effect re p resents simply a greater extent of interaction (m ore V IIL C accessible to a n tibody) or w hether the rate of reaction is accelerated (final equilibrium reached sooner) or a com bination of b oth. To approach this question, this interaction has been exam ined at sequential tim e /85/ $01.20 Institute for Clinical Science, Inc.
2 INHIBITORY EFFECT OF VIII R: ANTIGEN 77 points enab lin g us to g en e ra te rate of reaction d e te rm in a tio n s w hich p e rm it testing these hypotheses. O ur results confirm that factor VIII :R antigen is rate-lim iting and suggest that th e antibody bin d in g and factor V III inactivation reactions, although closely related, are distinct components of this interaction. M aterials and Methods Pooled normal plasma (PNP) from 16 donors and partially purified factor VIII procoagulant activity, p re p a re d using im m u n o ad so rb an t chrom atography as p reviously d escrib ed, w ere th e factor VIII sources used in all studies.7 The latter m aterial had 118 U per dl factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C), 250 U per dl coagulant antigen (VIII C:Ag), and less than 0.03 U per dl of factor VIII related antigen (VIII R:Ag). Factor V III procoagulant activity was m easured by a onestage m ethod using factor VIII deficient plasma as substrate. Factor VIII C:(Ag) and factor VIII R.Ag were m easured by im m unoradiom etric assays as previously d e s c rib e d.1,4 Pooled norm al hum an plasma (100 U per dl) served as standard for m easurem ent of all factor VIII param ete rs. T he antifactor V III containing serum was o b tained from a p a tie n t in w hom antifactor V III activity arose spontaneously. P ro p e rtie s of this antibody have been described in a previous publication.4 Both IgG and Fab' derivatives w ere prepared as previously described.5 Antifactor VIII activity m easurem ents w ere made under conditions suggested by th e B eth esd a conference w ith one u n it of antifactor V III activity being defined as that which inactivates 50 percent of the procoagulant activity of the control sample at the end of two hours.2 W hen dilutions of antibody were used, the antibody tite r was obtained by m ultiplying th e observed value by the dilution factor. To perm it assessment of the effect of in creased salt (0.24M C ac l2) concentrations on the rate of factor VIII inactivation by antibody and su b sequently the antibody titer, the assay system was modified as follows. The initial m ixtures w ere prep ared by incubating 0.9 ml of pooled normal plasma (PNP) w ith 0.1 ml of e ith e r 2.4M C ac l2 or borate buffered saline (BBS). After a 30 m inute incubation at room tem perature, an 0.5 ml aliquot from each PN P solution was incubated with an equal volume of IgG or Fab' antibody preparation in BBS for two hours at 37 C. Factor VIII :C of th ese m ixtures was th en com p ared to control m ixtures in which BBS was incubated with the PNP solutions instead of the antibody preparations. Standard factor VIII dose-response curve was generated on the control mixtures at 30, 60, and 120 m inutes. Aliquots from the antibody-containing solutions w ere rem oved and residual factor VIII activity at each of th ese tim e points was d e te rm in e d based on th e corresponding paired control mixture dose response curves. Assay resu lts at th re e and 15 m in u tes w ere based on the 30 m inute control mixtures. For purposes of comparison, all antibody titers are expressed in B ethesda units. Studies utilizing partially purified factor VIII procoagulant m aterial as a factor VIII source were perform ed in an identical manner. The procoagulant material was initially diluted with BBS to obtain 100 U per dl of factor VIII procoagulant activity to allow calculation of antibody titers. All antibody containing test solutions w ere assayed at a 1:20 dilution in borate buffered saline. The concentration of CaCl2 used to clot assay mixtures containing 0.24M CaCl2 was modified to ensure a final concentration of M CaCl2. Results A n t i b o d y P r e p a r a t io n The antibody preparation used throughout this study had an average B ethesda
3 78 LAZARCHICK unit titer of 600 units when assayed with BBS buffer but a titer of 1380 U when 0.24M CaCl2 was the buffer condition. Its Fab' derivative assayed under each of th ese conditions was 166 and 280 U, respectively. In each case, the average antibody tite r was increased to approximately two fold. Since these results are reflection of static endpoint analysis (end of two hour incubation), th e n e e d to exam ine early points to d eterm in e the effect of the buffer conditions on rate of th e in teractio n was in v estig ated. The approach utilized is shown in figure 1, w ith residual factor VIII procoagulant activity m easurem ents being done at 3, 15, 30, 60, and 120 m inutes. W ith IgG at 1:300 and 1:600 dilutions, equilibrium is reached by the 60 m inute point in the presence of the 0.24M CaCl2 buffer, i.e., th e re is no fu rth e r loss of factor V III activity at the 120 m inute tim e. An additional feature is that the paired antibody dilutions have totally different slopes up to the 60 m inute tim e point. The final residual activity of the 1:300 dilution of IgG in borate buffered saline is similar to the 1:600 dilution in 0.24M calcium chloride buffer, confirm ing the approxim ate two-fold increase in antibody activity u nder the increased ionic strength buffer condition. W hen F ab' derivatives were used as the antibody source, the results are even more dramatic. In 0.24M calcium ch lo rid e buffer, th e in te ra c tion is essentially com pleted by the 15 to 30 m inute tim e period for both dilutions of antibody used. In contrast, in the presence of borate buffered saline, equilibrium was not reached by 60 m inutes. The INCUBATION TIME (Minutes) INCUBATION TIME (M inutes) F ig u r e 1. The rate of factor VIII inactivation by human antifactor antibodies in physiologic borate buffered saline (BBS) versus increased ionic strength (0.24M calcium chloride) buffers. Section A shows IgG; Section B shows Fab' derivative.
