CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL. of FOODS INTRODUCTION TO THE. CRC Press. Translated by Jonathan Rhoades. Taylor & Francis Croup

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL. of FOODS INTRODUCTION TO THE. CRC Press. Translated by Jonathan Rhoades. Taylor & Francis Croup"

Transcription

1 Christos Ritzoulis Translated by Jonathan Rhoades INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY of FOODS CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business

2 Contents Introduction to the Greek edition Preface to the English edition About the author ix xi xiii Chapter 1 The physical basis of chemistry Thermodynamic systems Temperature Deviations from ideal behavior: Compressibility van der Waals equation Virial equation 9 Chapter 2 Chemical thermodynamics A step beyond temperature Thermochemistry Entropy Phase transitions Crystallization Application of phase transitions: Melting, solidifying, and crystallization of fats Chocolate: The example of cocoa butter Chemical potential 31 Chapter 3 The thermodynamics of solutions From ideal gases to ideal solutions Fractional distillation Chemical equilibrium Chemical equilibrium in solutions Ideal solutions: The chemical potential approach Depression of the freezing point and elevation of the boiling point Osmotic pressure Polarity and dipole moment Polarity and structure: Application to proteins 51 v

3 vi Contents 3.9 Real solutions: Activity and ionic strength On ph: Acids, bases, and buffer solutions Macromolecules in solution Enter a polymer Is it necessary to study macromolecules in food and biological systems in general? Intrinsic viscosity Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions Conformational entropy and entropy of mixing Enthalpy of mixing Gibbs free energy of mixing Osmotic pressure of solutions of macromolecules The Donnan effect Concentrated polymer solutions Phase separation Phase separation in two-solute systems 72 Chapter 4 Surface activity Surface tension Interface tension A special extended case Geometry of the liquid surface: Capillary effects Definition of the interface Surface activity Adsorption Thermodynamic basis of adsorption Adsorption isotherms Surfactants 90 Chapter 5 Surface-active materials What are they, and where are they found? Micelles Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), critical micelle concentration (cmc), and Krafft point Deviations from the spherical micelle The thermodynamics of self-assembly Structures resulting from self-assembly Spherical micelles Cylindrical micelles Lamellae: Membranes Hollow micelles Inverse structures Phase diagrams 112

4 Contents vii 5.8 Self-assembly of macromolecules: The example of proteins Why are all proteins not compact spheres with their few nonpolar amino acids on the inside? How do proteins behave in solution? A protein folding on its own: The Levinthal paradox What happens when proteins are heated? What is the effect of a solvent on a protein? What are the effects of a protein on its solvent? Protein denaturation: An overview Casein: Structure, self-assembly, and adsorption Adsorption and self-assembly at an interface: A complex example To what extent does the above model apply to the adsorption of a typical spherical protein? Under what conditions does a protein adsorb to a surface, and how easily does it stay adsorbed there? 124 Chapter 6 Emulsions and foams Colloidal systems Emulsions and foams nomenclature Thermodynamic considerations A brief guide to atom-scale interactions van der Waals forces Hydrogen bonds Electrostatic interactions DLVO theory: Electrostatic stabilization of colloids Solvation interactions Stereochemical interactions: Excluded volume forces Emulsification Detergents: The archetypal emulsifiers Foaming Light scattering from colloids Destabilization of emulsions and foams Gravitational separation: Creaming Aggregation and flocculation Coalescence Phase inversion Disproportionation and Ostwald ripening 153 Chapter 7 Rheology Does everything flow? Elastic behavior: Hooke's law Viscous behavior: Newtonian flow 161

5 viii Contents 7A Non-Newtonian flow Time-independent non-newtonian flow Time-dependent non-newtonian flow Complex rheological behaviors Application of non-newtonian flow: Rheology of emulsions and foams How does a gel flow? (Viscoelasticity) Methods for determining viscoelasticity Creep Relaxation Dynamic measurements: Oscillation 169 Chapter 8 Elements of chemical kinetics Diamonds are forever? Concerning velocity Reaction laws Zero-order reactions First-order reactions Inversion of sucrose Second- and higher-order reactions Dependence of velocity on temperature Catalysis Biocatalysts: Enzymes The kinetics of enzymic reactions Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee graphs 187 Bibliography 191 Index 195

Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications

Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications Tadros, Tharwat F. ISBN-13: 9783527306299 Table of Contents Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General Classification of Surface Active Agents. 1.2 Anionic Surfactants.

