Plant Disease Introduction. Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Plant Disease Introduction. Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist"

Transcription

1 Plant Disease Introduction Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist

2 Plant Pathology Basics Disease Anything that interferes with normal plant function

3 Plant Pathology Basics Biotic Caused by living organism (pathogen)

4 Plant Pathology Basics Abiotic Caused by non-living factor

5 Non-Infectious Diseases Also known as non parasitic, abiotic or nonpathogenic diseases

6 Non-Infectious Diseases Caused by such things as: Unfavorable weather Mechanical damage Nutrient deficiency Excess salts Chemical toxicity Water excesses or deficiencies

7 Non-Infectious Diseases Unfavorable weather

8 Non-Infectious Diseases Mechanical damage

9 Non-Infectious Diseases Nutrient deficiency

10 Non-Infectious Diseases Excess salts

11 Non-Infectious Diseases Chemical toxicity

12 Non-Infectious Diseases Water excesses or deficiencies

13 Non-Infectious Diseases Most diseases belong to this group

14 Non-Infectious Diseases There are no chemical controls for noninfectious diseases.

15 Infectious Diseases Also known as parasitic, biotic or pathogenic diseases

16 Infectious Diseases Pathogens grow within plant tissue and disrupt function

17 Infectious Diseases May spread to new plants

18 Infectious Diseases Main concern of pesticide users is to reduce spread Many diseases have no chemical controls

19 Infectious Agents in Plants Classes of infectious agents Fungi Bacteria Viruses Phytoplasmas Nematodes Parasitic seed plants

20 Fungi Lack chlorophyll 100,000 species Reproduce by spores Saprophytes decompose dead organic matter Parasites attack other organisms

21 Coryneum Blight

22 Bacteria Small one celled organism Divide very rapidly Causes relatively few tree diseases Chemical control requires bactericides

23 Fireblight on crabapple

24 Viruses Must reproduce in living cells Must be transmitted mechanically by insects propagation or handling Only visible with electron microscopes No practical chemical controls

25 Virus on Lilac

26 Phytoplasmas Discovered relatively recently Diseases previously were thought to be caused by viruses Organisms like a bacteria without a cell wall

27 Western X of Cherry

28 Nematodes Small eel-shaped worms Usually problems in warmer areas Most feed on roots Attack many plants Not all nematodes attack plants

29 Root Knot Nematode Lesions

30 Parasitic seed plants These plants produce seed They are vascular plants Controls are difficult Some contain chlorophyll others do not Some are semi parasitic

31 Dwarf Mistletoe

32 Mistletoe

33 Dodder

34 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SIGNS Structures of the pathogen that occur in connection with the disease - example: Mildew

35 Sign of Disease

36 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS Evidence of sickness or injury that shows up in the plant -- dead spots in leaves, rotten spots in fruits, etc.

37 Symptom of Disease

38 Disease Development Three factors necessary for disease development Susceptible host Presence of pathogen Favorable environmental conditions Disease triangle

39 Plant Disease Development Pathogen Host Plant Suitable Environment All three factors must exist for disease to occur

40 Disease Development Pathogens must complete their life cycle including Production of offspring Dispersal of offspring Infection of new plants Rest period If pathogen life cycle is incomplete, disease is halted

41 Disease Development Pathogens must complete their Inoculation Dispersal of offspring If pathogen life cycle is incomplete, disease is halted

42 Disease Development Pathogens must complete their Incubation Germination and growth If pathogen life cycle is incomplete, disease is halted

43 Disease Development Pathogens must complete Infection Infection of new plants or getting their water and nutrients from their host plant If pathogen life cycle is incomplete, disease is halted

44 Disease Development Two basic patterns of disease development

45 Disease Development Some plant diseases spread slowly to new hosts and do not spread widely during a single growing season Fungal spores, nematode cysts, bacteria

46 Disease Development Other diseases are capable of spreading very rapidly in one season Stem and leaf rusts, blights of potato and tomato, other leaf-spot diseases.

