KING KHALID UNIVERSITY

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1 KING KHALID UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS COURSE SCHEDULE MALE SECTION PHYSICAL PHARMACY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES/CLINICAL PHARMACY BY PROF DR MOHAMED FATHY Academic Session st Semester September January

2 Course Specification Course title Physical Pharmacy Course code (PHT 201) Credit hours 4 hours (3 Theoretical hours + 1 Practical hour) Program(s) in which the course is offered BACHELOR OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES/ CLINICAL PHARMACY College of Pharmacy Name of faculty member responsible for PROF DR MOHAMED FATHY the course Lecture Timings Theory Lecture Timings Practical 3 hours 1 hour Level/year at which this course is offered Pre-requisites for this course (if any) Co-requisites for this course (if any) Location if not on main campus Total number of teaching weeks Total number of lectures Theory Total number of Practical Hours Third/Second year No Pre-requiste No Co-requiste KKU Alsamer campus, Alsamer (Female) 15 weeks 45 hours 15 hours Course Description This course will introduce to the students the basic physical and physicochemical sciences involved in the study of pharmaceutics. Topics will cover states of matter, phase equilibria, thermodynamics, solution of non-electrolytes, solutions of electrolytes, buffered and isotonic solutions, surface and interfacial phenomena, colloids, and rheology. A major focus of the course will be how these areas are related and applied to the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutics. 2

3 THE MAIN LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE COURSE To review student knowledge about the basic physical and physicochemical sciences involved in the study of pharmaceutics. To enable the student to practice various methods of measurements of surface and interfacial tensions, types of flow of liquids and determination of physical properties and the appropriate selection of isotonic buffered solution and preparation of it. To familiarize the student with the common procedures for application in the field of pharmacy and pharmaceutics. TEXT BOOK FOR REFERENCE 1. Martin s Physical pharmacy by Patrick J. Sinko, 5th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 3rd edition, Florence, A. T. Atwood, D. Macmillan Press Ltd., London Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Vol-I & II, 20th edition, Gennaro, Alfonso R.,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Martin s Physical pharmacy by Patrick J. Sinko, 5th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 3rd edition, Florence, A. T. Atwood, D. Macmillan Press Ltd., London

4 SCHEDULE OF ASSESSMENT TASKS Quiz- I Practical-I Mid Term Exam Scientific Activities (Assignments, presentation.etc) Practical-II Final Exam Total 5 Marks 10 Marks 30 Marks 5 Marks 10 Marks 40 Marks 100 Marks Examination protocol Quiz-I A-Type of questions for Quiz I: MCQ B-Topics for Quiz- I Will be discussed in its due course MID-TERM EXAM A-Type of questions for mid-term exam: MCQ + 20% written It will consist of 24 multiple choice questions for 24 marks and 6 Marks for written questions MID-TERM EXAM WILL TAKE PLACE IN 10 TH TEACHING WEEK. Will be discussed in its due course END SEMSTER EXAM Final exam will consist of 80 multiple choice questions for 40 marks. 4

5 TEACHING SCHEDULE FORPHYSICAL PHARMACY THEORY Week No Course Content I-Binding forces between molecules Classification; dipole-dipole, dipoleinduced dipole, instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole, hydrogen bond, iondipole forces, ion-induced dipole Effect of intermolecular forces on state of matter II-States of matter: 1-The gaseous state: Gas properties, definition of ideal gas General ideal gas law, gas constant, molecular weight of a gas Liquefaction of gas, critical temperature and pressure 2-The liquid state: Liquid properties Vapor pressure Boiling point, boiling point and structure 3-The solid state Definition of crystalline, types crystal forms, x-ray diffraction Melting point definition Freezing point definition, melting point and intermolecular forces Amorphous and crystalline forms polymorphism, definition, properties, Amorphous forms, definition, properties, difference between amorphous and Name of the Faculty 1-Prof.Dr. Mohamed Fathy 5

