Microbiology 221-Sec 3 Course Outline

Transcription

1 Microbiology 221-Sec 3 Course Outline John Griffith Office Number: Ben 294-A Phone Number: Office Hours: 9 a.m. Daily. Text: Microbiology: An Introduction, by Tortora Description: Objectives: Academic Rigor: The course is designed for the student who is interested in obtaining a broad understanding of the various aspects of medical microbiology. The subject matter primarily focuses on the fundamental life processes of procaryotic cells including their role in infectious diseases, how we contact them, our immune responses to infection, and methods used to control them. The enormous impact of microorganisms on every phase of our lives will be stressed. The student should be able to demonstrate a knowledge of the fundamental life processes in microorganisms at the molecular level; to differentiate the various disease causing microorganisms: to be able to list both harmful and helpful attribute of microorganisms; to understand how animals develop resistance and immunity to diseases; and to be familiar with the manner in which microorganisms gain entry into the body, establish themselves, and produce disease. As you submerge yourself into the processes involved in driving microscopic life, you will find microbiology to be creative and awe-inspiring. However, like any subject you study, it can be approached at several levels. It has been shown that when an introductory course fails to encourage a student to proceed far enough into the subject, the student is not likely to know or care enough about the subject to maintain an acquaintance with it in the future. This course is designed to provoke students to think critically, and in depth over biological issues. The examinations will be challenging, and the final will be a comprehensive test of all the material covered during the Semester. Earning an A grade will require consistent, top-notch performance. Requirements: Prerequisite: This course is an introduction to Microbiology. It should not however, be confused with an introduction to biology. A good general knowledge of biology particularly with regards to the function and structure of the cell is essential to your survival in this class. Honor code: All students agree to adhere to the Honor Code when they apply to Ricks College. It is expected that their dress, grooming and conduct will show integrity in honoring that agreement. Reading: A reading schedule is provided. Students are expected to have at least skimmed the indicated sections of the text to become familiar with the material before coming to lecture.

2 Quizzes: Several quizzes will be given during the course of the semester. These quizzes may or may not be announced beforehand. They will be taken at the beginning of the class and will generally cover the scheduled reading for the day. Three unit exams and a final exam will be given during the course of the semester. All exams except the final exam will be given in the Testing Center. All exams are comprehensive over material covered up to that point in class. The final will include all information covered through the entire class. All exams should be completed by the test deadline. You will not be able to take exams after the test deadline has ended. (Exceptions may occur in extreme circumstance. In this event prior arrangements should be made when possible). The final exam will be given At the schedualed time in class. You should not make plans to leave school before taking your scheduled final. Disabilities: In compliance with applicable disability law, qualified students with a disability may be entitled to reasonable accommodation. It is the student s responsibility to disclose to the teacher any special need she/he may have before the end of the first week of class. Grading: % = A 80-82% = B % = D % = A % = C % = D 87-89% = B % = C 50-54% = D % = B 65-69% = C- 0-50% = F-

3 Date Subject Reading Jan 5 Introduction 8 Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells Ch 4 pg Cell Wall Structure Ch 4 pg Functions of Membrane and Organelles Ch 4 pg Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Ch 4 pg Energy Production Ch 5 pg Carbohydrate Catabolism Ch 5 pg Microbial growth Ch 6 pg Culture Media Ch 6 pg Control of Microbial Growth Ch 7 pg Chemical Methods of control Ch 7 pg EXAM: Jan 30 - Feb 1 Ch 4, 5, 6, and 7 31 Barriers at the Body Surface Ch 16 pg Feb 2 Inflamation and cytokines Ch 16 pg Phagocytosis and Fever Ch 16 pg and Complement system and Interferon Ch 16 pg APC and T-helper activation Ch 17 pg Cell Mediated Immunity Ch 17 pg IL-2, the Second Signal Ch 17 pg B-Cell Activation Ch 17 pg Antibody structure and function Ch 17 pg and Vaccines Ch 18 pg EXAM: Feb Ch 16, 17, and Viruses Ch 13 pg Lytic and Lysogenic stages Ch 13 pg March 2 Life cycle of Animal viruses Ch 13 pg Spread of Infection and Patterns of Disease Ch 14 pg How a Pathogen Invades a Host Ch 15 pg How a Pathogen Evades the Immune System Ch 15 pg How a Pathogen Damages a Host Ch 15 pg Pathogenic properties of viruses Ch 15 pg EXAM: Nov Ch 13, 14, and Measles, Herpes and Tetanus Ch 21and Polio and Common cold. Ch 22 and Tuberculosis and RSV Ch Influenza Ch 24 pg and Hepatitis, MumpsCh 25 pg Travelers Diarrhea Ch Botulism Ch 25 April 2 West Nile virus Ch 20 FINAL EXAM Friday April 6 at 11:20 p.m. in class. Please schedule your departure from Rexburg to reflect this time. *The above schedule is only a best estimation of the time line that will actually occur in class. The instructor reserves the right to make changes as he deems necessary to enhance students experience in the course. All changes will be announced in class. It is the students responsibility be aware of these changes by attending class or making other appropriate arrangements.