47

48 Necrotic NECROTIC -- degeneration and death: Degeneration symptoms (dying cells) Yellowing (localized, generalized) Water-soaked areas Wilting or flagging Necrotic symptoms (dead cells)

49 Degeneration symptoms (dying cells)

50 Yellowing (localized, generalized)

51 Water-soaked areas

52 Wilting or flagging

53 Necrotic symptoms (dead cells)

54 Scorch or burn (sudden death and browning of large areas)

55 Streaks and stripes (long, narrow, necrotic lesions along leaf veins)

56 Blight (foliage or blossoms killed suddenly)

57 Net necrosis (irregular interlocking necrotic lines)

58 Blast (blighting or sudden death of young flowers, buds, or fruit)

59 Die-back (dying back from the tip of branches woody plants

60 Spot (circular, dead areas on foliage)

61 Shot hole (circular holes from dropping out of necrotic tissue)

62 Pitting (dying of tissue under intact epidermis of fruits and tubers) Rot (dead tissue in a more advanced stage of degeneration)

63 Rot (dead tissue in advanced stage of degeneration)

64 Mummification (dried, rotted fruits that turns dark and wrinkled)

65 Canker (sunken necrotic lesions on stems, tubers or roots)

66 Damping-off (rot at the base of plant stems so the plant falls over)

67 Leak (soft rot in that juices leak out)

68 Bleeding (sap flow of from wounds, often with a fermented odor) Scald (blanching of the epidermis and adjacent tissues, resulting in a pale or dirty brown color)

69 Scald (bleaching of the skin to a pale or dirty brown color)

70 Gummosis (diseased cells which oozes viscid gum)

71 Resinosis (abnormal exuding of resin

72 Impeded Growth Symptoms from over- or under-development

73 Chlorosis (no development of green color as in yellows or mosaics)

74 Abortion or atrophy (halt in the development of a fruit)

75 Growth Suppression (complete prevention of development of organs)

76 Etiolation (spindly growth)

77 Dwarfing (rosetting or underdevelopment of plant parts)

78 Abnormal organs (development of organs usually not present) Premature growth (development of shoots from buds that should remain dormant)

79 Premature growth (growth of buds that should remain dormant)

80 Tissue transformation (change of tissues from one kind to another)

81 Abnormal coloration (unusual colored tissues)

82 Gigantic growth (tumor, callus, or gall formation)

83 When to Use Pesticides Ask yourself the following Is an infectious disease involved? What's causing the disease? Is a chemical application called for? What kind of chemical should I use? How and when should I apply the chemical? Pesticides won t cure every problem

Plant Disease Introduction

Plant Disease Introduction Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Archived Publications Archived USU Extension Publications 6-30-2006 Plant Disease Introduction Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Follow this and additional

More information

Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard. Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard

Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard. Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard 1 Terms Abiotic disease Bacteria Biotic diseases Cultural disease control Disease avoidance

More information

Unit G: Pest Management. Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases

Unit G: Pest Management. Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases Unit G: Pest Management Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases 1 Terms Abiotic disease Bacteria Biotic disease Cultural disease control Disease avoidance Disease resistance Disease tolerance Fungi Infectious

More information

Basic Plant Pathology for Franklin County Master Gardener Volunteers. Nancy J. Taylor Plant Pathology Department Ohio State University

Basic Plant Pathology for Franklin County Master Gardener Volunteers. Nancy J. Taylor Plant Pathology Department Ohio State University Basic Plant Pathology for Franklin County Master Gardener Volunteers Nancy J. Taylor Plant Pathology Department Ohio State University https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4 PuP_QbD14 Mildews Mildews Mildews

More information

Welcome to the Iowa Certified Nursery Professional Training program Module 7: Introduction to Plant Diseases and Insects.

Welcome to the Iowa Certified Nursery Professional Training program Module 7: Introduction to Plant Diseases and Insects. Welcome to the Iowa Certified Nursery Professional Training program Module 7: Introduction to Plant Diseases and Insects. 1 After completing this module you should: 1. Understand the causes of abssiotic

More information

Plant disease. Plant Diseases: Learning objectives: Plant Disease: Any physiological or structural abnormality that is harmful to the plant

Plant disease. Plant Diseases: Learning objectives: Plant Disease: Any physiological or structural abnormality that is harmful to the plant Plant disease Plant Diseases: Identification and Control Melodie Putnam Extension Plant Pathologist Learning objectives: Difference between biotic and abiotic diseases and their manifestation Difference

More information

Certified Arborist. Diagnosis and Plant Disorders. What is a healthy plant?

Certified Arborist. Diagnosis and Plant Disorders. What is a healthy plant? Certified Arborist Diagnosis and Plant Disorders What is a healthy plant? Vitality Ability to deal with stress Vigor Genetic ability to deal with stress 1 Many things combine to cause decline! Plant Health

More information

What is a plant disease?