More information

Contents. Preface XIII. 1 General Introduction 1 References 6

Contents. Preface XIII. 1 General Introduction 1 References 6 VII Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 References 6 2 Interparticle Interactions and Their Combination 7 2.1 Hard-Sphere Interaction 7 2.2 Soft or Electrostatic Interaction 7 2.3 Steric Interaction

More information

INTERMOLECULAR AND SURFACE FORCES

INTERMOLECULAR AND SURFACE FORCES INTERMOLECULAR AND SURFACE FORCES SECOND EDITION JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI Department of Chemical & Nuclear Engineering and Materials Department University of California, Santa Barbara California, USA ACADEMIC

More information

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Hans Jürgen Butt, Karlheinz Graf, and Michael Kappl Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XI 1 Introduction

More information

Contents XVII. Preface

Contents XVII. Preface V Preface XVII 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Suspensions 1 1.2 Latexes 2 1.3 Emulsions 2 1.4 Suspoemulsions 3 1.5 Multiple Emulsions 3 1.6 Nanosuspensions 4 1.7 Nanoemulsions 4 1.8 Microemulsions 5 1.9

More information

Contents. Preface XIII

Contents. Preface XIII V Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Fundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersion of Powders into Liquids 1 1.1.1 Wetting of Powder into Liquid 1 1.1.2 Breaking of Aggregates

More information

Colloid Science Principles, methods and applications

Colloid Science Principles, methods and applications Colloid Science Principles, methods and applications Second Edition Edited by TERENCE COSGROVE School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication Contents

More information

Lecture 5: Macromolecules, polymers and DNA

Lecture 5: Macromolecules, polymers and DNA 1, polymers and DNA Introduction In this lecture, we focus on a subfield of soft matter: macromolecules and more particularly on polymers. As for the previous chapter about surfactants and electro kinetics,

More information

Contents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1

Contents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1 V Contents Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Van der Waals Forces 5 2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules 5 2.1.1 Coulomb Interaction 5 2.1.2 Monopole Dipole Interaction

More information

Foundations of. Colloid Science SECOND EDITION. Robert J. Hunter. School of Chemistry University of Sydney OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Foundations of. Colloid Science SECOND EDITION. Robert J. Hunter. School of Chemistry University of Sydney OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Foundations of Colloid Science SECOND EDITION Robert J. Hunter School of Chemistry University of Sydney OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS 1 NATURE OF COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Technological

More information

Lecture 3. Phenomena at Liquid-gas and Liquid-Liquid interfaces. I

Lecture 3. Phenomena at Liquid-gas and Liquid-Liquid interfaces. I Lecture 3 Phenomena at Liquid-gas and Liquid-Liquid interfaces. I Adsorption at Gas-Liquid interface Measurements of equilibrium adsorption surface tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate) surface analysis

More information

1 General Introduction

1 General Introduction 1 1 General Introduction Several classes of formulations of disperse systems are encountered in the chemical industry, including suspensions, emulsions, suspoemulsions (mixtures of suspensions and emulsions),

More information

KING KHALID UNIVERSITY

KING KHALID UNIVERSITY KING KHALID UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS COURSE SCHEDULE MALE SECTION PHYSICAL PHARMACY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES/CLINICAL PHARMACY BY PROF DR MOHAMED FATHY Academic Session

More information

Protein-stabilised emulsions

Protein-stabilised emulsions Proteinstabilised emulsions Ranjan Sharma 1 Emulsion definition An emulsion consists of two immiscible liquids (generally oil and water) with one liquid forming the continueous phase while the other the

More information

Molecular Driving Forces

Molecular Driving Forces Molecular Driving Forces Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry and Biology SUBGfittingen 7 At 216 513 073 / / Ken A. Dill Sarina Bromberg With the assistance of Dirk Stigter on the Electrostatics chapters

More information

SELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY A Force Balance Approach

SELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY A Force Balance Approach SELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY A Force Balance Approach Yoon S. Lee Scientific Information Analyst Chemical Abstracts Service A Division of the American Chemical Society Columbus, Ohio WILEY A JOHN WILEY

