COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS
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1 COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS Marlyn D. Laksitorini Lab. of Physical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics Dept.Pharmaceutics Gadjah Mada School of Pharmacy
2 References
3 Overview 1. Type of Dispersion 2. Example of Colloidal Dispersion 3. Type of colloidal dispersion 4. Colloidal Dispersion Properties 5. Stability of Colloidal Dispersion
4 Dispersed System consist of: Internal Phase/ Dispersed Phase Dispersed Medium
5 Physical Pharmacy I Type of Dispersion Molecular Dispersion Colloidal Dispersion Coarse Dispersion < 1.0 nm Dispersed Phase: molecules. Detection? Filtration? Diffusion? Still remember? - Intrinsic Solubility - Apparent Solubility - Partition Coefficient - Buffer and its capacity Homogenous 1.0 nm 0.5 μm Dispersed Phase: Large Molecule or particles Detection? Filtration? Diffusion? The effect of size and shape? -Energy -Color -Attraction -If it is in thread? Heterogenous 0.5 μm Dispersed phase: particles Detection? Filtration? Diffusion?
6 Molecular Dispersion (Exp:Glucose Solution) Colloidal Dispersion (Exp: Gold Colloidal Dispersion) Coarse Dispersion (Exp: Fat emulsion)
7 Physical Pharmacy II Interfacial Phenomena Rheology Colloidal & Coarse Dispersions Micromeritic Diffusion & Dissolution
8 Example of Colloidal Dispersions Why it matters? Liposome Nanoparticles Paint Milk Radioactive Colloids 198 Au 98m Tc 51 Cr
9 How to make Colloidal Dispersion? Molecular Dispersion Coarse Dispersion Condensation Method: -Solven removal -Electrochemical method Colloidal Dispersion Dispersion method: Ball mill Micronizer Homogenizer
10 Type of Colloidal Dispersion Lyophilic - Interaction between dispersed phase with medium? - Dispersed phase: organic molecules (within colloid size) - Will it be easy to make? - Viscosity? - Stability? Lyofobic - Interaction between dispersed phase with medium? - Dispersed phase? Amphiphilic/ Assosication -Interaction? -Dispersed phase? Anoganic molecule -Will it be easy to (Exp: Au, Ag) make? - Will it be easy to make? - Viscosity? - Stability? -How to make this colloid? - Viscosity? -Stability?
11 Sulphur Gold AgCl
12 Colloidal Radioapharmaka? Alginate Gold Colloidal Hyun et al, 2010, Colloids and Surfeces B: Biointerfaces, Vol 76 (1), Silver colloidal
13 Colloidal Dispersion Properties Optical Properties 1. Farraday Tyndall Effect 2. Electron Microscopy Imaging 3. Light Scattering - defining the molecular weight of dispersed phase. - defining the molecular weight of the micell. Kinetic Properties Electrical Properties 1. Brownian motion 1. Electrokinetics 2. Sedimentation Phenomena 3. Viscosity 2. Donnane 4. Diffusion Membrane Equilibrium
14 Optical Properties of Colloidal Dispersion Tyndall Faraday Effect Turbidity Chapter Colloidal Dispersion, Sinko et al, 2011, Martin s Pysical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, page
15 Viscosity η = η o ( φ) Brownian Motion (Kinetic Property of Colloids) Diffusion Osmotic Pressure Sedimentation Stokes Einstein Equation Van Hoff Equation Stokes s Law
16 Electric Properties of Colloids The Electrical Double Layer Why does the surface of dispersed phase has some charge? Electrical Double Layer? Nerst potential? Stern layer? Zeta Potential? Diffuse layer? Which one has a vital role on the colloid stability? Chapter Colloidal Dispersions, Hans Schott, 2000, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, page
17 DLVO Theory V T = V A +V R
18 DLVO Theory Continued Chapter : Electrostatic Forces between Surfaces and Liquid, Jacob N. Israelachvili, 1992, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, page
19 Chapter Electrostatic Forces between Surfaces and Liquid, Israelachvili, 1992, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, page
20
21
22 Stability of Colloid
23 Colloidal Stabilization: Electrical and Steric Stabilization Electrical Stabilization
24 LIMITATION OF ELECTRIC STABILIZATION Electrostatic stabilization is a kinetic stabilization method It is only applicable to dilute systems It is not applicable to electrolyte sensitive systems It is almost not possible to re-disperse the agglomerated particles It is difficult to apply to multiple phase systems, since in a given condition, different solids develop different surface charge and electric potential
25 Steric Stabilization/Polymeric Mostly used in stabilization of nanoparticles :::>prevent the further particle growth Chemically bonded or just physicaly adhere to the surface. Suitable for multiple phase system If the polymer been added to much medium depletion (jelly) It is not sensitive toward the electrolyte Particle always redispersible.
26 Title Page Coarse Dispersions
27 COARSE DISPERSIONS EMULSION SUSPENSIONS DLVO Theory still applied Electrical double layer still applies Stabilization of coarse dispersion is relatively the same as the colloidal dispersion
Overview. Lecture 5 Colloidal Dispersions
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