4 INHIBITORY EFFECT OF VIII R: ANTIGEN 79 effect on th e e x te n t of th e reaction is again n o ted w ith the 1:100 dilution of antibody in 0.24M calcium chloride buffer having th e sam e final residual activity as the 1:50 dilution of the same antibody in borate buffered saline. R a t e o f F a c t o r VIII I n a c t iv a t io n by A n t i- f a c t o r A n t i b o d i e s W hen these data points are examined in term s of rates of interaction, i.e., unit change in factor V III procoagulant activity per unit tim e, the results are striking (table I). W ith IgG at 1:600 dilution in borate buffered saline, no interaction is evident at the three m inute point. At 15 m inutes, the rate has m axim ized with loss of 1.3 U p er m inute. There is a slight d ecrease in th e rate of procoagulant activity loss by the 30 m inute point, and it is not until the 120 m inute point that the rate is significantly changed. In the presence of calcium chloride, the rate is increased several fold at any point com pared to the borate buffered saline with a maximal rate occurring at th re e m inutes. Subsequent points show the rate to decrease by approximately 50 percent of the previous determ ination. The rates of reaction of the Fab' derivatives show a similar pattern with the initial rate markedly accelerated in the presence of calcium chloride com pared to the borate buffered saline. T i m e C o u r s e o f F a c t o r VIII I n a c t iv a t io n W hen this sam e se q u en tial p aired tim e point analysis is utilized to d e te r m ine residual VIII:C activities and antibody titers, the effect of buffer conditions on the interaction is even more apparent (table II). For purposes of com parison only, all antibody titers based on residual factor VIII :C m easurem ents determ ined before the two hour point are expressed in B ethesda units. A significant differ- TABLE I Rate of Factor VIII Inactivation in Borate Buffered Saline and 0.24M CaCl2 Buffers I n c u b a t io n U n i t s o f V I I I : C A n tib o d y T im e I n a c t i v a t e d p e r M in u te S o u r c e ( M in u te s ) BBS M C a C l2 Ig G 1 : F a b ' 1 : ence can be seen in antibody titers under each buffer condition at each corresponding tim e point. For IgG, at a 1:600 dilution, antibody activity is already apparent at three m inutes in the presence of th e calcium chloride buffer (152 B e thesda units, representing 11 percent of the final titer). By 15 m inutes, 51 percent of the final titer is achieved; by the 60 m in u te p o in t, th e reaction ap p ears to have reached equilibrium and no further change in the titers is noted at the two h o u r point. In co n trast, no antibody interaction is noted w ith the same antibody dilution in borate buffered saline at the three m inute point and only 30 p ercent of the final titers achieved at 15 m inutes. The effect of the increased ionic stre n g th conditions is even m ore p ro nounced on the Fab' interaction with 20 percent of the final titer being noted at three m inutes and 80 percent by 15 minutes. W ith the univalent antibody derivative th e reaction is essen tially com pleted by 30 m inutes. This is in m arked contrast to th e b o rate b u ffered saline conditions in which zero percent, 20 percent, and 31 percent of the final titer is achieved at each com parative point. D is s o c i a t i o n o f F a c t o r VIII To examine the prem ise that the effect of calcium chloride on this reaction is due
5 80 LAZARCHICK to its dissociation of factor VIII thus making factor VIII :C m ore available for interaction w ith antibody, additional experim en ts w ere p erfo rm ed w ith F a b ' and isolated factor VIILC procoagulant m aterial. The results are shown in table III. Only the 30, 60, and 120 m inute time points were examined. If the accelerating effect n o ted w ith th e in creased ionic strength solutions w ere due to dissociation of factor V III alone, the antibody reaction w ith isolated procoagulant m aterial u n d er eith er salt condition should show sim ilar rates of in te ractio n and, therefore, sim ilar antibody tite r values should be p re se n t at each tim e point. Again with the calcium chloride solution, the reaction is essentially com pleted at the 30 m inute point similar to the experim ent when PNP was used as a factor V III source. An in te rm e d ia te effect, however, is noted in the presence of the b o rate b u ffered saline. T he two hour antibody tite r is not significantly different than the results in calcium chloride at the same tim e point. However, a distinct difference in titer is evident at 30 m inutes; even at 60 m inutes, the reaction is only 86 percent com pleted. There appears to be retardation interaction in the presence of borate buffered saline com pared to the calcium chloride condition. Similar results w ere noted with TABLE I I Time Course of Factor V III Inactivation by Antibody in Borate Buffered Saline and 0.24M CaCl2 Anti- Residual V I I I :C per Antibody T ite r body Incubation Time (Minutes) Source B u ffer IgG BBS 0 / / / / / :6 0 0 (0 %) (30%) (55%) (90%) ( %) 0.24M C ac l2 8 3 /1 5 2 ( 1 1 %) 4 4 /7 0 8 (51%) 3 2 /9 8 0 (72%) / (103%) 2 0 / ( %) F a b BBS 0 / / / / / :1 0 0 ( 0 %) ( 2 0 %) (39%) (76%) ( %) 0.24M C a d /5 0 ( 2 1 %) 2 6 /1 9 0 (79%) 1 8 /2 5 0 (104%) 1 9 /2 4 0 ( %) 1 9 /2 4 0 ( %) N um bers i n p a r e n t h e s e s a r e p e r c e n t o f e a c h a n tib o d y t i t e r r e l a t i v e t o f i n a l t i t e r d e te r m in e d a t t h e tw o h o u r p o i n t. A n t i bo dy S o u rc e F a b 1 1 :1 0 0 TABLE I I I Time Course of Inactivation of Isolated Procoagulant Factor VIII by Antibody in Borate Buffered Saline and 0.24M CaCl2 BBS B u f f e r 0.24M C ac l2 A n t ib o d y T i t e r (U p e r d l ) I n c u b a t i o n Tim e (M inutes.) (56% ) 180(92% ) 130(86% ) 196(100% ) 152(100% ) 195(100% ) N um bers i n p a r e n t h e s e s a r e p e r c e n t o f e a c h a n tib o d y t i t e r r e l a t i v e t o t h e f i n a l t i t e r d e te r m in e d a t tw o h o u r p o i n t. IgG as th e antibody source; therefore, this effect on reaction rates is not due to a property of the valency of the antibody per se. The basis for this difference is uncertain, but several possibilities can be suggested. The increased cation/anion concentrations could have an effect on the rate of the interaction independent of their dissociating effect on factor VIII. It is also conceivable that the isolated procoagulant m aterial behaves in an anom alous m an n e r in th e p resen ce of borate buffered saline with a tendency to polym erize m aking some VIILC inaccessible or small amounts of undetectable factor VIII:R antigen are present causing association to occur in the presence of borate buffered saline. If the latter is the case, the reassociation is not com plete since the rate at 30 m inutes is faster and th e p e rc e n t of final antibody tite r is greater (56 p ercen t versus 39 percent) than when pooled normal plasma is used as a factor VIII source. Discussion T hese stu d ies confirm th e approxim ately tw o-fold increase in apparen t antifactor V III antibody tite r of intact IgG and its F a b ' d eriv ativ e w hen the assays are p e rfo rm ed u n d e r increased ionic stre n g th conditions. Since this effect of salt conditions was abolished w hen isolated procoagulant m aterial
