Chapter 7: Photosynthesis

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 7: Photosynthesis"

Transcription

1 Chapter 7: Photosynthesis

2 Electromagnetic Spectrum Shortest wavelength Longest wavelength Gamma rays X-rays UV radiation Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Radio waves

3 Photons Packets of light energy Each type of photon has fixed amount of energy Photons having most energy travel as shortest wavelength (blue-violet light)

4 Visible Light shortest wavelengths (most energetic) gamma rays x rays range of most radiation reaching Earth s surface ultraviolet radiation near-infrared radiation range of heat escaping from Earth s surface infrared radiation microwaves longest wavelengths (lowest energy) radio waves VISIBLE LIGHT Wavelengths of light (nanometers) Wavelengths humans perceive as different colors Violet (380 nm) to red (750 nm) Longer wavelengths, lower energy Fig. 7-2, p.108

5 Pigments Colors you can see are the wavelengths not absorbed These light catching particles capture energy from the various wavelengths.

6 Variety of Pigments Chlorophylls a and b Carotenoids - orange Anthocyanins - purple/red Phycobilins - red Xanthophylls - yellow

7 Wavelength absorption (%) Chlorophylls chlorophyll a chlorophyll b Wavelength (nanometers)

8 percent of wavelengths absorbed Accessory Pigments Carotenoids, Phycobilins, Anthocyanins beta-carotene phycoerythrin (a phycobilin) wavelengths (nanometers)

9 Pigments Fig. 7-3a, p.109

10 Pigments Fig. 7-3b, p.109

11 Pigments Fig. 7-3c, p.109

12 Pigments Fig. 7-3d, p.109

13 PB10o&feature=fvsr Fig. 7-3e, p.109

14 Pigments Fig. 7-3e, p.109

15 Pigments in Photosynthesis Bacteria Pigments in plasma membranes Plants Pigments and proteins organized in chloroplast membranes

16 T.E. Englemann s Experiment Background Certain bacterial cells will move toward places where oxygen concentration is high Photosynthesis produces oxygen

17 T.E. Englemann s Experiment

18 T.E. Englemann s Experiment Fig. 7-5, p.110

19 Linked Processes Photosynthesis Energy-storing pathway Releases oxygen Requires carbon dioxide Aerobic Respiration Energy-releasing pathway Requires oxygen Releases carbon dioxide

20 Photosynthesis Equation 12H 2 O + 6CO 2 Water Carbon Dioxide LIGHT ENERGY 6O 2 + C 2 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O Oxygen Glucose Water In-text figure Page 111

21 Chloroplast Structure two outer membranes stroma inner membrane system (thylakoids connected by channels) Fig. 7-6, p.111

22 Photosynthesis Fig. 7-6a, p.111

23 Photosynthesis two outer membranes thylakoid compartment thylakoid membrane system inside stroma stroma Fig. 7-6b, p.111

24 Photosynthesis SUNLIGHT H 2 O O 2 CO 2 lightdependant reactions NADPH, ATP NADP +, ADP sugars lightindependant reactions CHLOROPLAST Fig. 7-6c, p.111

25 Where Atoms End Up Reactants 12H 2 O 6CO 2 Products 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 6H 2 O

26 Two Stages of Photosynthesis sunlight water uptake carbon dioxide uptake ATP LIGHT- DEPENDENT REACTIONS ADP + P i NADPH NADP + LIGHT- INDEPENDENT REACTIONS P glucose oxygen release new water

27 Light-Dependent Reactions Pigments absorb light energy, give up e -, which enter electron transfer chains Water molecules split, ATP and NADH form, and oxygen is released Pigments that gave up electrons get replacements

28 LIGHT- HARVESTING COMPLEX PHOTOSYSTEM II sunlight PHOTOSYSTEM I H + NADPH e - e - e - e - e - e - H 2 O e - O 2 H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + NADP + + H + thylakoid compartment thylakoid membrane stroma cross-section through a disk-shaped fold in the thylakoid membrane ADP + P i H + ATP Fig. 7-8, p.113

