Influence of Method of Supplementation on the Utilization of Supplemental Fat by Feedlot Steers. R. A. Zinn, A. Plascencia, and Y.

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1 Inlun o Mtho o Supplmnttion on th Utiliztion o Supplmntl Ft y Flot Strs * R. A. Zinn, A. Plsni, n Y. Shn ABSTRACT: Svnty-two Holstin strs (273 kg) wr us in 151- ing tril to vlut th inlun o mtho o t supplmnttion on growth-prormn. Ditry trtmnts onsist o 1) ontrol it (no supplmntl t), 2) 5% yllow grs (YG) on grin (YG ws irst mix with portion o th stm-lk orn in th proportion 25% YG to 75% orn, prior to ing othr itry ingrints), n 3) 5% YG on rtion (YG ws to th mixr s th nxt to th lst stp, prior to ing molsss.). Thr wr no trtmnt ts (P >.10) on ADG. Th ition o 5% YG rs (6.3%, P <.01) DMI, n inrs iiny (4.7%, P <.01) n it NE g (5.7%, P <.01). Thr wr no ts (P >.10) o mtho o t supplmnttion on growth-prormn. Six Holstin strs (313 kg) with nnuls in th rumn n proximl uonum wr us in rplit 3 X 3 Ltin squr sign xprimnt to vlut trtmnt ts on igstiv untion. Thr wr no trtmnt t ( P >.10) on ruminl igstion o strh or N. Supplmntl YG rs ruminl igstion o OM (10.4, P <.01) n ADF (36.7%, P <.10). Thr wr no trtmnt ts (P >.10) on post-ruminl igstion o OM, strh, ADF n lipi. Howvr, sturting portion o th grin with t rs slightly (2.7%, P <.10) post ruminl igstion o N. Supplmntl YG rs (P <.10) totl trt igstion o OM (1.8%) n ADF (13.9%). It is onlu tht thr r no positiv ssoitiv ts o ing YG irtly to stmlk orn on growth-prormn or igstiv untion. Introution Typilly, th irst limiting stp towr grtion o prtils within th rumn is xposur o th sustrt to th nzymti pross. This orms th sis or th vrious prossing thniqus ppli to grins n orgs. For xmpl, stm lking orn isrupts th s ot n protin mtrix surrouning th strh grnuls, thry nhning ruminl n totl trt igstion. Sturting th grin with supplmntl t my ru th xposur rt o strh to ruminl rmnttion, n nhn sp o strh to th smll intstin. Th ojtiv o th prsnt stuy is to invstigt this strtgy with rspt to lot ttl prormn n igstiv untion. Exprimntl Prour Tril 1. Svnty-two Holstin strs wighing 273 kg wr lok y wight n rnomly ssign, within wight groupings, 2 2 to 12 pns (6 strs/pn). Pns wr 43 m with 22 m ovrh sh, utomti wtrrs n 2.4-m n-lin unks. Th tril ws initit Jnury 28, Avrg ily minimum n