4 Microbiology 221 Study Outline Exam 1 Chapter 4 1. List the distinguishing characteristics of procaryotes from eucaryotes. 2. Identify and name the three basic shapes of bacteria in their various arrangements. 3. Be able to identify the four basic types of flagellar arrangements. 4. What is the function of each of the following prokaryotic cell structures: Axial filaments, fimbriae, pili, glycocalyx, cell wall and cell membrane. 5. Discuss the various methods by which material is passed across the plasma membrane. Which are energy (ATP) dependant? Which are energy (ATP) independent? 6. Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of what advantage is an endospore to a bacterial cell? 7. Diagram and label the various structures of both gram+ and gram - bacterial cell walls. 8. Which sugar is the peptide cross bridge linked to? Which sugar is the tetrapeptide linked to? 9. What is the function of teichoic acid in Gram + cell walls. 10. Discuss why the lipopolysaccharide layer is clinically important? 11. Describe the various functions that the outer membrane of a gram-bacteria serve. 12. What is the function of the periplasmic space? 13. Name the various types of proteins in the bacteria cell wall. What is the function of each? 14. How does the flagella of eucaryotes differ from the flagella of procaryotes? 15. What is the function of the following eucaryotic organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, cilia, and vacuoles. 16. Discuss the evidence that supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis of eucaryotic evolution. 17. Define the following terms: chemotaxis, run and tumble, capsule, pilin, hypotonic, hypertonic, lysozyme, and, active transport. Chapter 5 1. Define the following terms: Metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, aerobic respiration, and fermentation. 2. What is meant by oxidation-reduction. Explain how ATP is generated by oxidation-reduction reactions in the electron transport. What is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration. 3. Know figure 5.16 and table 5.3. ( be sure to know the beginning reactant entering each pathway as well as the final end product leaving it). 4. To break down a glucose molecule completely, how many passes through the krebs cycle are required? 5. Describe the location where each of the following events occur in eukaryotic organisms. Glycolysis, + Krebs cycle, electron transport, and build up of H ions. 6. Where do each of the events listed in question 5 occur in prokaryotic organisms? 7. In fermentation, NADH is oxidized to NAD without the production of ATP. How do organisms which + ferment carbohydrates generate ATP?

5 Chapter 6 1. Define growth as pertaining to microorganisms. 2. What are three important physical requirements for bacterial growth? 3. Name the three temperature classes that bacteria are grouped into. What is the optimal temperature for each class? 4. Contrast the difference between the terms obligative and faculatitive. 5. At what ph does most bacteria grow? 6. Name the three ph classes that bacteria are grouped into. 7. Define plasmolysis, halophiles, aerobes, anaerobes microaerophile, Facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant. 8. What nutritional chemicals are needed for bacterial growth? Describe the purpose for each one. 9. What are trace elements, and what are they used for? 10. What are organic growth factors? 11. What is Agar? Identify the characteristics that are important for its use in laboratory media. 12. Compare and contrast each of the following types of media: Chemically defined media, Complex media, Anaerobic growth media, selective media, deferential media and enrichment broth. Chapter 7 1. When heating a substance to eliminate microbes, how would you describe their pattern of death? 2. Understand how the American official Analytical Chemist s dilution test works. What microorganisms are used in the test as a standard? 3. What is the difference between a bactericidal and a bacteriostatic solution? 4. How effective is pasteurization as a means of killing bacteria? 5. Under what circumstances would you use membrane filtration instead of an autoclave? 6. What disinfecting agent does Bleach use to kill microbes? 7. At what concentration is ethyl alcohol most effective at killing bacteria? 8. What is the mechanism by which alcohol kills microbes? 9. Why is selenium used is some shampoos? 10. What is the decimal reduction time? 11. How do phenolics exert there action of microbial control?

6 12. Define the following terms: disinfectant, antiseptic, TDT, tincture, Iodophor, sterilization. Further Study-guide for Exams 2 and 3 can be found on the class web site.