The Earth System Connections among the great spheres
|
|
- Alice Hancock
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Earth System Connections among the great spheres Our Home Planet About 4.5 billion years old Only planet presently known to support life Has well-defined continents and ocean basins Very dynamic, both internally and externally A closed system! Earth As A Closed System Four Spheres Within Closed System Within this closed system are four major, interlinked components: Mass conserved within system (no gain or loss) Closed system: exchange of energy but negligible exchange of mass with surroundings Geosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Energy and matter are exchanged between these components. In this course, our focus will be on the biosphere. So while we re thinking about it 1
2 Why can Earth sustain life? Not too close or far from Sun, thus preventing life from freezing or frying Earth s Four Spheres Large enough to hold atmosphere Abundance of water Temperature range to allow water to exist in liquid (very important) as well as gaseous, and solid forms. The interaction of the four components or spheres of the Earth system. The origin of life is a separate issue, which we will discuss later. Geosphere Geosphere: The solid, inorganic Earth, including Earth s surface and layers of its interior. The Earth is composed of nested shells that are classified according to their chemical and mechanical characteristics. Earth s Layers: Composition and Mechanical Characteristics Primarily silica plus light metallic elements Primarily silica plus iron and magnesium Primarily iron and nickel Composition crust mantle core Mechanical Characteristics lithosphere asthenosphere mesosphere outer core inner core brittle solid solid (but nearly liquid) solid liquid solid 2
3 Geosphere: Chemical and Mechanical Characteristics Combined Some important roles of the geosphere: 1. Contributor of particulate matter (e.g. volcanic ash) to atmosphere. 2. Ultimate contributor of salts to the ocean (due to ions being released from weathered rock). 3. Ultimate source of nutrients for all living things. 4. Important contributor of atmospheric gases (from volcanoes) Note: Lithosphere contains both crust and uppermost (brittle) layer of mantle 5. Movement of plates produces barriers that aid in the isolation of population of organisms (and therefore influences evolution). The Dynamic Geosphere Processes that occur beneath Earth s surface are manifest in earthquakes and volcanism. These phenomena are linked to the movement of tectonic plates that, in turn, is driven by internal Earth processes. Hydrosphere Hydrosphere:The hydrosphere is composed of all of the water in the Earth system, including water in the oceans, rivers, lakes, air, and below Earth s surface. 97 percent of the earth's water is in the oceans. The remaining 3 percent is fresh water (mostly in ice sheets, but also in the air as vapour, and below Earth s surface as groundwater). Earthquakes Volcanoes Plate Boundaries Surface temperatures of oceans (blue= coldest red= warmest) The presence of liquid surface water makes our planet unique. 3
4 Hydrosphere Some important roles of the hydrosphere: 1. Moderates climate 2. Transfers heat 3. Organisms need water to transport nutrients and waste 4. Water is essential in many of Earth s processes, from mineral formation to the weathering and erosion of rock. Atmosphere Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the body of gases that surrounds our planet. Most of our atmosphere is located close to the earth's surface where it is most dense. The air of our planet is 79% nitrogen and just under 21% oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gases. Also has a layered structure (but we won t get into this right now) Biosphere Some important roles of the atmosphere: 1. Contains the gases that living things need for survival (e.g., carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and oxygen for aerobic respiration). 2. Transfers heat. 3. Ozone in stratosphere protects living things from excess ultraviolet radiation. 4. Plays a part in weathering and erosion. Biosphere: The sphere that includes all living organisms. Plants, animals, and microbes are all part of the biosphere. It also includes organic matter not yet decomposed. Most of Earth s life is found from about 3 metres below the ground to 30 meters above it and in the top 200 metres of the oceans and seas. But life can thrive in the most unlikely places, from hot springs to ice caps. 4
5 Some important roles of the biosphere: 1. Aids in weathering (e.g. formation of acids in soil). 2. An important sink for certain elements (especially carbon). 3. Mediates the formation of some minerals. 4. Photosynthesis maintains the oxygen content of the atmosphere. A Recent Addition to Biosphere: Human Activity The presence of humans and the extent of human influence can be appreciated by looking at satellite photos. Even at night, evidence of human activity can be seen. White dots: major centres of human population Yellow patches: fires from slash-and-burn farming Red patches: natural gas burning in major oil fields Interconnectedness of Spheres To appreciate how strongly interconnected the Earth s spheres really are, we need only to think about what happens to substances within the system. Other Circumstances: Earth s Spin and Tilt Earth is not just a static lump of rock! For example, the carbon cycle. Note that at any given point in time, carbon occurs in all of the great spheres. As it spins on its tilted axis, it different areas of Earth are exposed to different amounts/intensities of the Sun s energy. This gives us seasons. 5
6 Example 1 Considering Interactions Between the Spheres Example 2 Identify some interactions that are represented in this picture What about this picture? Example 3 Small-scale example: A forest fire or this one? 6