2 mximum ir tmprturs uring th tril wr 13 n 31EC, rsptivly. Thr ws 2.6 m pripittion; vrg ily rltiv humiity ws 41%. Strs wr implnt with Synovx-S (Syntx Corp., Ds Moins, IA) upon initition o th tril n rimplnt with Rvlor (Hohst-Roussl Agri-Vt, Somrvill, NJ) on 56. Composition o th itry trtmnts is shown in Tl 1. Dits wr prpr t pproximtly wkly intrvls n stor in plywoo oxs lot in ront o h pn. Strs wr llow liitum ss to xprimntl its, with twi-ily ing. Hot rss wights wr otin rom ll strs t tim o slughtr. Atr th rsss r hill or 48 h th ollowing msurmnts wr otin: 1) longissimus musl r (riy r), tkn y irt gri ring o th y musl t th twlth ri; 2) suutnous t ovr th y musl t th twlth ri tkn t lotion 3/4 th ltrl lngth rom th hin on n; 3) kiny, plvi n hrt t (KPH) s prntg o rss wight n 4) mrling sor (USDA, 1965). Rtil yils (onlss, losly trimm rtil uts rom th roun, loin, ri, n huk s prntg o rss wight) wr stimt using th qution o (USDA, 1965). Enrgy rtntion ws not msur irtly in this tril, howvr, givn th ssumption tht th primry trminnt o nrgy gin (EG) ws wight gin, EG ws lult y th qution: EG=ADG.0557BW, whr EG is th ily nrgy posit (Ml/), ADG is wight gin (kg/) n BW is th mn oy wight (kg; NRC, 1984). Mintnn nrgy,xpn (EM) ws lult y th qution: EM=.O84 W.75 (Grrtt, 1971). From th riv stimts or nrgy rquir or mintnn n gin, th NEm n NEg vlus o th it r otin y pross o itrtion to it th rltionship: NEg=.877NE (Zinn n Plsni, 1996). In trmining str prormn, initil n inl wights wr ru 4% to ount or igstiv trt ill. Pn mns wr us s xprimntl units. Th tril will nlyz s rnomiz omplt lok sign xprimnt (Hiks, 1973). Trtmnt ts wr tst y mns o th ollowing orthogonl ontrsts: 1) ontrol vs supplmntl t, 2) t on grin vs t on totl mix rtion. Tril 2. Six Holstin str (313 kg) with nnuls in th rumn n proximl uonum (Zinn n Plsni, 1993) wr us in rplit 3X3 Ltin squr xprimnt to stuy trtmnt ts on hrtristis o ruminl n totl trt igstion. Trtmnts wr th sm s thos us in tril 1 (Tl 1), with.40% hromi oxi s igst mrkr. Strs wr 2 mintin in iniviul pns (3.9 m ) with ss to wtr t ll tims. Dits wr t 0800 n 2000 ily. Exprimntl prios onsist o 10- it justmnt prio ollow y 4- olltion prio. During th olltion prio uonl n l smpls wr tkn rom ll strs, twi ily s ollows: 1, 0750 n 1350; 2, 0900 n 1500; 3, 1050 n 1650; n 4,

3 1200 n Iniviul smpls onsist o pproximtly 500 ml uonl hym n 200 g (wt sis) l mtril. Smpls rom h str n within h olltion prio wr omposit or nlysis. During th inl y o h olltion prio, ruminl smpls wr otin rom h str 4 h tr th morning ing vi th ruminl nnul. Ruminl lui ph ws trmin (Digi- Sns LCD ph Mtr, Col-Prmr, Chigo, IL) on rsh smpls, n smpls wr strin through our lyrs o hsloth. Two millitrs o rshly prpr 25% (w/v) mt-phosphori i ws to 8 ml o strin ruminl lui. Smpls wr thn ntriug (17,000 x g or 10 min) n suprntnt lui stor t o -20 C or VFA nlysis. Upon ompltion o th tril, ruminl lui ws otin rom ll strs n omposit or isoltion o ruminl tri vi irntil ntriugtion (Brgn t l., 1968). Smpls wr sujt to ll or prt o th ollowing nlysis: DM (ovn rying t 105EC until no urthr wight loss); sh, Kjlhl N, mmoni N (AOAC, 1975); ADF (Goring n Vn Sost, 1970); purins (Zinn n Owns, 1986); lipi (Zinn, 1994); VFA onntrtions o ruminl lui (gs hromtogrphy; Zinn, 1988); hromi oxi (Hill n Anrson, 1958) n strh (Zinn, 1990). Miroil orgni mttr (MOM) n N (MN) lving th omsum ws lult using purins s miroil mrkr (Zinn n Owns, 1986). Orgni mttr rmnt in th rumn (OMF) ws onsir qul to OM intk minus th irn twn th mount o totl OM rhing th uonum n MOM rhing th uonum. F N sp to th smll intstin ws onsir qul to totl N lving th omsum minus mmoni-n n MN n, thus, inlus ny nognous ontriutions. Mthn proution ws lult s on th thortil rmnttion ln or osrv molr istriution o VFA n OM rmnt in th rumn (Wolin, 1960) n ruminl OM igstion. Th tril ws nlyz s rplit 3 X 3 Ltin squr oring to th ollowing sttistil mol: Y =µ + B + A + P + T + E, whr B is ijkl i j(i) k l ijkl i lok, A is str within lok, P is prio, T is trtmnt n j(i) k l E is rsiul rror. Trtmnt ts wr tst y mns o ijkl th ollowing orthogonl ontrsts: 1) ontrol vs supplmntl t, 2) t on grin vs t on totl mix rtion. Implitions Mtho o t supplmnttion os not inlun th ing vlu o t or lot ttl. Sturtion o portion o th itry stm-lk orn with yllow grs os not ru its ngtiv ts on ruminl ir igstion, nor os it nhn th proportion o itry strh tht sps ruminl grtion.