6 crystalline III-Phase equilibria and the phase rule: Degree of freedom, phase, component, Gibb s phase rule, phase diagram for one component system as water. Two-component systems containing liquid phases as water and phenol, Example of systems showing a lower consolute temperature. Example of systems showing upper and a lower consolute temperature, Two-component systems containing solid and liquid phases: eutectic mixture as salol and thymol, freeze drying, Phase equilibria in three-component systems, triangular diagrams, ternary systems with one pair of partially miscible liquids as water, benzene and alcohol. IV-Buffers: Definition, buffer action, Henderson- Hasselbalch equation for acidic and basic buffer, Buffer capacity, approximate buffer capacity, Van Slyke's equation for buffer capacity, maximum buffer capacity, Buffers in biologic systems, pharmaceutical buffers, preparation of pharmaceutical buffer solution, importance of buffer in pharmacy Isotonic solutions, definition of hypotonic, hypertonic solution, importance of tonicity. distinction 6

7 between iso-osmotic and isotonic Methods of adjusting isotonicity; cryoscopic method, the sodium chloride equivalent, White-vincent method. 7 8 V-Solutions of non-electrolytes Definition, concentration expressions (percent by weight, percent by volume, percent by weight in volume, mole fraction, molarity, molality). Properties of solutions (colligative, additive, constitutive). Colligative properties (Osmotic pressure, vant Hoff and Morse equation), Vaporpressure lowering, boiling point elevation, ebullioscopic constant, freezing point depression, cryoscopic constant. Ideal and real solutions (Ideal behavior and Raoult s law, solutions showing negative deviation from Raoult's law, solutions showing positive deviation from Raoult's law VI-Solutions of electrolytes: Electrolysis, mechanism of electrolysis, electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, reduction, oxidation, Transference number). Colligative properties of electrolytic solutions and concentrated solutions of nonelectrolytes, 9 vant s Hoff s factor, Arhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, activity coefficients, degree of dissociation, Determination of van't Hoff factor using degree of dissociation or cryoscopic 7

8 method Activity and activity coefficient VII-Rheology: Definition, importance and units of viscosity, kinematic and relative viscosity. Types of flow, Newtonian systems and non-newtonian systems (time independent; plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant & time dependent; thixotropic and rheopectic). Determination of viscosity; Ostwald viscometer, falling sphere viscometer, cup-and-bob viscometers cone and plate viscometer. Factors affecting rheological properties, pharmaceutical & biological application of rheology to pharmacy VIII-Surface and interfacial phenomena: Definition of surface and interface, units of surface and interfacial tension, classification of interface. Measuring surface and interfacial tension, capillary rise method, DuNouy tensiometer, the stalagmometer Electric properties of interfaces, effect of electrolytes, Surface-active agents, classification of surface active agents, hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB), applications of surfactants to pharmacy; micelle formation and solubilization, antibacterial activity, foam formation & antifoam effect, wetting effect, 8

9 emulsifying agents, shape of micelles IX-Colloids: Definition and properties Difference between molecular, colloidal and coarse dispersions pharmaceutical applications of colloids. Classification, lyophilic, lyophobic, association colloids Preparation of colloids, purification of colloids. Properties of colloids; kinetic properties; optical properties; electrical properties, zeta and Nernest potential. 9

10 TEACHING SCHEDULE FOR PHYSICAL PHARMACY PRACTICAL Week No Date List of Topics Name of the Faculty 1 17/12/1437 Introduction (Safety & Instruments ) measures 2 24/12/1437 Solutions and their properties (Measurement of solubility) 3 1/1/1438 Critical Solution Temperature 4 8/1/1438 Effect of additives on Critical Solution Temperature 5 15/1/1438 Calculation of the molecular weight of non-volatile solutes by The Boiling Point Elevation Method 6 22/1/1438 Phase equilibria in three component system 7 29/1/1438 Mid-term Practical Exam 8 6/2/1438 Partition coefficient 9 20/2/1438 Surface Tension Determination: 1-Capillary rise method 10 27/2/1438 Surface Tension Determination: 2- Drop number method 1-Prof.Dr. Mohamed Fathy 2-Lecturer. Dr. Mohamed Rahmathull a 11 5/3/ /3/ /3/ /3/1438 Determination of the interfacial tension between two liquids. Determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants Determination of the viscosity of a liquid using Ostwald viscometer Determination of the viscosity of different liquid using Ostwald viscometer 15 3/4/1438 Final Practical Exam 10

PHRC 4110 Pharmaceutics I

PHRC 4110 Pharmaceutics I CO01: Use interpretive tools for proper data handling CO01.01: Describe basic mathematics and statistic to interpret pharmaceutical data CO01.02: Work with exponents, powers, roots, logarithms, and antilogarithms