29 Arrangement of Photosystems water-splitting complex thylakoid compartment H 2 O 2H + 1/2O 2 P680 P700 acceptor acceptor PHOTOSYSTEM II pool of electron carriers stroma PHOTOSYSTEM I

30 Photosystem Function: Harvester Pigments Most pigments in photosystem are harvester pigments When excited by light energy, these pigments transfer energy to adjacent pigment molecules Each transfer involves energy loss

31 Photosystem Function: Reaction Center Energy is reduced to level that can be captured by molecule of chlorophyll a This molecule (P700 or P680) is the reaction center of a photosystem Reaction center accepts energy and donates electron to acceptor molecule

32 Electron Transfer Chain Adjacent to photosystem Acceptor molecule donates electrons from reaction center As electrons pass along chain, energy they release is used to produce ATP

33 Pigments in a Photosystem reaction center

34 Cyclic Electron Flow Electrons are donated by P700 in photosystem I to acceptor molecule flow through electron transfer chain and back to P700 Electron flow drives ATP formation No NADPH is formed

35 Cyclic Electron Flow electron acceptor e e electron transfer chain e Electron flow through transfer chain sets up conditions for ATP formation at other membrane sites. ATP e

36 Noncyclic Electron Flow Two-step pathway for light absorption and electron excitation Uses two photosystems Produces ATP and NADPH Involves photolysis - splitting of water

37 Machinery of Noncyclic Electron Flow photolysis H 2 O e second electron transfer chain PHOTOSYSTEM II first electron transfer chain NADP + PHOTOSYSTEM I e NADPH ADP + P i ATP SYNTHASE ATP

38 Potential to transfer energy (volts) Energy Changes e e first transfer chain e e second transfer chain NADPH (Photosystem I) (Photosystem II) H 2 O 1/2O 2 + 2H +

39 PHOTOSYSTEM II p680* PHOTOSYSTEM I p700* e - NADPH NADH + photon p700 p680 2H 2 O 4H + + O 2 Noncyclic Pathway of ATP and NADPH Formation Fig. 7-9b, p.114

40 Chemiosmotic Model of ATP Formation Electrical and H + concentration gradients are created between thylakoid compartment and stroma H + flows down gradients into stroma through ATP synthesis Flow of ions drives formation of ATP

41 Chemiosmotic Model for ATP Formation Photolysis in the thylakoid compartment splits water H + is shunted across membrane by some components of the first electron transfer chain Gradients propel H + through ATP synthases; ATP forms by phosphate-group transfer H 2 O e acceptor PHOTOSYSTEM II ADP + P i ATP SYNTHASE ATP

42 Light-Independent Reactions Synthesis part of photosynthesis Can proceed in the dark Take place in the stroma Calvin-Benson cycle

43 Calvin-Benson Cycle Overall reactants Carbon dioxide ATP NADPH Overall products Glucose ADP NADP +

44 6CO 2 Calvin- ATP Benson 6 RuBP 12 PGA 12 Cycle 6 ADP ATP Calvin-Benson cycle 12 ADP + 12 P i 12NADPH 4 P i 12 NADP + 10 PGAL 12 PGAL 1 P i 1 phosphorylated glucose Fig. 7-10b, p.115

45 6 CO 2 (from the air) Calvin- Benson Cycle CARBON FIXATION 6 6 RuBP unstable intermediate 12 PGA 6 ADP 6 ATP 4 P i 10 PGAL 2 PGAL P i 12 PGAL 12 ATP 12NADPH 12 ADP 12 P i 12 NADP + P glucose

46 Calvin- Benson Cycle THESE REACTIONS PROCEED IN THE CHLOROPLAST S STROMA Fig. 7-10a, p.115

47 The C3 Pathway In Calvin-Benson cycle, the first stable intermediate is a three-carbon PGA Because the first intermediate has three carbons, the pathway is called the C3 pathway

48 Photorespiration in C3 Plants On hot, dry days stomata close Inside leaf Oxygen levels rise Carbon dioxide levels drop Rubisco attaches RuBP to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide Only one PGAL forms instead of two