7 Interactions Between Spheres: Cause and Effect Initial Conditions Geosphere: The ground could have been very permeable, preventing moisture from being retained in the upper part of the soil profile. Relevance to Geosphere 1. Heat from the fire causes rocks to crack (therefore enhancing weathering). 2. Soil erosion is also enhanced by the removal of vegetation. Hydrosphere: The area could have been prone to fire due to lack of precipitation. Atmosphere: The fire could have started due to a lightning strike. Biosphere: Dead wood, leaves and needles may have enhanced the ability of the fire to start and spread. 3. Ash particles from the fire alter the chemistry of the soil. Relevance to Atmosphere 1. Smoke and ash particles are carried by wind to other areas. Relevance to Hydrosphere 1. Heat from the fire further removes moisture from the air, soil, and vegetation through the process of evaporation. 2. Increased siltation of streams due to enhanced erosion (particles are then deposited as sediment). 2. Increased precipitation elsewhere is enhanced due to the ash particles acting as nucleation centres for water droplets. 3. Gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are produced during the burning of the vegetation and carried into the air by the wind. 7
8 Relevance to Biosphere 1. Immediate destruction of habitat in burn area. Relevance to Biosphere 4. On the positive side, nutrients released from ash from the fire can, on the long term, benefit future plant communities. 2. Smoke in the air may have coats the lungs of animals, including people, and affects their ability to breathe. 3. Ash particles in water clogs the gills of fish and other aquatic organisms. 5. Also, seeds of some plants may require that their outer shells be burned before they can germinate (so the forest fire benefits these plants). Global Effects These types of interactions not only apply to local scenarios, but also influence changes on global scale. Examples of events that may have something to do with interactions between components of the Earth system: 1. Initiation of ice ages 2. Mass extinctions 3. Global climate change 4. El Nino events. We will look at some of these things in detail as the course progresses. Just how integrated is the Earth System? James Lovelock (1979) introduced a somewhat extreme concept called the Gaia Hypothesis. Named after Gaia, Greek goddess of Earth ( Mother Earth ) An interesting piece of trivia: Gaia was gentle, feminine and nurturing, but also ruthlessly cruel to any who crossed her. Lovelock claims that life, or the biosphere, regulates or maintains the climate and the atmospheric composition at an optimum for itself " 8
9 Is Earth Alive? The Gaia concept views Earth as a superorganism. Inherent in this explanation is the idea that biosphere, the atmosphere, the lithosphere and the hydrosphere are in some kind of balance - that they maintain a homeostatic condition. This also implies that Earth is somehow aware of the adjustments needed in its system to maintain a state of balance that Earth is a living, breathing, and thinking, entity. Gaia Hypothesis Put another way, we might view Earth s processes as being analogous to how physiological processes within the human body ensure that temperature, blood ph, electrochemistry, etc. are kept in balance for our survival. Few scientists accept the concept of Earth as a sentient entity. However, this idea has greatly influenced the way scientists think about how Earth behaves, in that it emphasized that every change that occurs in one part of the Earth system has the potential to affect all others. The Biosphere and Gaia The Gaia Hypothesis is particularly relevant in today s world- we are getting increasingly worried about how our activities are affecting the Earth. The Bottom Line Also, to have any hope in realistically reconstructing events in the past, we must be mindful of the intricate interconnections between Earth s components today (uniformitarianism) Everything that happens in the biosphere is dependent on what is happening in the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. After all, how can we expect to fix something if we don t know how it works? 9
10 END OF LECTURE 10
The Earth System Connections among the great spheres
Why should we discuss the Earth System? The Earth System Connections among the great spheres Before we delve into the connection between geology, health, and forensics, we must gain an appreciation of
More informationThe Earth System Connections among the great spheres
The Earth System Connections among the great spheres Our Home Planet About 4.5 billion years old Only planet presently known to support life Has well-defined continents and ocean basins Very dynamic, both
More informationEarth Systems Overview
Earth Systems Overview The Earth is a system consisting of four major interacting components known as spheres: the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the geosphere Let s examine
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Earth Systems
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Chapter Wrap-Up Earth Systems Interactions of Earth Systems How can you describe Earth? What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with
More informationSustainable Ecosystems
Sustainable Ecosystems Earth is a medium-sized planet orbiting a star (the Sun) at a distance of approximately 150,000,000 km Earth Part 1: Understanding Ecosystems Viewed from space, Earth appears as
More informationEarth systems the big idea guiding questions Chapter 1 & 2 Earth and Earth Systems review notes are in purple
Earth systems the big idea guiding questions Chapter 1 & 2 Earth and Earth Systems review notes are in purple How can you describe Earth? What are the composition and the structure of the atmosphere? How
More informationGeosphere Classwork. 5 th Grade PSI. 1. Define geosphere. 2. Where is the oldest part of the Earth located?
