CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES
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1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES Cell Theory 1. All living things 2. Cells are the. 3. Cells are produced All Living things have cells a. Unicellular b. Multicellular Types of Cells a. Prokaryote: i. Always ii. Lacks iii. Few iv. Bacteria are the only group of organisms that are prokaryote. b. Eukaryote: v. Are unicellular or Multicellular. vi. Has many vii. Has specialized Ex. viii. All other living things. Ex. Cell Organelles a. Little organs with specific jobs in the cell. In the following table is a sample analogy for the cell: The Cell is Like a Cell Phone Factory The Differences (at the end of ppt) Animal Shape Organelles: a. b. Plant Shape Organelles: a. b. c.
2 Organelle (Plant/Animal/Both) Organelle Function Organelle Facts Sample Analogy Organelle Image Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromatin Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth/ Rough
3 Organelle (Plant/Animal/Both) Organelle Function Organelle Facts Sample Analogy Organelle Image Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Centriole Chloroplasts Cell wall Central Vacuole or Vacuoles Vesicle
4 CELL ENERGY NOTES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION All nutrients must be broken down to Breakdown of nutrients to glucose occurs by. Make glucose through Photosynthesis Get glucose from food Release energy from glucose through cellular respiration and ATP Production Photosynthesis: WHERE: WHO: WHY: WHEN: Two Reactions happen in photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions: 1. Light is absorbed by 2. Light splits water into 3. Energy from this split is used to make Dark Reactions- Calvin Cycle Steps 1. Energy from ATP used to make ( ) from and 2. Oxygen is Photosynthesis Equation: Cellular Respiration: WHERE: WHO: WHY: The Equation: carbon dioxide & water are leftovers
5 Two Types of Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Three Steps Anaerobic Fermentation (ok for small things) It s a 3 STEP PROCESS Why:! Glycolysis: Happens in the to break down All living things do Krebs Cycle: In the, makes (not efficient) Electron Transport: In the mitochondria, makes of ATP ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate The Big Picture: All nutrients must be broken down to must be converted to ANALOGY: ATP continued: The main molecule used by organisms Energy is Stored in the a bond energy ATP ADP a bond energy ADP ATP Cellular Energy in the form of ATP gets used to drive cell processes EX: Cell Division Cell Transport
6 CELL TRANSPORT NOTES Several items make Cell Transport possible 1. The ( ) 2. A 3. Selective Permeability 4. Membrane Bound Selective Permeability: A property of biological membranes that allows substances to cross the more easily than others. Concentration Gradient: The in the amount of solution on each side of a. The Phospholipid Head: Tail: i. Hydro: Water ii. Philia: Love iii. Phobia: Hates Heads, tails...the membrane forms a Types of Cellular Transport Passive Transport Active Transport Diffusion Needs Carrier Proteins Facilitated Diffusion Requires ATP Need Channel Proteins Endocytosis No ATP Exocytosis I. Passive Transport a. Diffusion: The tendency of a substance to move from an area of to an area of across a in which the cell expends. b. Facilitated Diffusion: The process of transporting by during requires output. Needs:
7 II. Active Transport Needs: Transport of molecules a (from to ) using in the cell membrane and from. a. Exocytosis: The release of materials Ex. b. Endocytosis: The taking of materials Ex. How does that look in a cell? A. B. C. Exocytosis: The of materials (pooping) Endocytosis: The of materials from (eating) Cell Size and Diffusion Cells must remain to diffusion. The a cells volume becomes the efficient it becomes. a. Prokaryotes b. Animal Cells (Eukaryotic) Surface Area of cells must be larger than its size ( ). Solutions and Cells o Solvent: o Solute: o Solution: Simple Rule: Salt Sucks! When salt is or the cell, it water in its direction. o thing applies for other Solutions and Cells
8 All solutions want to be on sides of the, for. Substances in solution have special vocabulary to describe them. Hypertonic: o The conc. of solute the cell is than the conc.. o The solution is. o of the cell until is reached. The cell will and mass. Hypotonic: o The conc. of solute the cell is than the conc.. o The solution is. o in the cell until is reached. The cell will and mass Isotonic: The conc. of solute and are. The solution. Water diffuses and at rates. net change in or. Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Water moves out Cell Shrinks Water moves in Cell Swells Water moves in and out Cell Size remains same Why doesn t the Glucose () move into the cell?
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