49 C3 Plants Fig. 7-11a1, p.116

50 C3 Plants upper epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll lower epidermis stoma leaf vein air space Basswood leaf, cross-section. Fig. 7-11a2, p.116

51 Stomata closed: CO 2 can t get in; O 2 can t get out C3 Plants Rubisco fixes oxygen, not carbon, in mesophyll cells in leaf RuBP Calvin-Benson Cycle 6 PGA + 6 glycolate 5 PGAL 6 PGAL 1 PGAL CO 2 + water Twelve turns of the cycle, not just six, to make one 6-carbon sugar Fig. 7-11a3, p.117

52 C4 Plants Carbon dioxide is fixed twice In mesophyll cells, carbon dioxide is fixed to form four-carbon oxaloacetate Oxaloacetate is transferred to bundle-sheath cells Carbon dioxide is released and fixed again in Calvin-Benson cycle

53 C4 Plants Fig. 7-11b1, p.117

54 C4 Plants upper epidermis mesophyll cell bundlesheath cell lower epidermis Basswood leaf, cross-section.

55 Carbon fixed in the mesophyll cell, malate diffuses into adjacent bundlesheath cell In bundle-sheath cell, malate gets converted to pyruvate with release of CO 2, which enters Calvin-Benson cycle pyruvate C4 cycle oxaloacetate malate CO 2 RuBP Calvin- 12 PGAL Benson Cycle 10 PGAL 2 PGAL PEP Stomata closed: CO 2 can t get in; O 2 can t get out 12 PGAL C4 Plants 1 sugar Fig. 7-11b3, p.117

56 CAM Plants Carbon is fixed twice (in same cells) Night Carbon dioxide is fixed to form organic acids Day Carbon dioxide is released and fixed in Calvin- Benson cycle

57 CAM Plants Fig. 7-11c1, p.117

58 stoma epidermis with thick cuticle mesophyll cell air space CAM Plants Fig. 7-11c2, p.117

59 Stomata stay closed during day, open for CO 2 uptake at night only. CAM Plants C4 cycle operates at night when CO 2 from aerobic respiration fixed C4 CYCLE CO 2 that accumulated overnight used in C3 cycle during the day Calvin- Benson Cycle 1 sugar Fig. 7-11c3, p.117

60 Summary of Photosynthesis light 12H 2 O LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS 6O 2 ADP + P i ATP NADP + NADPH LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS 6CO 2 PGA RuBP CALVIN- BENSON CYCLE PGAL 6H 2 O P C 6 H 12 O 6 (phosphorylated glucose) end product (e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose) Figure 7-14 Page 120

61 Photoautotrophs Capture sunlight energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis Plants Some bacteria Many protistans

62 Photoautotrophs Winter NORTH AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN SPAIN AFRICA Spring Fig. 7-13, p.119

63 Satellite Images Show Photosynthesis Atlantic Ocean Photosynthetic activity in spring Figure 7-13 Page 119

64 sunlight Light- Dependent Reactions 12H 2 O 6O 2 ADP + P i ATP NADPH NADP + Light- Independent Reactions 6CO 2 6 RuBP Calvin- Benson cycle 12 PGAL 6H 2 O phosphorylated glucose end products (e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose) Fig. 7-14, p.120

65 Fig. 7-15, p.121

66 Fig. 7-16a, p.121

67 Fig. 7-16b, p.121

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 7. Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 7. Where It Starts - Photosynthesis PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 7 Where It Starts - Photosynthesis IMPACTS, ISSUES: SUNLIGHT AND SURVIVAL Plants are autotrophs, or self-nourishing organisms The first autotrophs filled Earth s atmosphere with

More information

Where It Starts: Photosynthesis. Chapter 5

Where It Starts: Photosynthesis. Chapter 5 Where It Starts: Photosynthesis Chapter 5 Photosynthesis Metabolic Pathways Converts light energy to chemical energy. Photoautotrophs Organisms that can perform photosynthesis Cyanobacteria (prokaryotic-no