Geosphere Classwork 1. Define geosphere. 2. Where is the oldest part of the Earth located? 3. What are the four layers of the Earth? List them in order from the outermost to the innermost. a. b. c. d.
More informationNote-taking continued
continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems LA6223, SC6E74, SC6N15, MA6A36 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss
More informationOur Planet Earth. How can you describe Earth?
Name Our Planet Earth How can you describe Earth? Date Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about the planet Earth Record three things that you already know about Earth
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 2 THE EARTH Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationConceptual Understandings for K-2 Teachers
AFK12SE/NGSS Strand Disciplinary Core Ideas ESS1: Earth s Place in the Universe What is the universe, and what is Earth s place in it? ESS1. A: The Universe and Its Stars What is the universe, and what
More informationThe Scope of Earth Science
Earth science Earth Science The Scope of Earth Science The field of Earth Science can be broken into four major areas of specialization: astronomy, meteorology, geology, and oceanography. 1. Astronomy
More informationOur Planet Earth. Earth Systems
Our Planet Earth Earth Systems What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or
More informationName Period Date L.O: SWBAT DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE.(
Name Period Date L.O: SWBAT DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE.( 1. Scientists have inferred that Earth s original atmosphere was formed by the A) outgassing from Earth s interior B) erosion of
More informationTHE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres?
Hon Environmental Science THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres? 1. geosphere 2. atmosphere 3. hydrosphere 4. biosphere Now, describe each
More information1. What is Earth Science? 2. Scientific Method 3. Measurements in Science 4. Communicating in Science
1. What is Earth Science? 2. Scientific Method 3. Measurements in Science 4. Communicating in Science Earth Scienceis the scientific study of Earth and the universe around it. Branches of Earth Science:
More informationWhat is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.
What is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. 1 2 The Branches of Earth Science Major Astronomy (celestial objects, space,
More informationCircle the best answer for each question. There are a total of 50 questions.
Winter Packet 2013 Name Period ircle the best answer for each question. There are a total of 50 questions. 1. What occurs when ions from the Sun hit air molecules and cause them to emit vivid colors of
More informationThe Nature of Science
Chapter 1 Earth Science Lesson 1 The Nature of Science Main idea: Earth science encompasses five areas of study: astronomy, meteorology, geology oceanography, and environmental science. Earth has four
More informationChapter 2: Physical Geography
Chapter 2: Physical Geography Pg. 39-68 Learning Goals for Chp2: q q q q q Explain how the Earth moves in space and why seasons change. Outline the factors that influence climate and recognize different
More informationLesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment. Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth.
Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth. Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Nucleus:
More informationUnit 2: The World in Spatial Terms (Lessons 6-7)
Unit 2: The World in Spatial Terms (Lessons 6-7) Physical Features of Earth Create Challenges and Opportunities The physical features of Earth create both challenges and opportunities for the people living
More informationS6E1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved. a.