More information

PHRC 4110 Pharmaceutics I

PHRC 4110 Pharmaceutics I CO01: Use interpretive tools for proper data handling CO01.01: Describe basic mathematics and statistic to interpret pharmaceutical data CO01.02: Work with exponents, powers, roots, logarithms, and antilogarithms

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF FOODS

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF FOODS INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF FOODS Christos Ritzoulis Translated by Jonathan Rhoades INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF FOODS Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of

More information

Intermolecular and Surface Forces

Intermolecular and Surface Forces Intermolecular and Surface Forces ThirH FHitinn '' I I 111 \J& LM* КтЛ I Km I W I 1 Jacob N. Israelachvili UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, USA AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW

More information

Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science

Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science Edited by Bernard P. Binks Department of Chemistry, University ofhull, UK THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY Information Services Chapter 1 Emulsions - Recent Advances in

More information

PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; THEIR NUMERICAL ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM ADDITIVE GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS Third, completely revised edition By D.W. VÄN KREVELEN Professor-Emeritus,

More information

Classification of emulsifiers and stabilizers

Classification of emulsifiers and stabilizers EMULSIONS An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible substances whereby one substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Example oil and water. Emulsions normally have

More information

Contents. 1 Matter: Its Properties and Measurement 1. 2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory Chemical Compounds Chemical Reactions 111

Contents. 1 Matter: Its Properties and Measurement 1. 2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory Chemical Compounds Chemical Reactions 111 Ed: Pls provide art About the Authors Preface xvii xvi 1 Matter: Its Properties and Measurement 1 1-1 The Scientific Method 2 1-2 Properties of Matter 4 1-3 Classification of Matter 5 1-4 Measurement of

More information

EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION

EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Malmö Sweden The Öresund bridge, Malmö Copenhagen EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Emulsion and Nanoemulsion formation Selection of emulsifiers

More information

3 rd Food Emulsions Short Course November 13 th & 14 th, 2008 University of Massachusetts. David Julian McClements University of Massachusetts

3 rd Food Emulsions Short Course November 13 th & 14 th, 2008 University of Massachusetts. David Julian McClements University of Massachusetts 3 rd Food Emulsions Short Course November 13 th & 14 th, 2008 University of Massachusetts David Julian McClements University of Massachusetts Program Objectives Review Basic Principles of Emulsion Science

More information

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 1 Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids The state of matter (Gas, liquid or solid) at a particular temperature and pressure depends

More information

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.2 Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes I. Forces of Attraction (13.2) Intramolecular forces? (forces within) Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and metallic

More information

- intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules

- intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids - intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids - gases - average kinetic energy of

More information

Fundamentals of Interfacial Science Adsorption of surfactants

Fundamentals of Interfacial Science Adsorption of surfactants Fundamentals of Interfacial Science This brief introduction into interfacial phenomena is thought to help users of interfacial measuring technique to better understand what instrument is most suitable

More information

Engineering. Green Chemical. S. Suresh and S. Sundaramoorthy. and Chemical Processes. An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, CRC Press

Engineering. Green Chemical. S. Suresh and S. Sundaramoorthy. and Chemical Processes. An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, CRC Press I i Green Chemical Engineering An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes S. Suresh and S. Sundaramoorthy CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an

More information

Review of differential and integral calculus and introduction to multivariate differential calculus.

Review of differential and integral calculus and introduction to multivariate differential calculus. Chemistry 2301 Introduction: Review of terminology used in thermodynamics Review of differential and integral calculus and introduction to multivariate differential calculus. The properties of real gases:

More information

Contents. I Introduction 1. Preface. xiii

Contents. I Introduction 1. Preface. xiii Contents Preface xiii I Introduction 1 1 Continuous matter 3 1.1 Molecules................................ 4 1.2 The continuum approximation.................... 6 1.3 Newtonian mechanics.........................

More information

Colloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions

Colloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions Colloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions 1. What forces act on a single colloidal particle suspended in a flowing fluid? Discuss the dependence of these forces on particle radius. 2. What

More information

*blood and bones contain colloids. *milk is a good example of a colloidal dispersion.