More information

Sunlight and Survival. Plants are photoautotrophs; they use sunlight and CO2 to produce sugar in the process of photosynthesis

Sunlight and Survival. Plants are photoautotrophs; they use sunlight and CO2 to produce sugar in the process of photosynthesis Photosynthesis Sunlight and Survival Plants are photoautotrophs; they use sunlight and CO2 to produce sugar in the process of photosynthesis Energy From The Sun Many kinds of energy Wavelengths of visible

More information

Photosynthesis (Chapter 7 Outline) A. For life based on organic compounds, two questions can be raised:

Photosynthesis (Chapter 7 Outline) A. For life based on organic compounds, two questions can be raised: Photosynthesis (Chapter 7 Outline) Sun, Rain, and Survival A. For life based on organic compounds, two questions can be raised: 1. Where does the carbon come from? 2. Where does the energy come from to

More information

Lecture 9: Photosynthesis

Lecture 9: Photosynthesis Lecture 9: Photosynthesis I. Characteristics of Light A. Light is composed of particles that travel as waves 1. Comprises a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum B. Radiation varies in wavelength

More information

6.3 Overview of Photosynthesis

6.3 Overview of Photosynthesis 6.3 Overview of Photosynthesis Chloroplast location of photosynthesis in plants and protists 3 membranes 2 make up the stroma Semifluid matrix Location of sugar production 1 makes up the thylakoid membrane

More information

Chapter 6 Where It Starts Photosynthesis

Chapter 6 Where It Starts Photosynthesis Chapter 6 Where It Starts Photosynthesis 6.1 Biofuels Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels the remains of ancient forests, a limited resource Biofuels such as oils, gases, or alcohols are

More information

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). photons SUN

More information

Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Overview of Photosynthesis 2. Light Absorption 3. The Light Reactions 4. The Calvin Cycle 1. Overview of Photosynthesis Chapter Reading pp. 185-190, 206-207 What is Photosynthesis?

More information

Photosynthesis (Outline)

Photosynthesis (Outline) Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) 3. Plant structures: organ, tissue, cells, sub-cellular organelle,

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Botany Department B.N.D. College

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Botany Department B.N.D. College PHOTOSYNTHESIS Botany Department B.N.D. College Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules

More information

Chapter 6. Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis. Lectures by Gregory Ahearn. University of North Florida. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6. Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis. Lectures by Gregory Ahearn. University of North Florida. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 What Is Photosynthesis? Life on earth depends on photosynthesis.

More information

Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

Where It Starts - Photosynthesis Where It Starts - Photosynthesis What Is Photosynthesis? The Rainbow Catchers Making ATP and NADPH Making Sugars Alternate Pathways What is Photosynthesis? Energy flow through ecosystems begins when photosynthesizers

More information

Chapter 10. Photosynthesis

Chapter 10. Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost

More information

Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis

Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis Most of the energy used by almost all living cells ultimately comes from the sun plants, algae, and some bacteria capture the

More information

The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to

The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to 1 The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to

More information

Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis. Chapter 7: Photosynthesis. What is Photosynthesis?

Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis. Chapter 7: Photosynthesis. What is Photosynthesis? Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis What is Photosynthesis? Answer: The capture of sunlight energy and the subsequent storage of that energy in the chemical bonds (e.g., glucose) Chemical

More information

THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists Autotrophs generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis Sunlight energy is transformed

More information

Name AP Biology Photosynthesis Notes Mrs. Laux Photosynthesis: Capturing Energy I. Chloroplasts A. Facts: 1. double membrane 2.