6 INHIBITORY EFFECT OF VIII R: ANTIGEN 81 devoid of any m easu rab le factor V III antigen was used, it was suggested by us that the increase in titer was probably due to th e in creased m olarity causing dissociation of the factor V III complex w ith th e pro co ag u lan t p o rtio n of the bim olecular factor V III com plex th en being m ore readily accessible to a n tibody. Since this conclusion was based on endpoint determ inations, there were no means of analyzing for an effect of the salt conditions on the rate of the interaction. From the data presented here, it is now apparent that the effect is not only due to dissociation of the factor VIII complex, but also a direct acceleration of the rate of interaction of factor VIII procoagulant antigen and antibody. This contribution of increased salt concentrations to the rate of interaction is a p p aren t w hen a com parison of tim e courses of factor V III inactivation are examined under both buffer conditions and is most evident when initial rates of inactivation are examined. For example, at 15 m in u tes b oth IgG and F a b ' are inactivating factor V III at a rate th ree tim es faster in th e 0.24M calcium chloride buffer than in the borate buffered saline. The comparative acceleration of factor V III inactivation, although lessen ed as th e reactio n p ro ceeds, is still apparent at each assay tim e point during the two hours incubation. The effect of this rate acceleration is to shorten the reaction equilibrium time. Using the two hours endpoint as the reference for the maximum antibody titer and maximum extent of interaction, it is evident that in 0.24M calcium chloride the maximum IgG effect is reached at the 60 m inute and th e F a b ' at th e 30 m inute assay points. W ith the latter antibody even by 15 m inutes, approximately 80 percent of the reaction is com plete versus only 20 percent in the borate buffered saline. That this apparent change in antibody titer is not only due to an effect of the increased salt conditions on the rate of the reaction but also a dissociating effect on the factor V III com plex is e v id en t from the extent of the reaction. At the two hour point, the same dilution of antibody and, therefore, the same num ber of antibody molecules m ore extensively inactivate factor VIII in calcium chloride than in borate buffered saline. Since the num ber of factor VIII molecules is the sam e in both m ixtures, i.e., sam e p ro coagulant activity, the increased salt conditions abolish the protective effect of the factor VIILR antigen on VIII:C and more procoagulant molecules are accessible to inactivation by antibody. The results using isolated procoagulant material support this interpretation. In this case, final two hour titers obtained in e ith er buffer condition w ere essentially the same, implying that the extent of the reaction is influenced only by the physicochem ical properties of the p ro coagulant material. In a dissociated state it is readily accessible to antibody attack; however, when bound, some of the factor VIII:C sites are inaccessible. It is conceivable that if the reaction under borate buffered saline conditions w ere allowed to proceed beyond the two hour point (the limit imposed by the Bethesda Conference), even these sites may become available. W hen the tim e course of inactivation is examined, the secondary effect of salt to increase the rate of reaction is evident. By 30 m inutes, 92 percent of th e F a b ' reaction is co m p leted in th e presence of 0.24M calcium chloride but only 56 percent in the presence of borate buffered saline. P relim in ary data m easuring factor VIII :C antigen with human rad io lab eled F a b ' anti-factor antibody would suggest the rate of antibody binding to the antigen site is similar to the factor VIII procoagulant m olecule either in its associated form with factor VIILR antigen or in its dissociated form. This finding in conjunction w ith th e inactivation data shown here strongly suggest that (1) the antigen binding site on the procoagulant portion is distinct from the procoagulant site, and (2) inactivation of
7 82 LAZARCHICK the procoagulant site on the intact factor VIII molecule involves an initial binding with antibody and a secondary loss of factor V IILC, perhaps through a steric change in the m olecule which is rate-limited by the presence of factor VIILR antigen. O ur previous d em o n stratio n of unexpectedly small im m une complexes resulting from this interaction are consistent w ith these conclusions.3 This difference in availability of procoagulant sites has also been suggested in a report by M ontgomery and co-workers who found a difference in factor VIII procoagulant activity and factor V IILC antigen in a patient with a variant form of von Willebrand s disease.6 These studies support the concept that factor VIII is a complex of two molecular weight species and that at least in vitro th e p rese n c e of factor V IIL R antigen would appear to interfere with the rapidity that which antibody can react with the procoagulant portion of factor VIII molecule. These studies have fu rth er im plications in that they suggest the conventional m ethod for calculating antibody titers in Bethesda units, although a much needed reference system for comparing antibody titers betw een different laboratories, may be an inadequate indication of antibody concentration which would tend to underestim ate antibody activity in vivo. This has a clinical corollary in that treatm ent of patients who have antibodies w ith am ounts of factor V III replacem ent therapy, based on Bethesda tite r calculations, often resu lts in th e recovery of low er levels of factor VIII activity post infusion than anticipated. References 1. H o v e r, L. W. : Im m unologic studies of antihem ophilicfactor(ahf, factorviii). IV. Radioimmunoassay of A H F antigen. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 80: , K a s p e r, C. K., A l e d o r t, L. M., C o u n t s, R. B., E d s o n, J. R., F r a n t a n t o n i, J., G r e e n, D., H a m p t o n, J. W., H e l g a r t n e r, M. W., L a z e r - s o n, J., L e v i n e, P. H., M c M i l l a n, C. W., P o o l, J. G., S h a p i r o, S. S., S h u l m a n, N. R., and v a n E y s, J. : A more uniform measurement of factor VIII inhibitors. Throm b. Diath. Haem orrh. 34: , L a z a r c h i c k, J. : The effect of the physiochemical state of factor VIII on its interaction with human antibodies. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 14: , L a z a r c h i c k, J. and H o y e r, L. W. : Immunoradiometric measurement of the factor VIII procoagulant antigen. J. Clin. Invest. 6 2 : , L a z a r c h i c k, J. and H o y e r, L. W. : The properties o f im m une com plexes formed by human an tib od ies to factor VIII. J. C lin. In vest. 60: , M o n t g o m e r y, R. R., H a t h w a y, W. E., J o h n s o n, J., J a c o b s o n, L., and M u n t e a n, W. : A variant of von Willebrand s disease with abnormal expression of factor VIII procoagulant activity. Blood 60: , T u d d e n h a m, E. D. G., T r a h o l d, N. C., C o l l i n s, J. A., a n d H o y e r, L. W.: T h e p r o p e r t i e s o f f a c t o r VIII c o a g u l a n t a c t i v i t y p r e p a r e d b y i m m u - n o a d s o r b e n t c h r o m a t o g r a p h y. J. L a b. C l i n. M e d. 93:40-53, 1979.