What is a plant disease? Master Gardener Intern Training Basic plant pathology Kevin Ong, PhD. Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist Director Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory College Station, TX What is

More information

SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN PLANT PEST DIAGNOSIS

SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN PLANT PEST DIAGNOSIS SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN PLANT PEST DIAGNOSIS Symptoms are the detectable expressions of a disease, pest, or environmental factor exhibited by the suscept or plant which is subject to a given pathogen or causal

More information

Basics of Plant Pathology. Pam Roberts Katherine Hendricks Southwest Florida Research and Education Center

Basics of Plant Pathology. Pam Roberts Katherine Hendricks Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Basics of Plant Pathology Pam Roberts Katherine Hendricks Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Historical Significance of Plant Diseases Sri Lanka France Late Blight on potato caused the Irish

More information

Field Guide to African Soybean Diseases and Pests

Field Guide to African Soybean Diseases and Pests Introduction Field Guide to African Soybean Diseases and Pests Glen Hartman Harun Muthuri Murithi An electronic copy of this guide is available at: http://soybeaninnovationlab.illinois.edu/soybeandisease-diagnostic-guide

More information

Master Gardener - Plant Pathology

Master Gardener - Plant Pathology Master Gardener - Plant Pathology How do I enroll in the online course? 1. Go to http://learnonline.agrilife.org and look to the top right to find a login box. If you do have an account then log in with

More information

Plants Get Sick Too! An Introduction to Plant Diseases. Sarah D. Ellis Michael J. Boehm Department of Plant Pathology

Plants Get Sick Too! An Introduction to Plant Diseases. Sarah D. Ellis Michael J. Boehm Department of Plant Pathology FACT SHEET Agriculture and Natural Resources PP401.01 This is the first fact sheet in a series of ten designed to provide an overview of key concepts in plant pathology. Plant pathology is the study of

More information

Parasitic Diseases. Plants killing plants

Parasitic Diseases. Plants killing plants Parasitic Diseases Plants killing plants Parasitic Plants According to the American Heritage Dictionary a parasite is- An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while

More information

Diagnosing Plant Problems. A strategy to get started

Diagnosing Plant Problems. A strategy to get started + Diagnosing Plant Problems A strategy to get started + Causes of plant damage Living factors Pests such as insects, mites, rodents, mammals Pathogens that cause disease such as fungi, bacteria, viruses,

More information

Cm W)aøs A.3.1. Blast (Pyricularia grisea) Description: The disease caused by fungal infection.

Cm W)aøs A.3.1. Blast (Pyricularia grisea) Description: The disease caused by fungal infection. A.3. Diseases A.3.1. Cm W)aøs Blast (Pyricularia grisea) Picture 100 : Leaf blast. Description: The disease caused by fungal infection. Leaf blast: An infected leaf has diamond shaped or elliptical or

More information

Plant Pathology For Master Gardeners

Plant Pathology For Master Gardeners Plant Pathology For Master Gardeners Pamela Geisel Environmental Horticulture Advisor, Emeritus pgeisel@ucanr.edu Learning Objectives Understand basic plant disease concepts and some of the terminology

More information

Why Calcium is So Important

Why Calcium is So Important Why Calcium is So Important Calcium - A Transportation Problem By Dr. Lynette Morgan As hydroponic growers we like to think that by supplying our plants with all the nutrients they need in the right ratios,

More information

Student Name: Teacher: Date: Test: 9_12 Agriculture AP41 - Horticulture I Test 2 Description: Pest Management District: Wake County Form: 501

Student Name: Teacher: Date: Test: 9_12 Agriculture AP41 - Horticulture I Test 2 Description: Pest Management District: Wake County Form: 501 Student Name: Teacher: Date: Test: 9_12 Agriculture AP41 - Horticulture I Test 2 Description: Pest Management District: Wake County Form: 501 1. Aimee uses traps in her garden to: 2. Which is MOST true

More information

Rose Black spot-diplocarpon rosae

Rose Black spot-diplocarpon rosae Issue 20-July 16, 2013 This bulletin from the Cooperative Extension Plant Health Clinic (Plant Disease Clinic) is an electronic update about diseases and other problems observed in our lab each month.

More information

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PP-22 Selerotinia Diseases of Vegetable and Field Crops in Florida Ken Pernezny and L. H. Purdy, Professor, Everglades Research and Education Center, Belle Glade; and Professor,

More information

the final stage, the plant may be topped with tufts of small green leaves on blackened stems.

the final stage, the plant may be topped with tufts of small green leaves on blackened stems. GERANIUM DISORDERS Joseph J. Maisano, Jr. Cooperative Extension Horticultural Agent Geraniums are plagued by a number of diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and unfavorable environmental conditions.

More information

Weird and Wild World of Physiological Disorders. Andy Robinson, Ph.D. Extension Potato Agronomist NDSU / U of

Weird and Wild World of Physiological Disorders. Andy Robinson, Ph.D. Extension Potato Agronomist NDSU / U of Weird and Wild World of Physiological Disorders Andy Robinson, Ph.D. Extension Potato Agronomist NDSU / U of M @spudology Kahoot.it What is a physiological disorder? Non-infectious (do NOT spread). Something

More information

Diseases of Sesame. Dr. S. Parthasarathy, M.Sc. (Ag)., Ph.D., FBSS.