Name AP Biology Photosynthesis Notes Mrs. Laux Photosynthesis: Capturing Energy I. Chloroplasts A. Facts: 1. double membrane 2. Photosynthesis: Capturing Energy I. Chloroplasts A. Facts: 1. double membrane 2. not part of endomembrane system 3. semi-autonomous organelles, grow and reproduce 4. found in plants, algae, cyanobacteria,

More information

AP Biology. Chloroplasts: sites of photosynthesis in plants

AP Biology. Chloroplasts: sites of photosynthesis in plants The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to

More information

Energy Conversions. Photosynthesis. Plants. Chloroplasts. Plant Pigments 10/13/2014. Chapter 10 Pg

Energy Conversions. Photosynthesis. Plants. Chloroplasts. Plant Pigments 10/13/2014. Chapter 10 Pg Energy Conversions Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Pg. 184 205 Life on Earth is solar-powered by autotrophs Autotrophs make their own food and have no need to consume other organisms. They are the ultimate source

More information

Sunlight as an Energy Source

Sunlight as an Energy Source Photosynthesis Sunlight as an Energy Source Photosynthetic organisms use pigments to capture the energy of sunlight Photosynthesis The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using the

More information

Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere. Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy.

Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere. Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy. Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy. Responsible for O 2 in our atmosphere

More information

How do cells obtain energy from food molecules? Unit 5: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. It is an extremely simple cellular process.

How do cells obtain energy from food molecules? Unit 5: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. It is an extremely simple cellular process. Unit 5: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis How do cells obtain energy from food molecules? 1. Cellular respiration release energy from food molecules 2. Glycolysis begins the production of Energy

More information

AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction: Plant Power Plants use water and atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce a simple sugar and liberate oxygen Earth s plants

More information

Metabolism 2 Photosynthesis

Metabolism 2 Photosynthesis Metabolism 2 Photosynthesis Light energy is trapped in the form of high energy electrons. High energy electrons are used to synthesize ATP and reduce CO 2 to form carbohydrates. Oxygen is produced as a

More information

Lecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun

Lecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun Lecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun A. Identifying Photosynthetic Reactants and Products B. The Two Pathways of Photosynthesis: An Overview C. Properties

More information

Photosynthesis. Excitation of chlorophyll in a chloroplast

Photosynthesis. Excitation of chlorophyll in a chloroplast Photosynthesis The process of photosynthesis begins with light-absorbing pigments in plant cells. A pigment molecule is able to absorb the energy from light only within a narrow range of wavelengths. In

More information

Name 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light To Make Food Test Date Study Guide You must know: How photosystems convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Name 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light To Make Food Test Date Study Guide You must know: How photosystems convert solar energy to chemical energy. Name _ 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light To Make Food Test Date Study Guide You must know: How photosystems convert solar energy to chemical energy. How linear electron flow in the light reactions results

More information

Photosynthesis Overview

Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis 1 2 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by Cyanobacteria

More information

Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reac<ons

Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reac<ons Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reac

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 6

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 6 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 6 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems Chapter 5 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 1 2 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems In this section you will:

More information

Chapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lecture by Richard L. Myers

Chapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lecture by Richard L. Myers Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers Introduction:

More information

Photosynthesis (Outline)

Photosynthesis (Outline) Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) (Autotrophs: photo-autotrophs, chemo-autotrophs, electro-autotrophs,

More information

Biology: Life on Earth

Biology: Life on Earth Biology: Life on Earth Eighth Edition Lecture for Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Chapter 7 Outline 7.1 What Is Photosynthesis? p. 118 7.2 Light-Dependent Reactions: How Is Light Energy

More information

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, certain other

More information

Photosynthesis: Life from Light AP Biology

Photosynthesis: Life from Light AP Biology Photosynthesis: Life from Light Supporting a biosphere On global scale, photosynthesis is the most important process for the continuation of life on Earth u each year photosynthesis synthesizes 160 billion

More information

Photosynthesis 05/03/2012 INTRODUCTION: Summary Reaction for Photosynthesis: CO 2 : H 2 O: chlorophyll:

Photosynthesis 05/03/2012 INTRODUCTION: Summary Reaction for Photosynthesis: CO 2 : H 2 O: chlorophyll: Photosynthesis INTRODUCTION: metabolic process occurring in green plants, algae, some protists and cyanobacteria Photosynthesis is an PROCESS (building organic molecules which store radiant energy as chemical

