26.542: COLLOIDAL NANOSCIENCE & NANOSCALE ENGINEERING Fall 2013

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1 26.542: COLLOIDAL NANOSCIENCE & NANOSCALE ENGINEERING Fall 2013 Classes: Thurs, 6-9 pm; Ball Hall Room 208 Professor: Dr. B. Budhlall Office: Ball Hall 203B, Phone: Office hours: TBD Course Description: This course will cover the fundamentals of nanoscale colloidal processes, intermolecular forces and electrostatic phenomena at interfaces, boundary tensions and films at interfaces, electrostatic and London forces in disperse systems, interactions and self-assembly of polymer colloids, nanoparticles, surfactants and biomolecules. Applications of these fundamentals in nanoscience and nanoscale engineering will be discussed. Nanoscience leads to development of many new technologies with relevance to polymer science and plastics engineering, including Microfluidics; lab-on-a-chip; nanobiocolloids, vesicles, colloidosomes, polymersomes and polymer hydrogel microcapsules for drug delivery and nanostructured materials and devices. These emerging technologies will be presented and discussed in the second half of this course. Course Syllabus: A. FUNDAMENTALS: Types of colloidal systems, Surface thermodynamics, surface tension Contact angle, wetting and capillary phenomena Surfactants and micellar thermodynamics, surfactant phase equilibria Adsorption and adsorption isotherms, Langmuir-Blodgett layers, SAMS, wetting, surface engineering. Molecular forces overview, self-diffusion and Brownian motion Interactions of polar and dipolar molecules, dispersion forces Van der Waals forces between surfaces and particles B. INTERACTIONS: Electrostatics: Basics, effect of electrolyte and DLVO theory Colloidal interactions not described by DLVO theory Interactions between biological molecules Electrophoresis, zeta potential, Dielectrophoresis Optical phenomena and microscopy in colloidal systems Scattering methods: Light, X-ray and neutron scattering 1

2 B. APPLICATIONS: Biodegradable Polymeric Solids, Polymer Hydrogels as Biomaterials. Applications of Hydrogels: Molecular Imprinting, Glucose-sensitive Drug Delivery. Molecular Switches via Proteins and 'Smart' Polymers:-Temperature, ph, and Light-sensitive Switches. Nanoparticle and Microparticle Biomolecule Drug Carriers. - Pro-drugs, Micelles, Liposomes, Polymerosomes, Nanoparticles, and Microparticles. - Materials for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. Microfabrication: Lithographic and non-lithographic methods. Microfluidics: Fundamentals and Applications. Self-assembly of Polymers and Colloids for Electronic materials. Discussion of Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Nanotechnology Perspectives and Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Course Objectives The course will teach the attendees perform the following: 1). Identify the intermolecular and surface forces acting in various colloidal suspensions and nanoscale systems and be able to develop quantitative estimates of the strength and magnitude of these forces. 2). Develop solutions to scientific and technological problems in colloidal and microfabricated systems by application of the theory of colloidal interactions. 3) Understand the principles of colloidal and biological self-assembly, and their application, advantages and limitations in technology. 4). Apprehend various light-scattering and electric-field based techniques for characterization and manipulation of colloidal nanoparticles and be able to apply them in research. 5). Be familiar with the latest concepts in the microfabrication, microfluidics and nanotechnology. Be able to propose and engineer simple new devices by microfabrication and/or self-assembly. Textbooks and other resources "The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet", D. F. Evans and H. Wennerstrom, Wiley-VCH, "Intermolecular and Surface Forces", J. N. Israelachvili, 3 rd Ed. Academic Press, Web-based textbook in Interfacial Engineering (accessible by CDRom Dr. Budhlall will provide it): 2