Diseases of Sesame. Dr. S. Parthasarathy, M.Sc. (Ag)., Ph.D., FBSS. Diseases of Sesame Dr. S. Parthasarathy, M.Sc. (Ag)., Ph.D., FBSS. Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology), Dept. of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Technology, Theni Diseases of Sesame Charcoal

More information

Tree Decay Fungi. Chelsi Abbott, MSc The Davey Tree Expert Company

Tree Decay Fungi. Chelsi Abbott, MSc The Davey Tree Expert Company Tree Decay Fungi Chelsi Abbott, MSc The Davey Tree Expert Company Overview Dangers in Tree Care Industry What are fungi? Why wood decay fungi are important Different groups Specific types of decay & wood

More information

Lab tomorrow: Bacterial Diseases. Bacteria

Lab tomorrow: Bacterial Diseases. Bacteria Lab tomorrow: Bacterial Diseases Quiz: Koch s Postulates (p. 17-19), Botrytis Predisposition (p. 97)., And, intros for Bacteria (pp 67-69), Biocontrol of Crown Gall (p. 117), and Observation of Viral Movement

More information

Biological Invasions: a threat to California Ecosystems

Biological Invasions: a threat to California Ecosystems Biological Invasions: a threat to California Ecosystems Taught by Dr. Matteo Garbelotto Matteog@berkeley.edu Office: Third floor Hilgard Hall Office hours: by appointment Course info One two hour lecture

More information

Master Gardener training in PLANT PATHOLOGY supplemental

Master Gardener training in PLANT PATHOLOGY supplemental PLPA MG1 rev.20121204 Kevin Ong, PhD Associate Professor & Extension Specialist Dept. of Plant Pathology & Microbiology Director Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab 2012-2013 Master Gardener training in

More information

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato Website to brush up on bacterial diseases Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/pages/bacterialspot.aspx Potato blackleg and soft rot http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/pages/blacklegpotato.aspx

More information

It is one of the most serious oak diseases in the United States, killing thousands of trees each year.

It is one of the most serious oak diseases in the United States, killing thousands of trees each year. 1 Oak Wilt is the disease caused by the pathogenic non-native fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum that affects oaks. Oaks in the red oak group (those with sharply pointed tips- like pin oak and red oak) are

More information

Types of Injuries to Plants. Effect of Air Pollution on Plants. Cross section of Leaf Showing Air Spaces where Pollution can Move.

Types of Injuries to Plants. Effect of Air Pollution on Plants. Cross section of Leaf Showing Air Spaces where Pollution can Move. Types of Injuries to Plants Effect of Air Pollution on Plants Necrosis - killing of leaf cells abscission - premature dropping of leaves epinasty -down curve of leaf (due to growth rate imbalance - top

More information

Germination of Spores and Seeds Almost all pathogens in their vegetative state are capable of initiating infection immediately.

Germination of Spores and Seeds Almost all pathogens in their vegetative state are capable of initiating infection immediately. Germination of Spores and Seeds Almost all pathogens in their vegetative state are capable of initiating infection immediately. Fungal spores and seeds of parasitic higher plants, however, must first germinate.

More information

Tree and Shrub Insects

Tree and Shrub Insects Aphids Aphids are small soft-bodied insects that suck plant juices. High aphid populations can cause leaves to yellow, curl, or drop early. The most bothersome aspect of aphids is the honeydew they produce.

More information

HOMEOWNER PLANT DISEASE CLINIC REPORT Holly Thornton, Homeowner IPM Specialist

HOMEOWNER PLANT DISEASE CLINIC REPORT Holly Thornton, Homeowner IPM Specialist MARCH 2007 HOMEOWNER PLANT DISEASE CLINIC REPORT Holly Thornton, Homeowner IPM Specialist As March nears an end, sample submission (both Commercial and Homeowner) is beginning to increase as I expected

More information

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY Pl. Path. 111 (Cr. Hrs. 3+1) P.N. Sharma Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.) An introduction to Plant Pathology What is Plant Pathology? Objectives of

More information

Throughout my more than 30 years

Throughout my more than 30 years pests & diseases Sometimes Diagnosis Is Simple While it s always preferable to have diseases professionally identified in a lab, there are some basic guidelines to help growers diagnose their plants issues.

More information

Glossary. a type of sensory organ on the head of an insect (pl. antennae) microscopic, single celled prokaryotic organisms (sn.