More information

A. Structures of PS. Site of PS in plants: mostly in leaves in chloroplasts. Leaf cross section. Vein. Mesophyll CO 2 O 2. Stomata

A. Structures of PS. Site of PS in plants: mostly in leaves in chloroplasts. Leaf cross section. Vein. Mesophyll CO 2 O 2. Stomata PS Lecture Outline I. Introduction A. Structures B. Net Reaction II. Overview of PS A. Rxns in the chloroplast B. pigments III. Closer looks A. LD Rxns B. LI Rxns 1. non-cyclic e- flow 2. cyclic e- flow

More information

DAY 1 Photosynthesis. - Chemical reaction - Compared to respiration

DAY 1 Photosynthesis. - Chemical reaction - Compared to respiration DAY 1 Photosynthesis - Chemical reaction - Compared to respiration Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Song Brainpop Photosynthesis The Sun is the ultimate source of mostly all energy on Earth! Autotrophs: are

More information

Chapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko

Chapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean

More information

8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy

8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy BIOL 100 Ch. 8 1 8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis Making food from light energy Photoautotrophs Use CO2 and water to make sugars Made life possible as we know it Provides

More information

Metabolismo Biología de 12º

Metabolismo Biología de 12º DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Metabolismo Biología de 12º Nombre y Apellidos FOTOSÍNTESIS 1) Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials

More information

Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Overview Chapter 8 Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by: cyanobacteria,

More information

(A) Calvin cycle (B) Cyclic electron transfer (C) Non-cyclic electron transfer (D) Photorespiration (E) Cellular respiration

(A) Calvin cycle (B) Cyclic electron transfer (C) Non-cyclic electron transfer (D) Photorespiration (E) Cellular respiration AP Biology - Problem Drill 08: Photosynthesis No. 1 of 10 #01 1. What term does the statement below refer to? In a photosynthesis process, an electron is excited from P700 and delivered to its receptor,

More information

Photosynthesis. All Materials Cmassengale

Photosynthesis. All Materials Cmassengale Photosynthesis All Materials Cmassengale I. Capturing the Energy of Life A. All organisms require energy B. Some organisms (autotrophs) obtain energy directly from the sun and store it in organic compounds

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 8

Photosynthesis. Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by

More information

2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October

2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of 19-23 October Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which

More information

Energy can be transformed from one form to another

Energy can be transformed from one form to another LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture you will be able to: Photosynthesis 1. Understand that ENERGY can be transformed from one form to another. 2. Know that energy exist in two forms; free energy

More information

Chapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow

Chapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow COLLEGE BIOLOGY PHYSICS Chapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow Figure 8.0 Photosynthesis Figure 8.1 Earth s distribution of photosynthesis as seen via chlorophyll a

More information

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. FREE ENERGY (available for work) vs. HEAT (not available for work)

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. FREE ENERGY (available for work) vs. HEAT (not available for work) PHOTOSYNTHESIS Energy can be transformed from one form to another FREE ENERGY (available for work) vs. HEAT (not available for work) THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

More information

light-dependent reactions (i.e., light reactions)

light-dependent reactions (i.e., light reactions) LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1. Understand that ENERGY can be transformed from one form to another. 2. Know that energy exist in two forms; free energy - available

More information

Photosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth.

Photosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth. Chapter 5-Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth. To sustain and power life on Earth, the captured energy has to be released and used in

More information

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing the energy of sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars).

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing the energy of sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars). Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing the energy of sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars). Plants do photosynthesis to make their own food (sugars) and are called, photoautotrophs.

