Lab 2 Deciduous Hardwood Cuttings:
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1 16 Lab 2 Deciduous Hardwood Cuttings: Objectives: 1. Be able to name the different types of cuttings. 2. Be able to compare and contrast characteristics of hardwood, semi-hardwood, and softwood cuttings. 3. Be able to describe and explain advantages of hardwood cuttings. 4. Be able to describe the process for making deciduous and evergreen hardwood cuttings and be able to demonstrate the process. 5. Be able to describe and summarize ways to handle hardwood cuttings. 6. Be able to describe and explain the reasons for using auxins on cuttings. 7. Be able to describe how auxins are applied to cuttings and be able to show how auxins are applied. 8. Be able to describe methods used to wound cuttings. 9. Be able to show how to wound cuttings properly. I. DECIDUOUS HARDWOOD CUTTINGS A. Introduction 1. Hardwood cuttings are covered in the next two labs. a. The types of cuttings are based on b. Different types of cuttings include: 2. Stem a. Hardwood cuttings i. deciduous ii. narrow-leaf evergreen iii. broadleaf evergreen b. Semi-hardwood cuttings
2 17 c. Softwood d. Herbaceous 3. Leaf cuttings 4. Leaf-bud cuttings 5. Root cuttings 6. Of all types of cuttings, stem cuttings are II. TYPES OF CUTTINGS A. Define Types of Cuttings 1. Hardwood: dormant cuttings made of firm wood, usually the most a. Hardwood cuttings are made (time of year) from b. Hardwood cuttings - completed most often with c. Coniferous or broadleaf evergreen cuttings usually taken after 2. Semi-hardwood: cuttings made with partially matured 3. Softwood: cuttings made from soft, B. Specifics on Hardwood Cuttings 1. These types of cuttings are easy to 2. Cuttings are least expensive to 3. The facilities to root these cuttings can be
3 18 4. Central and basal parts of stems often 5. Even though deciduous hardwood cuttings lack leaves, they can 6. Type of stems/branches to use: a. Take cuttings from b. Avoid abnormally long c. Want to use growth that has d. Cutting length should be 4 to 7. Appearance of cutting a. Include at least two nodes - have at least b. For the bottom of cutting, cut just below the c. Sometimes wounding at internodes helps promote d. Cut above upper node high enough to 8. Three types of hardwood cuttings include: a. Straight uses only the recent past b. Heel uses a small, partial piece of
4 19 c. Mallet uses a short stem III. METHODS FOR HANDLING HARDWOOD CUTTINGS A. Winter Callusing not important, not applicable to Idaho s winter weather B. Direct Spring Planting done by nurseries around the 1. Cuttings are made at the proper time, held 2. This method is used for easy-to-root 3. Propagators must make sure that buds on the cuttings C. Direct Fall Planting used in areas with D. Warm Temperature Callusing cuttings are allowed to form callus first in fall and then either planted directly in fall E. Bottom Heat Callusing method being 1. Wood is collected, cuttings are 2. The rooting medium is heated to 65 to 75 F (18 to 21 C) to 3. Rooted cuttings should be transplanted before F. Plastic Bag Storage simplest process to use. 1. Collect and treat cuttings. 2. Store cuttings in plastic bags to retain
5 20 3. Cuttings are held as needed for Bottom IV. USES OF AUXIN A. Reasons to Use Auxin - include 1. Increase the percentage of cuttings that 2. Increase the speed of 3. Increase uniformity of 4. Best use of auxin is on moderately hard to B. Types of Auxin 1. Synthetic types are used most often: 2. ONLY end-use formulations can be used: 3. Use K + formulation (potassium) to dissolve the auxin easily 4. The free acid type of auxin ( OH - ) is difficult to C. Methods of Application 1. Using powders - done easily enough but can be difficult 2. Powder can be knocked off when sticking the cutting be sure to make a 3. Use liquid auxin formulations for the
6 21 a. Dilute soak method: put cuttings in a solution of b. Quick-dip method: dip cutting stems in a solution from i. use quick dip since high solvent concentrations will ii. prevent solvent from evaporating off when V. WOUNDING A. Methods 1. Stripping off bark or epidermis - use a peeling 2. Make slashes or vertical cuts in the surface to cut down to 3. Crush the tissue using dull 4. Objective: is to get B. Summary 1. Many types of cuttings can be made from different plant parts, but hardwood cuttings 2. Deciduous hardwood cuttings should contain at least two 3. Although hardwood cuttings can be handled in a variety of ways, we will use bottom
7 22 4. Auxins are used to improve rooting consistency and 5. Wounding can be used to promote root initiation for cuttings c:\plsc300\lab2 student notes hardwood cuttings-12.doc
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