Glossary. a type of sensory organ on the head of an insect (pl. antennae) microscopic, single celled prokaryotic organisms (sn. Appendix J Glossary abdomen abiotic aeciospore anaerobic annual antenna asymptomatic bacteria basidiospore biocontrol biotic blight blighting bud break canker chlorotic coalesce compartmentalize compound

More information

Bacterial Diseases of Fruit Trees

Bacterial Diseases of Fruit Trees Bacterial Diseases of Fruit Trees Steven Swain Environmental Horticulture Advisor UCCE Marin & Sonoma Counties The Diseases Fire blight Erwinia amylovora Common name after the scorched appearance of leaves

More information

Cold damage to blueberry flowers affect fruit set of the plant causing reduction in fruit yield can be devastating (2007)

Cold damage to blueberry flowers affect fruit set of the plant causing reduction in fruit yield can be devastating (2007) Limb dieback and leaf scorch of a Japanese Maple caused by cold damage to new growth in the spring, followed by extreme drought conditions in Georgia (2007) caused by a non-living factor Cold damage to

More information

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1 NUTRITION IN PLANTS TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q.1. How do plants prepare their own food? Ans. In plants, water and minerals present in the soil are absorbed by roots and transported to leaves. Carbon

More information

1/30/2015. Overview. Measuring host growth

1/30/2015. Overview. Measuring host growth PLP 6404 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases Spring 2015 Lecture 8: Influence of Host Plant on Disease Development plant growth and Prof. Dr. Ariena van Bruggen Emerging Pathogens Institute and Plant Pathology

More information

EC Cedar Apple Rust

EC Cedar Apple Rust University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 1963 EC63-1806 Cedar Apple Rust John Weihing

More information

Plant Diagnostics 101 for Landscapers. Mike Munster & Matt Bertone Plant Disease and Insect Clinic Last revision: 26 July 2017

Plant Diagnostics 101 for Landscapers. Mike Munster & Matt Bertone Plant Disease and Insect Clinic Last revision: 26 July 2017 Plant Diagnostics 101 for Landscapers Mike Munster & Matt Bertone Plant Disease and Insect Clinic Last revision: 26 July 2017 Part 0 AN OBSERVATIONAL EXERCISE Sampson Co, NC. July 2017 Photo: Brad Hardison,

More information

Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center

Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Alaska Greenhouses and Nurseries Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)

More information

Management Of Insect And Mite Vectors Of Vegetable Diseases

Management Of Insect And Mite Vectors Of Vegetable Diseases Great Plains Growers Conference And Trade Show St. Joseph, MO January 12, 2018 Management Of Insect And Mite Vectors Of Vegetable Diseases Raymond A. Cloyd Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural

More information

Viroids are unique plant pathogens that are smaller than viruses and consist of a short single-stranded circular RNA without a protein coat (Diener,

Viroids are unique plant pathogens that are smaller than viruses and consist of a short single-stranded circular RNA without a protein coat (Diener, Citrus Viroids Viroids are unique plant pathogens that are smaller than viruses and consist of a short single-stranded circular RNA without a protein coat (Diener, 1971). These pathogens cause damage to

More information

Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials

Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials Margaret Worthington Graduate Group in Horticulture and Agronomy University of California, Davis April 14, 2009 http://www.judithbarathart.com

More information

Plant Diseases [2016]

Plant Diseases [2016] University of Kentucky UKnowledge Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications Cooperative Extension Service 3-2016 Plant iseases [2016] Kimberly Leonberger University of Kentucky, kimberly.leonberger@uky.edu

More information

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Structures and Functions of Living Organisms 6.L.1 Understand the structures, processes and behaviors of plants that enable them to survive and reproduce. 6.L.1.1 Summarize the basic structures and functions

More information

Common Disease Symptoms

Common Disease Symptoms Common Disease Symptoms Common names of diseases are always based on their key symptoms These symptoms are described here. anthracnose: A characteristic lesion, which is a circular to angular, sometimes

More information

TIME-LINE OF INFECTION

TIME-LINE OF INFECTION Review of Lecture 8: Getting inside the host is a critical step in disease development Fungal pathogens use contact and chemical tropisms to guide their way to a site where infection is possible Pathogens

More information

Bacteria. The Three Types of Important Heterotrophic Bacteria

Bacteria. The Three Types of Important Heterotrophic Bacteria Bacteria Kingdom Monera Prokaryote (their genetic material is not bound with a membrane) Classified according to shape - Spherical (cocci) - Spiral - Rod Shaped -TWO TYPES: Heterotrophic (organism that

More information

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Date: 6.L.1 Understand the structures, processes and behaviors of plants that enable them to survive and reproduce. 6.L.1.1 Summarize the basic structures and

More information

Plant Pathology Diagnosing Problems Ask questions! Listen! Ask more questions!