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero PREVIEW The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis Is the process

More information

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1

Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1 Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1 Agenda I. Overview (Big Pictures) of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration II. Making Glucose - Photosynthesis III. Making ATP - Cellular

More information

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and

More information

METABOLISM. What is metabolism? Categories of metabolic reactions. Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body

METABOLISM. What is metabolism? Categories of metabolic reactions. Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body METABOLISM What is metabolism? METABOLISM Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body Categories of metabolic reactions Catabolic reactions Degradation pathways Anabolic reactions Synthesis

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:

More information

Photosynthesis. Dr. Bertolotti

Photosynthesis. Dr. Bertolotti Photosynthesis Dr. Bertolotti Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air How do plants and other organisms capture energy from the sun? What is ATP and why is it useful in cells? Plants are energy producers

More information

Chapter 7. Introduction. Introduction. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes

Chapter 7. Introduction. Introduction. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes Chapter 7 hotosynthesis: Using to Make Food oweroint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction lants,

More information

4.1. Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions

4.1. Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions 4.1 Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Photosynthesis Each year, Canada s boreal forest convert 12.5 million tonnes of carbon into energy-rich compounds for billions of organisms Photosynthesis

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright

More information

1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Photosynthesis (chapter 12):

1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Photosynthesis (chapter 12): 1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Photosynthesis (chapter 12): Photosynthesis is the fixation of CO 2 and its subsequent reduction to carbohydrate, using hydrogen from water, taking

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration All cellular activities require energy. Directly or indirectly nearly all energy for life comes from the sun. Autotrophs:

More information

Section 2: Photosynthesis

Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 2: Photosynthesis Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Harvesting Light Energy Two Electron Transport Chains Producing Sugar Factors that Affect Photosynthesis Summary Bellringer Write down the primary

More information

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. They obtain everything they need by using CO 2 and inorganic compounds from the environment. Heterotrophs

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Trapping the Sun s Energy

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Trapping the Sun s Energy 1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Trapping the Sun s Energy 2 Energy is trapped in chemical bonds But where does energy come from? GLUCOSE 3 Carbohydrate sugar molecule Simple sugar, known as a monosaccharide(ex: fructose,

More information

Photosynthesis. I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B.

Photosynthesis. I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B. Photosynthesis I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location II. III. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B. Types IV. Light reactions A. Photosystems B. Photophosphorylation

More information

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Student Expectations: Cellular Energy Understand that cellular energy is temporarily stored in the nucleotide ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Describe how energy is released by ATP When the outer phosphate

More information

pigments AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions Visible light is part of electromagnetic spectrum

pigments AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions Visible light is part of electromagnetic spectrum AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html Sunlight is made up of many different wavelengths of light Your eyes see different

More information

1. Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere's food supply? A. autotrophs and heterotrophs

1. Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere's food supply? A. autotrophs and heterotrophs Sample Questions: Chapter 7 1 Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere's food supply? A autotrophs and heterotrophs B consumers and heterotrophs C heterotrophs D autotrophs E consumers 2

More information

1 Which of the following organisms do NOT carry on photosynthesis?

1 Which of the following organisms do NOT carry on photosynthesis? 1 Which of the following organisms do NOT carry on photosynthesis? plants algae some bacteria 2 3 animals The correct description of the relationship between photosynthesis and the living world is. herbivores,

More information

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis converts solar energy

More information

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 Process Location Reactants (Starting) Products (Ending) Light Reactions Calvin Cycle Introduction to Photosynthesis Mrs. Meyer Target SWBAT describe the reactants

More information

Section 2 The Calvin Cycle

Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Objectives Summarize the main events of the Calvin cycle. Describe what happens to the compounds that are made in the Calvin cycle. Distinguish between C 3, C 4, and CAM plants.

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: THE LIGHT REACTIONS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: THE LIGHT REACTIONS PHOTOSYNTHESIS: THE LIGHT REACTIONS ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O Organic + O molecules 2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria 1 PHOTOAUTOTROPHS The producers of the biosphere AUTOTROPH means self

More information

Section 1 The Light Reactions. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle. Resources

Section 1 The Light Reactions. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle. Resources How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or

More information

Life on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules).

Life on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules). Photosynthesis Life on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules). Organisms obtain organic compounds by one

More information

The conversion of usable sunlight energy into chemical energy is associated with the action of the green pigment chlorophyll.