*blood and bones contain colloids. *milk is a good example of a colloidal dispersion. Chap. 3. Colloids 3.1. Introduction - Simple definition of a colloid: a macroscopically heterogeneous system where one component has dimensions in between molecules and macroscopic particles like sand

More information

Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes

Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES SECOND EDITION NAYEF GHASEM REDHOUANE HENDA CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an Informa business Contents

More information

DEFOAMING THE SCIENCE Theory, Experiment and Applications. Peter R. Garrett. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

DEFOAMING THE SCIENCE Theory, Experiment and Applications. Peter R. Garrett. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business THE SCIENCE OF DEFOAMING Theory, Experiment and Applications Peter R. Garrett @Taylor & CRC Press Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa

More information

István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry

István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry Colloid stability István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry www.kolloid.unideb.hu (Stability of lyophilic colloids see: macromolecular solutions) Stabilities 1.

More information

Colloid & Interface Science Case Study Model Answers

Colloid & Interface Science Case Study Model Answers Colloid & Interface Science Case Study Model Answers Distance Learning Course in Cosmetic Science Society of Cosmetic Scientists Common Features Formulations were examples of lyophobic colloidal systems

More information

ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics

ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics Professor Description Course Topics TA Prerequisite Class Office Hours Chinedum Osuji 302 Mason Lab, 432-4357, chinedum.osuji@yale.edu This course covers the static and dynamic

More information

Understanding. Solid State Physics. Sharon Ann Holgate. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork

Understanding. Solid State Physics. Sharon Ann Holgate. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork Understanding Solid State Physics Sharon Ann Holgate (И CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A TAYLORS FRANCIS

More information

Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength

More information

Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink. Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited Deforestation disrupts water cycle

Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink. Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited Deforestation disrupts water cycle Chapter 3 Water: The Matrix of Life Overview n n n Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink Only 3% of world s water is fresh How has this happened Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited

More information

Contents. xiii. Preface v

Contents. xiii. Preface v Contents Preface Chapter 1 Biological Macromolecules 1.1 General PrincipIes 1.1.1 Macrornolecules 1.2 1.1.2 Configuration and Conformation Molecular lnteractions in Macromolecular Structures 1.2.1 Weak

More information

Mechanical properties of polymers: an overview. Suryasarathi Bose Dept. of Materials Engineering, IISc, Bangalore

Mechanical properties of polymers: an overview. Suryasarathi Bose Dept. of Materials Engineering, IISc, Bangalore Mechanical properties of polymers: an overview Suryasarathi Bose Dept. of Materials Engineering, IISc, Bangalore UGC-NRCM Summer School on Mechanical Property Characterization- June 2012 Overview of polymer

More information

Oxnard Union High School District Chemistry Pacing Plan SEMESTER 1

Oxnard Union High School District Chemistry Pacing Plan SEMESTER 1 Oxnard Union High School District 2013-2014 Chemistry Pacing Plan SEMESTER 1 Unit and Number of Weeks Introduction to Chemistry 1 ½ weeks CA State Standard & Sub Concepts Investigation & Experimentation

More information

Agua. Steven E. Massey, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras

Agua. Steven E. Massey, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Agua Steven E. Massey, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Office & Lab: Bioinformatics Lab NCN343B 787-764-0000 ext. 7798 stevenemassey@gmail.com Why

More information

Mohamed Daoud Claudine E.Williams Editors. Soft Matter Physics. With 177 Figures, 16 of them in colour

Mohamed Daoud Claudine E.Williams Editors. Soft Matter Physics. With 177 Figures, 16 of them in colour Mohamed Daoud Claudine E.Williams Editors Soft Matter Physics With 177 Figures, 16 of them in colour Contents 1. Droplets: CapiUarity and Wetting 1 By F. Brochard-Wyart (With 35 figures) 1.1 Introduction

More information

Material Chemistry KJM 3100/4100. Synthetic Polymers (e.g., Polystyrene, Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(ethylene oxide))

Material Chemistry KJM 3100/4100. Synthetic Polymers (e.g., Polystyrene, Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(ethylene oxide)) Material Chemistry KJM 3100/4100 Lecture 1. Soft Materials: Synthetic Polymers (e.g., Polystyrene, Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(ethylene oxide)) Biopolymers (e.g., Cellulose derivatives, Polysaccharides,

More information

INTRODUCTION TO о JLXJLA Из А lv-/xvj_y JrJrl Y üv_>l3 Second Edition

INTRODUCTION TO о JLXJLA Из А lv-/xvj_y JrJrl Y üv_>l3 Second Edition INTRODUCTION TO о JLXJLA Из А lv-/xvj_y JrJrl Y üv_>l3 Second Edition Kerson Huang CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group an Informa