Plant Pathology Diagnosing Problems Ask questions! Listen! Ask more questions! Diagnosing Plant Diseases Plant Pathology Diagnosing Problems Ask questions! Listen! Ask more questions! Lisa Sanderson Extension Agent, ANR Henrico County What You Need to Know What is a Plant Disease?

More information

Basidiomycetes (the club fungi)

Basidiomycetes (the club fungi) Basidiomycetes in lab tomorrow Quiz (Lab manual pages 7-13 Isolation of fungal pathogens and 51-57 Ascos III, and intro pages for Basidiomycetes (pp. 59-61) and Race I.D. of Wheat Stem Rust (p. 109). Look

More information

1. Climatic Factors. Light Water Temperature Wind Humidity

1. Climatic Factors. Light Water Temperature Wind Humidity Plant Environment - Factors Affecting Plant Growth & Distribution 1. Climatic Factors Light Water Temperature Wind Humidity 1. Climatic factors (Light) Effect of light intensities, quality, and duration

More information

Plant Growth and Development Part I I

Plant Growth and Development Part I I Plant Growth and Development Part I I 1 Simply defined as: making with light Chlorophyll is needed (in the cells) to trap light energy to make sugars and starches Optimum temperature: 65 o F to 85 o F

More information

Outline. Goals: (1) Recognize and name disease symptoms (2) Where to get pathology information. Cindy Ocamb Extension Plant Pathologist

Outline. Goals: (1) Recognize and name disease symptoms (2) Where to get pathology information. Cindy Ocamb Extension Plant Pathologist Cindy Ocamb Extension Plant Pathologist Oregon State University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Outline Definition of disease Plant pathogenic microorganisms - groups Abiotic causes of disease

More information

1.9 Managing Plant Pathogens

1.9 Managing Plant Pathogens 1.9 Managing Plant Pathogens Introduction 3 Instructor s Lecture Outline 5 Detailed Lecture Outline for Students 7 Demonstration: Disease Identification 13 Instructor s Demonstration Outline 14 Students

More information

4. AMARYLLID CULTURE NARCISSUS DISEASES I REGIONAL ADAPTATION, SOILS, FERTILIZATION IRRIGATION, USE IN LANDSCAPE, DISEASE AND INSECT CONTROL, ETC.

4. AMARYLLID CULTURE NARCISSUS DISEASES I REGIONAL ADAPTATION, SOILS, FERTILIZATION IRRIGATION, USE IN LANDSCAPE, DISEASE AND INSECT CONTROL, ETC. 4. AMARYLLID CULTURE I REGIONAL ADAPTATION, SOILS, FERTILIZATION IRRIGATION, USE IN LANDSCAPE, DISEASE AND INSECT CONTROL, ETC. NARCISSUS DISEASES CHARLES J. GOULD The narcissi or daffodils grown in commercial

More information

Basidiomycota (the club fungi)

Basidiomycota (the club fungi) Basidiomycota in lab tomorrow Quiz (Lab manual pages 9-15 Isolation of fungal pathogens and 53-59 Ascos III, and intro pages for Basidiomycota (pp. 61-63) and Race I.D. of Wheat Stem Rust (p. 111). Look

More information

Plant Defenses - How Trees Defend Themselves and Why it Matters. Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello Dept. of Plant Pathology

Plant Defenses - How Trees Defend Themselves and Why it Matters. Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello Dept. of Plant Pathology Plant Defenses - How Trees Defend Themselves and Why it Matters Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello Dept. of Plant Pathology è è è Why are we interested in this subject? Plant defenses are the foundation of host

More information

To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: What is Stress? Tree Physiology. Understand stress and how it affects trees. Why Do Trees Die?

To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: What is Stress? Tree Physiology. Understand stress and how it affects trees. Why Do Trees Die? To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: Why Do Trees Die? Rex Bastian, Ph.D. The Davey Tree Expert Co./The Care of Trees Wheeling, IL Understand stress and how it affects trees» To do this, we

More information

Distance Learning course Plant pathology and entomology Covered topics

Distance Learning course Plant pathology and entomology Covered topics Distance Learning course Plant pathology and entomology Covered topics The distance learning course Plant pathology and entomology consist of four online modules that treat with the main groups of plant

More information

An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet

An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet J. S. MCFARLANE, ROY BARDIN AND WILLIAM C. SNYDER 1 A hitherto unreported disease of the sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L., incited by a parasitic species of Alternaria

More information

General Characteristics of Fungi: chitin more related to animals

General Characteristics of Fungi: chitin more related to animals Fungus, plural fungi, any of about 99,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom, which includes the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. are among the most widely distributed organisms