4 Tl 1. COMPOSITION OF EXPERIMENTAL DIETS FED TO STEERS (Trils 1, 2) Supplmntl t Itm Control On rtion On grin Ingrint omposition, % (DM sis) All hy Sungrss hy Stm-lk orn Yllow grs On grin 5.00 On rtion 5.00 Cn molsss Limston Dilium phospht Ur Tr minrl slt Nutrint omposition (DM sis) NE, Ml/kg Mintnn Gin Cru protin, % Ethr xtrt, % Clium, % Phosphorus, % S))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))Q Dits in tril 2 ontin n itionl.4% hromi oxi s igst mrkr. Ftty i proil: C12:0,.30%; C14:0,.76%; C16:0, 14.54%; C16:1, 1.38%; C18:0, 8.61%; C18:1, 48.30%; C18:2, 22.42%; C18:3, 2.26%. As th irst stp in prpring th th, th yllow grs ws mix with portion o th stm-lk orn in th proportion 5% grs to 15% orn, prior to ing othr ingrints. Yllow grs ws to th mixr s th nxt to th lst stp, prior to ing molsss. Tr minrl slt ontin: CoSO4,.068%; CuSO4, 1.04%; FSO4, 3.57%; ZnO, 1.24%; MnSO4, 1.07%; KI,.052%; n NCl,

5 92.96%. Bs on tulr vlus or iniviul ingrints (NRC, 1984) with xption o supplmntl t whih ws ssign NE m n NE g vlus o 6.03 n 4.79, rsptivly (Zinn, 1988). Tl 2. Inlun o mtho o t supplmnttion on lot growthprormn o Holstin strs (Tril 1) Supplmntl t Itm Control On rtion On grin SD Pn rplits Dys on tst Wight, kg Initil Finl ADG, kg/ DMI, kg/ DMI/ADG Dit NE, Ml/kg Mintnn Gin Osrv/xpt it NE Mintnn Gin NE o yllow grs, Ml/kg Mintnn Gin S))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))Q Initil n inl liv wights ru 4% to ount or ill. Supplmntl t vrsus ontrol, P <.01. Tl 3. Inlun o mtho o t supplmnttion on rss hrtristis o Holstin strs (Tril 1) Supplmntl t Itm Control On rtion On grin SD Crss wight, kg Drssing prntg Ri y r, m

6 Ft thiknss, m KPH, % Mrling sor Rtil yil, % Livr sss, % S))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))Q Kiny, plvi n hrt t s prntg o rss wight. Co: Minimum slight = 3, minimum smll = 4, t. Tl 4. Inlun o mtho o t supplmnttion hrtristis o OM, strh, ADF, N n lipi igstion (Tril 2) Supplmntl t Itm Control On rtion On grin SD Str rplits Intk, g/ DM 6,074 6,125 6,112 OM 5,755 5,800 5,786 Strh 3,062 2,974 2,891 ADF N Lipi Lving omsum, g/ OM 2,110 2,582 2, Strh ADF Non-mmoni N Miroil N F N Lipi Ruminl igstion, % intk OM Strh ADF F N Miroil iiny Protin iiny

7 Fl xrtion, g/ OM Strh ADF N Lipi Post-ruminl igstion, % lving omsum OM Strh ADF N Lipi Totl trt igstion, % OM Strh ADF N S))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))Q Supplmntl t vrsus ontrol, P <.05. Supplmntl t vrsus ontrol, P <.01. Supplmntl t vrsus ontrol, P <.10. Miroil N, g/kg OM rmnt. Duonl non-mmoni N/N intk. Mtho o ing t, P <.10. Tl 5. Inlun o mtho o t supplmnttion on ruminl ph, VFA molr proportions n stimt mthn proution 4 h tr ing (Tril 2) Supplmntl t Itm Control On rtion On grin SD Str rplits Ruminl ph Ruminl VFA, mol/100 mol Att Propiont Butyrt Mthn proution S)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Supplmntl t vrsus ontrol, P <.10. Mthn, mol/mol gluos quivlnt rmnt.

Present state Next state Q + M N

Present state Next state Q + M N Qustion 1. An M-N lip-lop works s ollows: I MN=00, th nxt stt o th lip lop is 0. I MN=01, th nxt stt o th lip-lop is th sm s th prsnt stt I MN=10, th nxt stt o th lip-lop is th omplmnt o th prsnt stt I