Effect of Methods of Platelet Resuspension on Stored Platelets
ANNALS O F CLINICAL AND LABORATORY S C IEN C E, Vol. 14, No. 5 Copyright 1984, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Effect of Methods of Platelet Resuspension on Stored Platelets THOMAS KIRALY, M.A., S.B.B.
More informationEKOLOGIE EN SYSTEMATIEK. T h is p a p e r n o t to be c i t e d w ith o u t p r i o r r e f e r e n c e to th e a u th o r. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY.
EKOLOGIE EN SYSTEMATIEK Ç.I.P.S. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE POLLUTION IN NORT H SEA. TECHNICAL REPORT 1971/O : B i o l. I T h is p a p e r n o t to be c i t e d w ith o u t p r i o r r e f e r e n c e to
More informationC o r p o r a t e l i f e i n A n c i e n t I n d i a e x p r e s s e d i t s e l f
C H A P T E R I G E N E S I S A N D GROWTH OF G U IL D S C o r p o r a t e l i f e i n A n c i e n t I n d i a e x p r e s s e d i t s e l f i n a v a r i e t y o f f o r m s - s o c i a l, r e l i g i
More informationA L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W
A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W Volume 52 Fall 2000 Number 1 B E F O R E D I S A B I L I T Y C I V I L R I G HT S : C I V I L W A R P E N S I O N S A N D TH E P O L I T I C S O F D I S A B I L I T Y I N
More informationNov Julien Michel
Int roduct ion t o Free Ene rgy Calculat ions ov. 2005 Julien Michel Predict ing Binding Free Energies A A Recept or B B Recept or Can we predict if A or B will bind? Can we predict the stronger binder?
More informationProtein- Ligand Interactions
Protein- Ligand Interactions Outline Introduction Interm olecular bonding forces Electrostatic or ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds Van der Waals interactions Dipole- dipole and ion- dipole interactions Repulsive
More informationForm and content. Iowa Research Online. University of Iowa. Ann A Rahim Khan University of Iowa. Theses and Dissertations
University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Theses and Dissertations 1979 Form and content Ann A Rahim Khan University of Iowa Posted with permission of the author. This thesis is available at Iowa Research
More informationIsolation o f T Lymphocyte Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using Monoclonal A ntilym phocyte Antibodies*
ANNALS O F CLINICAL A N D LABORATORY SC IE N C E, Vol. 15, No. 1 Copyright 1985, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Isolation o f T Lymphocyte Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using Monoclonal A ntilym
More informationLSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1976 Infestation of Root Nodules of Soybean by Larvae of the Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma Trifurcata
More informationInterpretation of Laboratory Results Using M ultidimensional Scaling and Principal C om ponent Analysis*
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 17, No. 6 Copyright 1987, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Interpretation of Laboratory Results Using M ultidimensional Scaling and Principal C om ponent
More informationEffect of Bromide and Iodide on Chloride M ethodologies in Plasma or Serum*f
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 10, No. 6 Copyright 1980, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Effect of Bromide and Iodide on Chloride M ethodologies in Plasma or Serum*f C A TH ERIN E
More informationThe Ability C ongress held at the Shoreham Hotel Decem ber 29 to 31, was a reco rd breaker for winter C ongresses.
The Ability C ongress held at the Shoreham Hotel Decem ber 29 to 31, was a reco rd breaker for winter C ongresses. Attended by m ore than 3 00 people, all seem ed delighted, with the lectu res and sem
More informationGENETIC ALGORlIHMS WITH AN APPLICATION TO NONLINEAR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
101 GENETIC ALGORlIHMS WITH AN APPLICATION TO NONLINEAR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS MATTHEW HOBBS ISOR, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY WELLINGTON Abstract In this paper I will describe the theory and implementation of
More informationc. What is the average rate of change of f on the interval [, ]? Answer: d. What is a local minimum value of f? Answer: 5 e. On what interval(s) is f
Essential Skills Chapter f ( x + h) f ( x ). Simplifying the difference quotient Section. h f ( x + h) f ( x ) Example: For f ( x) = 4x 4 x, find and simplify completely. h Answer: 4 8x 4 h. Finding the
More informationA Study of Drink Driving and Recidivism in the State of Victoria Australia, during the Fiscal Years 1992/ /96 (Inclusive)
A Study of Drink Driving and Recidivism in the State of Victia Australia, during the Fiscal Years 1992/93-1995/96 (Inclusive) M ichael M o l o n e y, D iane P a l a ia V ictia Police Fce, T raffic A lcohol
More informationSodium-Initiated Polymerization of Alpha- Methylstyrene in the Vicinity of Its Reported Ceiling Temperature
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-1976 Sodium-Initiated Polymerization of Alpha- Methylstyrene in the Vicinity of Its Reported Ceiling Temperature Shuenn-long
More informationS ca le M o d e l o f th e S o la r Sy ste m
N a m e ' D a t e ' S ca le M o d e l o f th e S o la r Sy ste m 6.1 I n t r o d u c t i o n T h e S olar System is large, at least w hen com pared to distances we are fam iliar w ith on a day-to-day basis.