More information

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY THE SCIENCE OF PLANT PATHOLOGY Plant pathology or phytopathology (Phyton- Plant; Pathos-ailments/suffering; logosknowledge/science) is branch of science (agricultural, botanical

More information

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Phillip M. Brannen 1, Gerard Krewer 2, Bob Boland 3, Dan Horton 4, C. J. Chang 5 University of Georgia Relative to total sales, blueberries are the number one fruit commodity

More information

Dr. Judith K. Brown The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ USA

Dr. Judith K. Brown The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ USA Dr. Judith K. Brown The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ USA jbrown@ag.arizona.edu About 3,000 psyllid species worldwide Most psyllid species are specific to the plant hosts (family level) on which they

More information

To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: What is Stress? Tree Physiology. Understand stress and how it affects trees. Why Do Trees Die?

To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: What is Stress? Tree Physiology. Understand stress and how it affects trees. Why Do Trees Die? To Understand How Trees Decline and Die, We Must: Why Do Trees Die? Rex Bastian, Ph.D. The Davey Tree Expert Co./The Care of Trees Wheeling, IL Understand stress and how it affects trees» To do this, we

More information

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Information and Control Strategies

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Information and Control Strategies Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Information and Control Strategies Craig H. Canaday Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee West Tennessee Research and Education Center (WTREC)

More information

Plant Responses and Adaptations Video

Plant Responses and Adaptations Video Plant Responses and Adaptations Video Hormone -a substance that is produced in one part of an organism & affects another part of the same individual Plant hormones are chemical substances Control a plant

More information

DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 150. External Examiner: Dr K.S. Yobo Internal Examiner: Mr C. Becker/ Prof M.D. Laing

DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 150. External Examiner: Dr K.S. Yobo Internal Examiner: Mr C. Becker/ Prof M.D. Laing DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 150 External Examiner: Dr K.S. Yobo Internal Examiner: Mr C. Becker/ Prof M.D. Laing NOTE: THIS PAPERS CONSISTS OF FIVE (5) PAGES, PLEASE SEE THAT YOU HAVE THEM ALL. QUESTION

More information

Citrus Pathology PLP 5115C Fall 2017

Citrus Pathology PLP 5115C Fall 2017 Citrus Pathology PLP 5115C Fall 2017 Meeting times: Mondays at 1pm to 4pm Instructor: Dr. Nabil Killiny Office: Building 7103, Room 5, Citrus Research and Education Center Office hours: Drop-in office

More information

11. Diseases of Sunflower

11. Diseases of Sunflower 11. Diseases of Sunflower Root rot or charcoal rot - Rhizoctonia bataticola (Pycnidial stage: Macrophomina phaseolina) The pathogen is seed-borne and primarily causes seedling blight and collar rot in

More information

EC1806 Revised 1955 Cedar Apple Rust

EC1806 Revised 1955 Cedar Apple Rust University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 4-1955 EC1806 Revised 1955 Cedar Apple Rust

More information

Plant Health Care Diagnosis & Plant Disorders Diseases & Pests Construction Impacts

Plant Health Care Diagnosis & Plant Disorders Diseases & Pests Construction Impacts Plant Health Care Diagnosis & Plant Disorders Diseases & Pests Construction Impacts in 2 hours! Joseph Murray Staunton, VA < 1970s Cover sprays Broad spectrum pesticide control pests 1970s Integrated pest

More information

Soybean stem fly outbreak in soybean crops

Soybean stem fly outbreak in soybean crops Soybean stem fly outbreak in soybean crops By Kate Charleston Published: April 10, 2013 An estimated 4,000 ha of soybeans near Casino in Northern NSW have been affected to varying degrees by soybean stem

More information

2016 Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Survey

2016 Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Survey 216 Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Survey Nathan Kleczewski Ph.D. Extension Plant Pathologist Bill Cissel Extension IPM Agent University of Delaware Cooperative Extension Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease (SVND)

More information

Transport in Plant (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )

Transport in Plant (IGCSE Biology Syllabus ) Transport in Plant (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Plants have transport systems to move food, water and minerals around. These systems use continuous tubes called xylem and phloem: - Xylem vessels

More information

CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI

CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI Name Day M T W Th F Weekly Lifeline Period B_ Check Question What is a parasite? KICK-OFF LEARNING LOG KICK-OFF Response (1) A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another

More information

Plant Stimuli pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39. Plant Behavioural Responses. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones pp

Plant Stimuli pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39. Plant Behavioural Responses. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39 Plants exist in environments that are constantly changing. Like animals, plants must be able to detect and react to stimuli in the environment. Unlike animals, plants can