The conversion of usable sunlight energy into chemical energy is associated with the action of the green pigment chlorophyll. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted

More information

Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The Chloroplast. Photosynthetic prokaryotes. The Chloroplast

Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The Chloroplast. Photosynthetic prokaryotes. The Chloroplast Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall 2008 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy 1 Photosynthesis Inputs CO 2 Gas exchange occurs through

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:

More information

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:

More information

CHAPTER 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHAPTER 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Con. 8.1 Photosynthesis process by which plants use light to make food molecules from carbon dioxide and water (chlorophyll) 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Modes of Nutrition Autotrophs self-feeders Capture free energy from physical sources in the environment Photosynthetic organisms = sunlight Chemosynthetic organisms = small inorganic

More information

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition

More information

Photosynthesis Overview

Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by:

More information

8 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece

8 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Objective: You will be able to contrast respiration

More information

Cell Energy Notes ATP THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. CELL ENERGY Cells usable source of is called ATP stands for. Name Per

Cell Energy Notes ATP THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. CELL ENERGY Cells usable source of is called ATP stands for. Name Per Cell Energy Notes Name Per THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY The Endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, engulfed other prokaryotic cells by. This resulted in the first First proposed by Explains

More information

A + B = C C + D = E E + F = A

A + B = C C + D = E E + F = A Photosynthesis - Plants obtain energy directly from the sun - Organisms that do this are autotrophs (make their own food from inorganic forms) - Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions where the

More information

light-dependent reactions (i.e., light reactions)

light-dependent reactions (i.e., light reactions) LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1. Understand that ENERGY can be transformed from one form to another. 2. Know that energy exist in two forms; free energy - available

More information

Photosynthesis. light

Photosynthesis. light Photosynthesis light 6CO + 6H 0 C 6 H 1 O 6 + 6O light Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen Chlorophyll pigment that absorbs light energy Absorbs red and blue light Reflects green and yellow light Chlorophyll

More information

Photosynthesis Life Is Solar Powered!

Photosynthesis Life Is Solar Powered! Photosynthesis Life Is Solar Powered! What Would Plants Look Like On Alien Planets? 1 Why Would They Look Different? Different Stars Give off Different types of light or Electromagnetic Waves The color

More information

Photosynthesis. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Photosynthesis. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:

More information

1. Photosynthesis is the process of making a simple organic molecule from inorganic compounds (molecules) utilizing light energy.

1. Photosynthesis is the process of making a simple organic molecule from inorganic compounds (molecules) utilizing light energy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS A. INTRODUCTION 1. Photosynthesis is the process of making a simple organic molecule from inorganic compounds (molecules) utilizing light energy. a. It takes energy input for synthesis.

More information

Overall, photosynthesis is the conversion of the Sun s energy to stored chemical energy. (glucose) The overall reaction for photosynthesis:

Overall, photosynthesis is the conversion of the Sun s energy to stored chemical energy. (glucose) The overall reaction for photosynthesis: A.P. Biology Chapter 10- Photosynthesis Scale: 0 - No understanding of the concept and chemical process of photosynthesis. 1- With help, a partial understanding of the reactants and products of the photosynthesis

More information

8.2 Photosynthesis Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs

8.2 Photosynthesis Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs 8.2 Photosynthesis 8.2.1 - Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs double membrane starch grain grana thylakoid internal membrane - location of the

More information

LEAF Describe the structure of A dicotyledonous leaf A Palisade cell Chloroplast 2

LEAF Describe the structure of A dicotyledonous leaf A Palisade cell Chloroplast 2 Photosynthesis By: K. Foster-McFarlane L.M.S.N.; MSc.; BSc. 602 Biology 1 LEAF Describe the structure of A dicotyledonous leaf A Palisade cell Chloroplast 2 3 4 5 6 Keisha FosterFoster-McFarlane 7 8 9

More information

Endosymbiotic Theory. p

Endosymbiotic Theory. p Endosymbiotic Theory p. 427-428 The Endosymbiotic Theory Review: What is a theory? What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? The endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time

More information

Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air 2007-2008 Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy consumers producers Heterotrophs (Animals) get their energy from eating others eat food

More information