More informationLarge chunks. voids. Use of Shale in Highway Embankments
Use of Shale in Highway Embankments C. W. Lovell R esearch Engineer Joint Highway R esearch Project School of Civil E ngineering P urdue University IN T R O D U C T IO N Poor perform ance of m idw estern
More informationHuman Coagulation Factor XII Total Antigen ELISA Kit
Human Coagulation Factor XII Total Antigen ELISA Kit Catalog No: IHFXIIKT-TOT Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE This human coagulation Factor XII antigen assay is intended for the quantitative determination
More informationAdaptation o f EMIT D rug Assays to a Random-Access Automated Clinical Analyzer*
AN N A LS O F CLINICAL A N D LABORATORY SC IE N C E, Vol. 15, No. 1, Copyright 1985, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Adaptation o f EMIT D rug Assays to a Random-Access Automated Clinical Analyzer*
More informationOptimization and Evaluation of Cardiac Enzym es and Isoenzym es M easured on a Random Access Analyzer
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 15, No. 5 Copyright 1985, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Optimization and Evaluation of Cardiac Enzym es and Isoenzym es M easured on a Random Access
More informationReal Gas Equation of State for Methane
Kaliningrad 2012 1. Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/environment/eurovi/index_ en. htm, p. 130. 2. Payne J. F. B., Skyrme G. Int.
More informationTotal Red Cell Volume in Healthy Young Males
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 8, No. 5 Copyright 1978, Institute for Clinical Science Total Red Cell Volume in Healthy Young Males BERNARD S. MORSE, M.D. Division of Hematology of the
More informationF O R M T H R E E K enya C ertificate of Secondary E ducation
N a m e : A d m. N o...... D a t e : C la ss:.... 565/1 FO R M 3 B U S I N E S S S T U D I E S P A P E R 1 T I M E : 2 H O U R S T R I A L 6 2 0 1 8 FO R M 3 B U S I N E S S S T U D I E S P A P E R 1 T
More informationChapter 5 Workshop on Fitting of Linear Data
Chapter 5 Workshop on Fitting of Linear Data (Contributed by E.L. Allen, SJSU) 5.0 Learning Objectives After successfully com pleting this laboratory workshop, including the assigned reading, the lab repot
More informationOPTIMISATION PROCESSES IN TIDAL ANALYSIS
OPTIMISATION PROCESSES IN TIDAL ANALYSIS by M. T. M u r r a y Liverpool Tid al In stitu te Introduction An analysis of tidal observations is norm ally carried out, not as an end in itself, but in order
More informationM a rtin H. B r e e n, M.S., Q u i T. D a n g, M.S., J o se p h T. J a in g, B.S., G reta N. B o y d,
The effect of a one for the road drink of hard liquor, beer or wine on peak breath alcohol concentration in a social drinking environment with food consumption M a rtin H. B r e e n, M.S., Q u i T. D a
More informationSpontaneous reactions occur only between the reactants shown in red.
Energy revision Solutions Question 1 The react io n b et w een so lut io n s of h yd roch lo ric acid an d so d ium h yd roxid e can b e rep resen t ed b y t h e f o llow in g eq uat io n. HCl(aq ) + NaOH(aq
More information(2009) Journal of Rem ote Sensing (, 2006) 2. 1 (, 1999), : ( : 2007CB714402) ;
100724619 (2009) 0220183207 Journal of Rem ote Sensing 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1 1., 100101; 2., 100049; 3., 100080 :,,, 3, ( ),1%,, :,,, : TP79 : A 1 20,,,,;, (, 1999),,,,, (, 2006),,,,, 2 2. 1 : 2007209217; :
More informationThermodynamic properties, mesomorphic transitions and recycling behaviour of cholesteryl laurate using DSC technique
M i a n ]. Phys. 64A (6 ), 4 8 5-4 8 9 (1 9 9 0 ) Thermodynamic properties, mesomorphic transitions and recycling behaviour of cholesteryl laurate using DSC technique Jagdish Shukla '' Departm ent of P
More informationKinetic Determination of Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase by the GEMSAEC
ANNALS OF CLINICA L A N D LABORATORY SC IE N C E, V ol. 10, N o. 3 Copyright 1980, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Kinetic Determination of Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase by the GEMSAEC LYNN CROOK,
More informationT he poisoning of a palladium catalyst by carbon m onoxide
T he poisoning of a palladium catalyst by carbon m onoxide By M. G. T. Burrows and W. H. Stookmayer Leoline Jenkins Laboratories, Jesus College, Oxford (i Communicated by D. L. Chapman, F.R.8. Received
More informationWhat are S M U s? SMU = Software Maintenance Upgrade Software patch del iv ery u nit wh ich once ins tal l ed and activ ated prov ides a point-fix for
SMU 101 2 0 0 7 C i s c o S y s t e m s, I n c. A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d. 1 What are S M U s? SMU = Software Maintenance Upgrade Software patch del iv ery u nit wh ich once ins tal l ed and activ
More informationС-4. Simulation of Smoke Particles Coagulation in the Exhaust System of Piston Engine
Kaliningrad 2012 Simulation of Smoke Particles Coagulation in the Exhaust System of Piston Engine С-4 Sergey M. Frolov1, Konstantin A. Avdeev1, Vladislav S. Ivanov1, Branislav Basara2, Peter Priesching2,
More informationH STO RY OF TH E SA NT
O RY OF E N G L R R VER ritten for the entennial of th e Foundin g of t lair oun t y on ay 8 82 Y EEL N E JEN K RP O N! R ENJ F ] jun E 3 1 92! Ph in t ed b y h e t l a i r R ep u b l i c a n O 4 1922
More informationAgenda Rationale for ETG S eek ing I d eas ETG fram ew ork and res u lts 2
Internal Innovation @ C is c o 2 0 0 6 C i s c o S y s t e m s, I n c. A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d. C i s c o C o n f i d e n t i a l 1 Agenda Rationale for ETG S eek ing I d eas ETG fram ew ork
More informationFew thoughts on PFA, from the calorim etric point of view
1 Few thoughts on PFA, from the calorim etric point of view discussing pad siz e, M oliere radius, distance from the interaction point. H enri Videau 2 H ave you had anytim e a close view at show ers?