More information

Sclerotinia Stem and Crown Rot of Alfalfa: Symptoms & Disease Cycle

Sclerotinia Stem and Crown Rot of Alfalfa: Symptoms & Disease Cycle Sclerotinia Stem and Crown Rot of Alfalfa: Symptoms & Disease Cycle C.A. Frate, Farm Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County, CA November 2012 Sclerotinia stem and crown rot

More information

Life and Diversity III: Plants. So what s a plant? 2/9/11. Dr. Waggoner BIOL 1400

Life and Diversity III: Plants. So what s a plant? 2/9/11. Dr. Waggoner BIOL 1400 Life and Diversity III: Plants Dr. Waggoner BIOL 1400 A multicellular protist such as Coleochaete, shown here highly magnified, is made up of many cells. But most of the cells are the same this is a protist,

More information

Major Plant Hormones 1.Auxins 2.Cytokinins 3.Gibberelins 4.Ethylene 5.Abscisic acid

Major Plant Hormones 1.Auxins 2.Cytokinins 3.Gibberelins 4.Ethylene 5.Abscisic acid Plant Hormones Lecture 9: Control Systems in Plants What is a Plant Hormone? Compound produced by one part of an organism that is translocated to other parts where it triggers a response in target cells

More information

Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through

Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through Name Class EXAM Date Unit 11 Plant Kingdom Characteristics of Plants Multicellular- made of cells Eukaryotes- have & membrane bound organelles Cell - made of Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through

More information

Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927)

Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927) NCEA Level 1 Biology (90927) 2016 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927) Evidence Statement Question One No response

More information

Allelopathy In Trees

Allelopathy In Trees Allelopathy In Trees by Dr. Kim D Coder, Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia 4/99 Trees have developed in ecological systems filled with many other organisms. The environment,

More information

19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes

More information

Viruses in Camellias. Simon W. Scott. Clemson University

Viruses in Camellias. Simon W. Scott. Clemson University Viruses in Camellias Simon W. Scott Clemson University 1 In plants all viruses are graft-transmissible agents but Not all graft-transmissible agents are viruses 2 As you are all well aware camellias are

More information

Read through Section 2.1 starting on page 57 and read/answer the questions below

Read through Section 2.1 starting on page 57 and read/answer the questions below SNC 2DI Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs SOLUTIONS Read through Section 2.1 starting on page 57 and read/answer the questions below Tree planters help to speed the process of regrowth in a forest that

More information

Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima

Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima Jing Liu, Hayley Ridgway & Eirian Jones Background Apple production in NZ widely cultivated

More information

Guidelines to Identification and Management of Plant Disease Problems: Part I. Eliminating Insect Damage and Abiotic Disorders 1

Guidelines to Identification and Management of Plant Disease Problems: Part I. Eliminating Insect Damage and Abiotic Disorders 1 PP248 Guidelines to Identification and Management of Plant Disease Problems: Part I. Eliminating Insect Damage and Abiotic Disorders 1 Monica Elliott, Ken Pernezny, Aaron Palmateer, and Nikol Havranek

More information

FRIENDLY FUNGI IN THE GARDEN

FRIENDLY FUNGI IN THE GARDEN FRIENDLY FUNGI IN THE GARDEN All the Little Creatures We Depend On For Life Michele Stanton Extension Agent for Horticulture Kenton County, KY WHAT WE LL TALK ABOUT TODAY Who lives in your soil What roles

More information

Field Guidelines for Insect Pests and Diseases of Commercial Tree Species in Uganda

Field Guidelines for Insect Pests and Diseases of Commercial Tree Species in Uganda Field Guidelines for Insect Pests and Diseases of Commercial Tree Species in Uganda The Sawlog Production Grant Scheme (SPGS) is a project of the Government of Uganda, funded by the European Union (EU),

More information

the presence of disease agents may produce serious economic and ecologic effects. These are the

the presence of disease agents may produce serious economic and ecologic effects. These are the FRM 513: Forest Diseases, Pests and Forest Protection Plants interact with their environment and other organisms in a wide range of ways. The plants most fit to survive are in balance with their environment.

More information

Plant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization

Plant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules 1

More information

Effects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem

Effects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem California Avocado Association 1935 Yearbook 20: 125-129 Effects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem Charles A. Schroeder Because of the comparatively recent discovery of the avocado disease

More information

Plant Biology Biology Concepts of Biology 10.1

Plant Biology Biology Concepts of Biology 10.1 Plant Biology Biology 100 - Concepts of Biology 10.1 Name Instructor Lab Section Objectives: To gain an understanding of: The anatomy and physiology of plants Transport of water and nutrients Plant reproductive

More information