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN THERMODYNAMICS

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN THERMODYNAMICS INTRODUCTION TO MODERN THERMODYNAMICS Dilip Kondepudi Thurman D Kitchin Professor of Chemistry Wake Forest University John Wiley & Sons, Ltd CONTENTS Preface xiii PART I THE FORMALIS1VI OF MODERN THER1VIODYNAMICS

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kinetic-molecular theory: Gases

More information

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter AP Chemistry Ms. Grobsky Where We Have Been And Where We Are Going In the last few chapters, we saw that atoms can form stable units called molecules by

More information

Ch. 11 States of matter

Ch. 11 States of matter Ch. 11 States of matter States of Matter Solid Definite volume Definite shape Liquid Definite volume Indefinite shape (conforms to container) Gas Indefinite volume (fills any container) Indefinite shape

More information

Ideal Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws The Mole Equations of State Dalton's Law The Mole Fraction Extensive and Intensive Variables Graham's Law of

Ideal Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws The Mole Equations of State Dalton's Law The Mole Fraction Extensive and Intensive Variables Graham's Law of Ideal Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws The Mole Equations of State Dalton's Law The Mole Fraction Extensive and Intensive Variables Graham's Law of Effusion The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution A Digression on

More information

IMFA s. intermolecular forces of attraction Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved.

IMFA s. intermolecular forces of attraction Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved. IMFA s intermolecular forces of attraction 2014 Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved. **London Dispersion Forces Also know as Van der Waals forces A momentary non symmetrical electron distribution that can

More information

Principles of Physical Biochemistry

Principles of Physical Biochemistry Principles of Physical Biochemistry Kensal E. van Hold e W. Curtis Johnso n P. Shing Ho Preface x i PART 1 MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 1 1 Biological Macromolecules 2 1.1 General Principles

More information

Chapter 7. Pickering Stabilisation ABSTRACT

Chapter 7. Pickering Stabilisation ABSTRACT Chapter 7 Pickering Stabilisation ABSTRACT In this chapter we investigate the interfacial properties of Pickering emulsions. Based upon findings that indicate these emulsions to be thermodynamically stable,

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction. Stronger forces bring molecules

More information

Contents. Introduction.

Contents. Introduction. Introduction. Chapter 1 Crystallography and 1.1 Crystal Lattices 1 1.2 Lattices and Unit Cells 1 1.3 Miller Indices 4 1.4 Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Bragg's Law 5 1.5 Typical Powder XRD Setup 7 1.6 Indexing

More information

- Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)

- Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar) 68 HOW THINGS DISSOLVE - Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)... what happens? - Water molecules pull the sugar molecules out of

More information

SOIL COLLOIDS PROPERTIES AND ION RINDING. CRC Press. University of Bueno Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina. Taylor & Francis Croup

SOIL COLLOIDS PROPERTIES AND ION RINDING. CRC Press. University of Bueno Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina. Taylor & Francis Croup SOIL COLLOIDS PROPERTIES AND ION RINDING Fernando V. Molina University of Bueno Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the

More information

1. Chemisorption is highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.

1. Chemisorption is highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Question 5.1: Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption. 1. Chemisorption is highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids State Volume Shape of State Density

More information

Water, ph and pka. Lecture 2: Margaret A. Daugherty. Fall Water: What makes it so good for life? Solvent properties.

Water, ph and pka. Lecture 2: Margaret A. Daugherty. Fall Water: What makes it so good for life? Solvent properties. Lecture 2: Water, ph and pka Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 Water: What makes it so good for life? Structure ice vs. water or more technically solid vs. liquid Solvent properties High heat capacity High

More information

PROTEIN-SOLVENT INTERACTIONS. Roger B. Gregory

PROTEIN-SOLVENT INTERACTIONS. Roger B. Gregory PROTEIN-SOLVENT INTERACTIONS Roger B. Gregory Preface Contributors iii xvii 1. The New Paradigm for Protein Research Rufus Lumry 1 I. Introduction 1 A. Purposes 1 B. Confusing Biology with Chemistry 8

More information

Heat Capacity of Water A) heat capacity amount of heat required to change a substance s temperature by exactly 1 C