More information2 Semester Final Exam Study Guide
Vista Murrieta High School Advanced Placem ent Biology G. Nicholas nd 2 Semester Final Exam Study Guide The following questions will potentially be on the final exam. Answer all questions in an outline
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a preprint version which may differ from the publisher's version. For additional information about this
More informationRotary D ie-cut System RD series. RD series. Rotary D ie-cut System
Rotary D ie-cut System RD series RD series Rotary D ie-cut System Si m p l e, h i g h q u a l i t y, c o m p a c t r o t a r y Di e -c u t s y s t e Improve your die cutting process! Easy change over the
More informationComparative Analyses of Teacher Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in a Traditional and an Openspace
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations June 1975 Comparative Analyses of Teacher Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in a Traditional
More informationI zm ir I nstiute of Technology CS Lecture Notes are based on the CS 101 notes at the University of I llinois at Urbana-Cham paign
I zm ir I nstiute of Technology CS - 1 0 2 Lecture 1 Lecture Notes are based on the CS 101 notes at the University of I llinois at Urbana-Cham paign I zm ir I nstiute of Technology W hat w ill I learn
More information10/16/17 ACIDS AND BASES, DEFINED WATER IS AMPHOTERIC OUTLINE. 9.1 Properties of Acids and Bases. 9.2 ph. 9.3 Buffers
ACIDS AND BASES, DEFINED A hydrogen atom contains a proton and an electron, thus a hydrogen ion (H + ) is a proton: Acids: Proton (H + ) transfer between molecules is the basis of acid/base chemistry Ø
More informationHuman Papillomavirus Antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit
Human Papillomavirus Antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit Catalog No. CSB-E08782h (96 tests) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro semi-quantitative determination of human papillomavirus antibody(igg) concentrations
More informationVon Willebrand Factor and von Willebrand s Disease: A Complex Protein and a Complex Disease
ANNALS O F CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIEN CE, Vol. 19, No. 3 Copyright 1989, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Von Willebrand Factor and von Willebrand s Disease: A Complex Protein and a Complex Disease
More informationProcedures for Computing Classification Consistency and Accuracy Indices with Multiple Categories
esearcli R eport Semes 2 0 0 0 Procedures for Computing Classification Consistency and Accuracy Indices with Multiple Categories Won-Chan Lee Bradley A. Hanson Robert L. Brennan ACT O c t o b e r For additional
More informationLight-absorbing capacity of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Gdańsk in May, 1987
Light-absorbing capacity of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Gdańsk in May, 1987 O C E A N O L O G IA, 28, 1990 P L ISSN 0078-3234 P h y to p lan k to n C hlorophyll L ight-absorbing capacity Pigm ent index
More informationUniversity Microfilms
University Microfilms International * i---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART N ATIO NAL HI IH l A l l o t ST AN PAR P S II A
More informationHuman Coagulation Factor X Total Antigen ELISA Kit
Human Coagulation Factor X Total Antigen ELISA Kit Catalog No: IHFXKT-TOT Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE This human coagulation Factor X antigen assay is intended for the quantitative determination of total
More informationOn the M in imum Spann ing Tree Determ ined by n Poin ts in the Un it Square
Vol. 14 No. CH INESE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF M ATHEM ATICS June 1999 On the M in imum Spann ing Tree Determ ined by n Poin ts in the Un it Square Ye J ichang ( ) Xu Yinfeng ( ) Xu Chengxian ( ) (X iπan J
More informationTransverse curvature effects on turbulent boundary layers.
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations 4-1-1969 Transverse curvature effects on turbulent boundary layers. M. C. Joseph University of Windsor Follow this and
More informationResults as of 30 September 2018
rt Results as of 30 September 2018 F r e e t r a n s l a t ion f r o m t h e o r ig ina l in S p a n is h. I n t h e e v e n t o f d i s c r e p a n c y, t h e Sp a n i s h - la n g u a g e v e r s ion
More informationThe Construction and Testing of a New Empathy Rating Scale
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1980 The Construction and Testing of a New Empathy Rating Scale Gary D. Gray Western Michigan University Follow this and
More information(IGBP) km 2,? PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y. V o l. 20, N o. 4 D ec., 2001 : (2001) m m 3,
20 4 2001 12 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y V o l. 20, N o. 4 D ec., 2001 : 100726301 (2001) 0420355209, (, 100101) :, 501 mm 502 mm, 765 10 8 m 3 638 10 8 m 3, 127 10 8 m 3,,, ;, : ; ; : P42616; P343 : A
More informationcgmp ELISA Kit (Direct Competitive) Based on Monoclonal Anti-cGMP Antibody
(FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. DO NOT USE IT IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS!) cgmp ELISA Kit (Direct Competitive) Based on Monoclonal Anti-cGMP Antibody Catalog No: E-EL-DS02 96T This manual must be read attentively and
More informationCarcino embryonic Antigen Human ELISA Kit
ab108635 Carcino embryonic Antigen Human ELISA Kit Instructions for Use For the quantitative measurement of Human Carcino embryonic Antigen (CEA) concentrations in serum. This product is for research use
More informationA Comparison of Two Methods of Teaching Computer Programming to Secondary Mathematics Students.
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1983 A Comparison of Two Methods of Teaching Computer Programming to Secondary Mathematics Students.
More informationOH BOY! Story. N a r r a t iv e a n d o bj e c t s th ea t e r Fo r a l l a g e s, fr o m th e a ge of 9
OH BOY! O h Boy!, was or igin a lly cr eat ed in F r en ch an d was a m a jor s u cc ess on t h e Fr en ch st a ge f or young au di enc es. It h a s b een s een by ap pr ox i ma t ely 175,000 sp ect at
More informationHuman anti-ganglioside IgG antibody (GM1-IgG) ELISA Kit
Human anti-ganglioside IgG antibody (GM1-IgG) ELISA Kit Catalog No. CSB-E09694h (96 tests) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro semi-quantitative determination of human GM1-IgG concentrations in
More informationA Study of Protein-A of Staphylococcus Aureus of Bovine Origin.