3 Optional textbooks for additional practice and information "Foundations of Colloid Science", R. J. Hunter, 2 nd Ed. Oxford Univ. Press, Introduction to Modern Colloid Science, R. J. Hunter, 1 st Ed. Oxford Univ. Press, "Colloidal Dispersions", W. B. Russel, D. A. Saville and W. R. Schowalter, Cambridge Univ. Press, "Physical Chemistry of Surfaces", A. W. Adamson and A. P. Gast, Wiley Interscience, "AC Electrokinetics: Colloids and nanoparticles", H. Morgan and N. Green, Research Studies Press, Class Policies 1) Homework: The homework is due at the beginning of the Thursday lecture of the next week. 2) Discussions The class will include (4) discussion sections on recent trends and developments in colloids and nanoscience. Each of the attendees will pick one topic for one of the discussion sessions and will prepare a 10-minute presentation on the problem and current state of the art in the field. A list of suggested (but not obligatory or exclusive) topics will be handed out. The papers listed could be used as a starting base for preparation of the discussion. The students could use the material prepared for the discussion sessions for their final short term paper. 3) Exams During the semester, there will be two "mid-term" exams based on solving quantitative problems in colloidal forces and interactions. The course will have one final short-term paper, which will be based on individual literature research. 4) Grading: Exams 1 & 2: 25% each, 50% total Homework: 25% overall Literature research project (discussion and short-term paper): 25% Both mid-term exams are open book, open notes, done individually. In grading the exams and homework, points are awarded for: 3

4 1. Correct formulation of the problem and the solution strategy, use or derivation of the appropriate theoretical expressions, explanation of the simplifications and limitations (if any). 2. Use of appropriate numerical values and physical dimensions and reaching the right numerical answer. The weight of (1) vs. (2) for grading any specific problem is determined by Prof. Budhlall depending on the theoretical complexity of the expressions and the derivations. The points for numerical results (2) are awarded strictly for obtaining the precise answers. Final short-term paper guidelines The goal of this assignment is to train the students in applying the material from the class in problems related to their interests. The individual topics will be finalized in discussion with the instructor. The students should seek out relevant recent papers and perform a critical review of how this material can be applied to their problem. They are encouraged to include in the text estimates, expressions, qualitative or quantitative graphs, figures and schemes. Copying/repeating of material from papers or WWW can be done only with acknowledging of, or referring to, the source. The length of the text, including the reference list should not exceed 3 typed pages. This could be supplemented with up to 5 pages of figures and computer printouts, which however should be clearly numbered, captioned, and referred to in the text. The final exam paper is graded for: 1. Clear and concise description of the aim, background and suggested work. 2. Critically evaluating a few relevant references from the recent literature. 3. Presenting or suggesting an appropriate solution, estimation, numerical procedure or experiment. 4. Technical quality of the text and graphical material. 5) Scheduling Conflicts Please inform Dr. Budhlall if there are any scheduling conflicts pertaining to the examinations. 6) Code of Conduct: Each student must be familiar with and comply with the UML Code of Student Conduct on Academic Dishonesty. Further information is available at: 4

5 7) Attendance: (i) Regular attendance of the lectures is expected from all students as each 3hr class covers a lot of material. (ii) Attendance will be taken at random classes. One unexcused absence per semester is allowed. One point will be taken off the final grade for each unexcused absence above this allowed absence. No make-up assignment will be allowed for missed assignments during an unexcused absence. 8) Use of Cell Phones and Electronic Devices Cellular phones MUST be turned off before entering class. Students may not talk on cellular phones in class or leave the class to make or receive phone calls once the class has started. PDAs and Laptops MUST also be turned off before entering class. Students are not allowed to surf the internet, use instant messaging or check while the class is in session. 9) and Meeting with the Instructor: (i) (ii) (iii) You are encouraged to avail of the office hours held. The instructor will be available outside of office hours by appointment ONLY. Please add PL in the subject line for your s. Students can expect a response to questions by within one normal workday 10) Tentative Discussion Plan Fall Wetting, capillarity and surface engineering 2. Self-assembly, gels and soft matter 3. Nanoparticles, nanowires, quantum dots and carbon nanotubes 4. Non-DLVO and biomolecular interactions in nanostructure fabrication 5. Use of external fields in nanostructure characterization and manipulation 6. Lab-on-a-chip devices and bioarrays 7. Nanoscale technologies - perspectives and entrepreneurial case studies 5