Heat Capacity of Water A) heat capacity amount of heat required to change a substance s temperature by exactly 1 C CHEMISTRY Ch. 13 Notes: Water and Its Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 13.1 Notes I. Water Molecule Characteristics POLAR molecule (a

More information

Overview. Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution. Concentration terms. Colligative properties. Osmotic Pressure 2 / 46

Overview. Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution. Concentration terms. Colligative properties. Osmotic Pressure 2 / 46 1 / 46 2 / 46 Overview Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution Concentration terms Colligative properties Osmotic Pressure 3 / 46 Solutions and Colloids A solution is a homogeneous mixture

More information

CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER

CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 12.1 topics States of Matter: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA I. Kinetic Theory

More information

Chapter 13. Properties of Solutions. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Chapter 13. Properties of Solutions. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 13 Properties of John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed

More information

HEAT TRANSFER THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONICS YOUNES SHABANY. C\ CRC Press W / Taylor Si Francis Group Boca Raton London New York

HEAT TRANSFER THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONICS YOUNES SHABANY. C\ CRC Press W / Taylor Si Francis Group Boca Raton London New York HEAT TRANSFER THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONICS YOUNES SHABANY C\ CRC Press W / Taylor Si Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

More information

Tharwat F. Tadros Applied Surfactants

Tharwat F. Tadros Applied Surfactants Tharwat F. Tadros Applied Surfactants Further Titles of Interest L. L. Schramm Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions Fundamentals and Applications 2005 ISBN 3-527-30743-5 E. Smulders Laundry Detergents 2002

More information

Miami Dade College CHM Second Semester General Chemistry

Miami Dade College CHM Second Semester General Chemistry Miami Dade College CHM 1046 - Second Semester General Chemistry Course Description: CHM 1046 is the second semester of a two-semester general chemistry course for science, premedical science and engineering

More information

Interfacial forces and friction on the nanometer scale: A tutorial

Interfacial forces and friction on the nanometer scale: A tutorial Interfacial forces and friction on the nanometer scale: A tutorial M. Ruths Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Presented at the Nanotribology Tutorial/Panel Session, STLE/ASME International

More information

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Basic Theory and Methods Sixth Edition IRVING M. KLOTZ Morrison Professor Emeritus Northwestern University ROBERT M. ROSENBERG MacMillen Professor Emeritus Lawrence University Visiting

More information

Properties of Solutions. Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III. Reading Assignment. Unit Lesson UNIT III STUDY GUIDE

Properties of Solutions. Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III. Reading Assignment. Unit Lesson UNIT III STUDY GUIDE UNIT III STUDY GUIDE Properties of Solutions Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 1. Describe how enthalpy and entropy changes affect solution

More information

16 years ago TODAY (9/11) at 8:46, the first tower was hit at 9:03, the second tower was hit. Lecture 2 (9/11/17)

16 years ago TODAY (9/11) at 8:46, the first tower was hit at 9:03, the second tower was hit. Lecture 2 (9/11/17) 16 years ago TODAY (9/11) at 8:46, the first tower was hit at 9:03, the second tower was hit By Anthony Quintano - https://www.flickr.com/photos/quintanomedia/15071865580, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38538291

More information

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS Ever J. Barbero Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University USA CRC Press Taylor &.Francis Group Boca Raton London New York

More information

I. Intermolecular forces and changes in chemical state or phase

I. Intermolecular forces and changes in chemical state or phase General Chemistry II, in broad strokes I. Intermolecular forces and changes in chemical state or phase II. Solutions, solubility, and colligative properties III. Chemical Kinetics -- the study of rates

More information

Soln Notes February 17, 2017

Soln Notes February 17, 2017 Chapter 15 Solutions You are responsible for reading/notes on Section 15.4 Heterogeneous Mixtures p.476-479 What is a SOLUTION? SOLUTE vs SOLVENT Characteristics of Solutions: Soluble/ Insoluble Solvation

More information

Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids

Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Table of Contents 10.1 Intermolecular Forces 10.2 The Liquid State 10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids 10.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals 10.5

More information

Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions

Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of Dr. Ayman Nafady John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,

More information

Piezoelectric Materials and Devices

Piezoelectric Materials and Devices Piezoelectric Materials and Devices Applications in Engineering and Medical Sciences M. S. VIJAYA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis

More information

II. FLUID INTERFACES AND CAPILLARITY

II. FLUID INTERFACES AND CAPILLARITY CONTENTS Preface vii I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Interfaces 1 B. Colloids 4 C. The bridge to nanoscience 10 1. What is nanoscience? 10 2. Nanostructures and assemblies 12 3. Generic nanoscience 17 4. New tools

More information

Find molality: mass percent. molality Assume a basis of 100g solution, then find moles ammonium chloride: Find mass water: So molality is:

Find molality: mass percent. molality Assume a basis of 100g solution, then find moles ammonium chloride: Find mass water: So molality is: 66 An aqueous solution is 8.50% ammonium chloride by mass. The density of the solution is 1.024 g/ml Find: molality, mole fraction, molarity. Find molality: mass percent molality Assume a basis of 100g

More information

I can calculate the rate of reaction from graphs of a changing property versus time, e.g. graphs of volume against time

I can calculate the rate of reaction from graphs of a changing property versus time, e.g. graphs of volume against time UNIT 1 CONTROLLING THE RATE OF REACTION I can calculate the rate of reaction from graphs of a changing property versus time, e.g. graphs of volume against time I can use the reciprocal of to calculate

More information

χ A = P A Gen. Chem. II Exam I review sheet (Ch. 10, 11, 13, 14) Ch. 10 Gases behave physically similarly.

χ A = P A Gen. Chem. II Exam I review sheet (Ch. 10, 11, 13, 14) Ch. 10 Gases behave physically similarly. Gen. Chem. II Exam I review sheet (Ch. 10, 11, 13, 14) Ch. 10 Gases behave physically similarly. KMT (Kinetic Molecular Theory): particles in a gas: are in constant rapid motion are tiny compared to the

More information

Solution Formation. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. Presentation of Lecture Outlines, 12 2

Solution Formation. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. Presentation of Lecture Outlines, 12 2 Solutions Solution Formation A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, consisting of ions or molecules. (See Animation: Solution Equilibrium). A colloid, although it also appears to

More information

Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion Chapter 10 Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Behavior of Gases Physical Properties of Gases Ideal Gas an imaginary

More information

water Plays dominant role in radiation All three phases emit and absorb in longwave radiation

water Plays dominant role in radiation All three phases emit and absorb in longwave radiation 4.,4. water Plays dominant role in radiation All three phases emit and absorb in longwave radiation Some shortwave (solar) radiation is absorbed by all phases of water Principal role in the shortwave radiation

More information

Contents. 1 Introduction and guide for this text 1. 2 Equilibrium and entropy 6. 3 Energy and how the microscopic world works 21

Contents. 1 Introduction and guide for this text 1. 2 Equilibrium and entropy 6. 3 Energy and how the microscopic world works 21 Preface Reference tables Table A Counting and combinatorics formulae Table B Useful integrals, expansions, and approximations Table C Extensive thermodynamic potentials Table D Intensive per-particle thermodynamic

More information

Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions Mixtures and Solutions Section 14.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures In your textbook, read about suspensions and colloids. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. A solution is a mixture

More information

Understanding Surfactants and New Methods of Dispersing

Understanding Surfactants and New Methods of Dispersing Understanding Surfactants and New Methods of Dispersing Chemists and process engineers far and wide find that their job is commonly a neverending rush to what could be made better. Ideas on how to control

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

Final Morphology of Complex Materials

Final Morphology of Complex Materials 120314 Final Morphology of Complex Materials 1) Proteins are the prototypical model for hierarchy. a) Give the generic chemical structure for an amino acid and a protein molecule (a tripeptide). b) Label

More information

CHAPTER 10. States of Matter

CHAPTER 10. States of Matter CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,

More information

CHAPTER 10. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Five Assumptions of the KMT. Atmospheric Pressure

CHAPTER 10. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Five Assumptions of the KMT. Atmospheric Pressure Kinetic Molecular Theory CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,

More information

1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.

1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules. Chem 431A-L02-W'05 page 1 of 6 Chem 431A-L02-W'05 Summary of lecture topics discussed in lecture 2-3: 1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Gases are highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container. Gas molecules are

More information

Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions

Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006,

More information

Particle-stabilized foams

Particle-stabilized foams Particle-stabilized foams Brent S. Murray, Bernie P. Binks*, Eric Dickinson, Zhiping Du, Rammile Ettelaie & Thomas Kostakis Food Colloids Group Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds,

More information