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1973 A Study of Protein-A of Staphylococcus Aureus of Bovine Origin. Joseph Woodrow Pankey Jr Louisiana
More informationRebecca G. Frederick L ouisiana State U niversity D epartm ent of E xperim ental Statistics
USING ODS W ITH PROC UNIVARIATE Rebecca G. Frederick L ouisiana State U niversity D epartm ent of E xperim ental Statistics South CentralS A S U sers G roup 1 ABSTRACT P ro c U n iv a ria te is u se d
More informationFor the quantitative determination of IgE in equine serum and plasma. For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
IgE (Equine) ELISA For the quantitative determination of IgE in equine serum and plasma For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog Number: 41-IGEEQ-E01 Size: 96 wells Version:
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MHD-PROBLEMS ON THE BASIS OF VARIATIONAL APPROACH
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MHD-PROBLEMS ON THE BASIS OF VARIATIONAL APPROACH V.M. G o lo v izn in, A.A. Sam arskii, A.P. Favor s k i i, T.K. K orshia In s t it u t e o f A p p lie d M athem atics,academy
More informationRat Prolactin ELISA Kit
Rat Prolactin ELISA Kit Catalog No: IRPRLKT Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE This rat prolactin antigen assay is intended for the quantitative determination of prolactin antigen in rat plasma. For research
More informationHuman anti-ige receptor antibody ELISA Kit
Human anti-ige receptor antibody ELISA Kit Catalog No. MBS702743 (96 T) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro semi-quantitative determination of human anti-ige receptor antibody concentrations in
More informationSPU TTERIN G F R O M A LIQ U ID -PH A SE G A -IN EUTECTIC ALLOY KEVIN M A R K H U B B A R D YALE UNIVER SITY M A Y
SPU TTERIN G F R O M A LIQ U ID -PH A SE G A -IN EUTECTIC ALLOY KEVIN M A R K H U B B A R D YALE UNIVER SITY M A Y 1 9 8 9 ABSTRACT S p u t t e r i n g f r o m a L i q u i d - P h a s e G a - I n E u t
More informationPluripotent Hem opoietic Stem Cells in Murine Postmortem Bone Marrow
ANNALS OF CLINICAL A N D LABORATORY SC IENCE, Vol. 10, No. 1 Copyright 1980, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Pluripotent Hem opoietic Stem Cells in Murine Postmortem Bone Marrow PAUL I. LIU, M.D.,
More informationHuman Anti-Ovary Antibody (IgG)ELISA Kit
Human Anti-Ovary Antibody (IgG)ELISA Kit Catalog No. MBS703636 (96 tests) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro semi-quantitative determination of human Anti-Ovary Antibody(IgG) concentrations in
More informationVisceral mass and reticulorumen volume of differing biological types of beef cattle by Eddie L Fredrickson
Visceral mass and reticulorumen volume of differing biological types of beef cattle by Eddie L Fredrickson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
More informationGrain Reserves, Volatility and the WTO
Grain Reserves, Volatility and the WTO Sophia Murphy Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy www.iatp.org Is v o la tility a b a d th in g? De pe n d s o n w h e re yo u s it (pro d uc e r, tra d e
More informationA Study of Attitude Changes of Selected Student- Teachers During the Student-Teaching Experience.
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1973 A Study of Attitude Changes of Selected Student- Teachers During the Student-Teaching Experience.
More informationHuman anti-gliadin antibody (IgA)ELISA Kit
Human anti-gliadin antibody (IgA)ELISA Kit Catalog No. MBS701727 (96 tests) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro semi-quantitative determination of human anti-gliadin antibody(iga) concentrations
More informationAnalysing Plasma Coagulation Time
Project: Analysing Plasma Coagulation Time Analysis of Nanoparticle Effects on Plasma Coagulation Time in vitro AUTHORED BY: DATE: Neill Liptrott 02-02-2016 REVIEWED BY: DATE: Matthias Roesslein 21-02-2016
More informationAlles Taylor & Duke, LLC Bob Wright, PE RECORD DRAWINGS. CPOW Mini-Ed Conf er ence Mar ch 27, 2015
RECORD DRAWINGS CPOW Mini-Ed Conf er ence Mar ch 27, 2015 NOMENCLATURE: Record Draw ings?????? What Hap p ened t o As- Built s?? PURPOSE: Fur n ish a Reco r d o f Co m p o n en t s Allo w Locat io n o
More informationDRG International Inc., USA Web:
This kit is intended for Research Use Only This kit is not intended for in vitro diagnostic use. INTENDED USE This Human Adiponectin (ACRP30) ELISA kit is used for the non-radioactive determination of
More informationHuman Plasmin/Antiplasmin Complex ELISA Kit
Human Plasmin/Antiplasmin Complex ELISA Kit Catalog No: IHPAPKT-COM Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE Human plasmin/antiplasmin (PAP) complex assay is intended for the quantitative determination of the covalent
More informationV o l. 21, N o. 2 M ar., 2002 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y ,, 2030, (KZ9522J 12220) E2m ail: w igsnrr1ac1cn
21 2 2002 3 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y V o l. 21, N o. 2 M ar., 2002 : 100726301 (2002) 022121209 30, (, 100101) : 30,, 2030 16, 3,, 2030,,, 2030, 13110 6 hm 2 2010 2030 420 kg 460 kg, 5 79610 8 kg7 36010
More informationANTICYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES AND WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS
J P^ Cynthia Ml Iler, M.D, September 1989 ANTICYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES AND WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS Background Wegener's granulomatosis, a disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by a granulomatous
More informationINTERIM MANAGEMENT REPORT FIRST HALF OF 2018
INTERIM MANAGEMENT REPORT FIRST HALF OF 2018 F r e e t r a n s l a t ion f r o m t h e o r ig ina l in S p a n is h. I n t h e e v e n t o f d i s c r e p a n c y, t h e Sp a n i s h - la n g u a g e v
More informationSoil disturbance during continuous flight auger piling in sand
Soil disturbance during continuous flight auger piling in sand Perturbation du sol au cours de forage à la tarière en milieu sableux M.J.Kenny & K. Z. Andrawes - Department of Civil Engineering, University
More informationChapter 5. Self-condensation of acetophenone
Chapter 5 Self-condensation of acetophenone 5.1. Introduction D ypnone is a useful intermediate for the production o f a large range o f compounds. It has been used as a softening agent, plastisizer and
More informationA QUALITATIVE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELEMENTS IN TEETH BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION AND HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA SPECTROMETRY
T he J ournal of th e D.A.S.A, of trace-elements in human blood and tissues. The accuracy of this analytical method has led to its use in the medicolegal field. Hair, even hundreds of years old, can be
More informationClass Diagrams. CSC 440/540: Software Engineering Slide #1
Class Diagrams CSC 440/540: Software Engineering Slide # Topics. Design class diagrams (DCDs) 2. DCD development process 3. Associations and Attributes 4. Dependencies 5. Composition and Constraints 6.
More informationTable of C on t en t s Global Campus 21 in N umbe r s R e g ional Capac it y D e v e lopme nt in E-L e ar ning Structure a n d C o m p o n en ts R ea
G Blended L ea r ni ng P r o g r a m R eg i o na l C a p a c i t y D ev elo p m ent i n E -L ea r ni ng H R K C r o s s o r d e r u c a t i o n a n d v e l o p m e n t C o p e r a t i o n 3 0 6 0 7 0 5
More informationIrradiation Effect On Aging Red Blood Cells*
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 21, No. 6 Copyright 1991, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Irradiation Effect On Aging Red Blood Cells* ELAINE K. JETER, M.D., RICHARD H. GADSDEN, Ph
More informationCA125 (Human) ELISA Kit
CA125 (Human) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA0205 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General
More informationHuman von Willebrand Factor, vwf ELISA Kit
Human von Willebrand Factor, vwf ELISA Kit Catalog No: E0833h 96 Tests Operating instruction www.eiaab.com FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY; NOT FOR THERAPEUTIC OR DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS! PLEASE READ THROUGH ENTIRE
More informationThe Effects of Physica l and Chem ica l Cond ition s on Form ing M ycelia l Pellet of P hanerochaete ch rysosp orium and B iosorption of L ead
1999 1 ENV IRONM EN TAL SC IEN CE Jan, 1999 3 (, 361005 E2m ail: kelqb@ jingxian xm u edu cn) (, 361005), (P hanerochaete ch ry sosp orium ) Pb 2+, ph 415, 10 6 gm l, 80 011%, 150rgm in, 39 3d, 115 117mm,,,
More informationFunctional pottery [slide]
Functional pottery [slide] by Frank Bevis Fabens A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts Montana State University Copyright by Frank Bevis Fabens
More informationResolving immunohematology Case Studies
Lorena I. Aranda MLS(ASCP) CM SBB Assistant Director Immunohematology Reference Lab QualTex Laboratory San Antonio, TX/Atlanta, GA SEABB March 2014 Program Objectives Describe the appropriate immunohematological
More informationStudy of Forensic and Clinical Source Hemoglobin Interference with the dupont aca Ethanol Method
ANNALS O F CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIEN CE, Vol. 16, No. 5 Copyright 1986, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Study of Forensic and Clinical Source Hemoglobin Interference with the dupont aca Ethanol
More informationThe Ind ian Mynah b ird is no t fro m Vanuat u. It w as b ro ug ht here fro m overseas and is now causing lo t s o f p ro b lem s.
The Ind ian Mynah b ird is no t fro m Vanuat u. It w as b ro ug ht here fro m overseas and is now causing lo t s o f p ro b lem s. Mynah b ird s p ush out nat ive b ird s, com p et ing for food and p laces
More informationClinical Interpretations of the M easurem ent of F olic Acid and Vitamin B12 in Neuromuscular Disease
ANNALS O F C L IN IC A L A ND LABORATORY SCIEN C E, Vol. 6, No. 2 Copyright 1976, Institute for Clinical Science Clinical Interpretations of the M easurem ent of F olic Acid and Vitamin B12 in Neuromuscular
More informationThe Human IgD ELISA KIT is a highly sensitive two-site enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) for measuring IgD in Human Biological Samples.
Human IgD ELISA KIT Cat. No.:DEIA7956 Pkg.Size:96T Intended use The Human IgD ELISA KIT is a highly sensitive two-site enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) for measuring IgD in Human Biological Samples. General
More informationImpact of Drink-drive Enforcement and Public Education Programs in Victoria, Australia
Impact of Drink-drive Enforcement and Public Education Programs in Victoria, Australia D avid H ealy, T ransport A ccident C om m ission B A C K G R O U N D In D ecem ber 1989, the T ransport A ccident
More informationAn Applied Equation Inter-Relating Stewart s Parameter and Non- Respiratory Hydrogen Ion Concentration in Arterial Blood Gas
International Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IJCCLM) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2019, PP 23-28 ISSN No. (Online) 2455-7153 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-7153.0501004 www.arcjournals.org
More informationAPPLICATION OF AUTOMATION IN THE STUDY AND PREDICTION OF TIDES AT THE FRENCH NAVAL HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE
APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION IN THE STUDY AND PREDICTION OF TIDES AT THE FRENCH NAVAL HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE by L. R o u m é g o u x Ingénieur H ydrographe en Chef, C hief of the T idal Section The considerable
More informationIgG (Rabbit) ELISA Kit
IgG (Rabbit) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2017 96 assays Version: 04 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General
More informationFKSZ2.E Drivers for Light-emitting-diode Arrays, Modules and Controllers - Component
FKSZ2.E334687 - Drivers for Light-emitting-diode Arrays, Modules and Controllers - Co... 1 / 3 FKSZ2.E334687 Drivers for Light-emitting-diode Arrays, Modules and Controllers - Component Page Bottom Drivers
More informationInternet-assisted Chinese-English Dictionary Compilation
East China Normal University From the SelectedWorks of Gang Zhao Spring March 10, 2005 Internet-assisted Chinese-English Dictionary Compilation Gang Zhao, East China Normal University Available at: https://works.bepress.com/gang_zhao1/1/
More information