S6E1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved. a. Ask questions to determine changes in models of Earth s position in the
More informationCanadian Geography 1202
Canadian Geography 1202 We live in a world that is interconnected. All things interact with each other. Unit One: Natural and Human Systems Curriculum Outcome 1.0 Students are expected to explain how
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 What is Earth Science Earth science is the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space. Includes: Geology Oceanography Meteorology
More informationLesson 9 The Physical Earth
Lesson 9 The Physical Earth I. Form questions using the phrases below and then discuss with a partner. 1. the most beautiful place on the Earth 2. seeing the Earth from space 3. the application Google
More informationBIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BASICS Biogeochemical Cycle: The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components, or reservoirs, of Earth s system (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere)
More informationInvention of microscopes and telescopes expanded understanding of the Earth revealing new things
Miss Loulousis Began with careful observation Scientists in China began keeping records of earthquakes as early as 780BCE Maya tracked movements of the sun, moon, and planets Created calendars from observations
More informationSection 1: The Geosphere
Section 1: The Geosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Earth as a System Discovering Earth s Interior The Composition of the Earth The Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Section 1: The
More informationIntroduction to Earth Science SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS AND GRAPHING
EARTH SCIENCE Introduction to Earth Science SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS AND GRAPHING Volume of Regular, Rectangular Objects (a box) Volume of Irregularly Shaped Objects (rocks) Common Instrument Mass Distance
More informationTuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth
Tuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth Objective: Describe the solar system and Earth s location in it. Identify Earth s shape. Discuss Earth s structure. List Earth s landforms Do Now: What is a compass
More informationT.6. THE EARTH S STRUCTURE.
T.6. THE EARTH S STRUCTURE. 1.- Relate the followings definitions with one of the spheres in our planet, and the spheres with the conditions needed to make life on Earth possible: It is formed by all living
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 1. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1 The Earth as a System The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.
More informationChapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth
Chapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth (Pages 33 36) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: Where is Earth located in our solar system? How is Earth shaped? What is Earth s structure?
More informationActivity 1-2: Origin of the Earth
Earth Science 11 Name: Block: Activity 1-2: Origin of the Earth Read the following passage, and then answer the questions at the end: Where Earth Science Begins: The Solar System Where shall the study
More informationThe Official CA State Science Education Standards for Earth Science K 8
The Official CA State Science Education Standards for Earth Science K 8 Kindergarten The Earth is composed of land, air and water. As a basis for understanding this concept, students know: a. characteristics
More information10/11/2010. Acceleration due to gravity, a. Bulk Properties Mass = 6 x kg Diameter = 12,756 km Density = 5515 kg/m 3 (mix of rock and iron)
Acceleration due to gravity, a Bulk Properties Mass = 6 x 10 24 kg Diameter = 12,756 km Density = 5515 kg/m 3 (mix of rock and iron) Escape Velocity, v e Albedo Amount of sunlight reflected back into space
More informationDisciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for 3-5 Earth Science Progression - 3-ESS2 Earth s Systems ESS2.D Weather and Climate -
Disciplinary Core List of Standards (NGSS) for 3-5 Earth Science Progression - 3-ESS2 Earth s Systems ESS2.D Weather and Climate - Scientists record patterns of the weather across different times and areas
More informationLayers of Earth Write us-
Layers of Earth Three Layers of Earth Crust, Mantle and Core Layers of Earth Layers of Earth : Our Planet, the Earth is made up of different layers. Each layer of the Earth has unique properties. In 1692,
More informationBiosphere. All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere.
Unit 1 Study Guide Earth s Spheres Biosphere All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere. Hydrosphere Water covers ¾ of the earth, made up mostly
More information1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere
CHAPTER 1 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is Earth s atmosphere made of? How do
More informationSystem. A system is a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
Earth Systems What is a system? System A system is a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole. Open vs. Closed System Open vs. Closed System Open System a system in which both energy and
More informationUse models to describe the sun s place in space in relation to the Milky Way Galaxy and the distribution of galaxy clusters in the universe.
The Milky Way Galaxy consists of more than two hundred billion stars, the sun being one of them, and is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the known universe. s of the formation and structure of
More informationCrosswalk of Georgia Performance Standards & Georgia Standards of Excellence GSE Implementation in Sixth Grade
Implementation in 2017-18 S6E1. Students will explore current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved. a. Relate the Nature of Science to the progression of basic historical scientific
More informationCore Idea ESS2 Vocab. Earth s Systems. How and why is Earth constantly changing?
Core Idea ESS2 Vocab Earth s Systems How and why is Earth constantly changing? Earth Dynamic interconnected systems principally the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere temporal scale spatial
More informationChapter 5. The Biogeochemical Cycles. Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e
Chapter 5 The Biogeochemical Cycles How Chemicals Cycle Biogeochemical Cycle The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components or reservoirs of Earth s systems 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere
More informationESS2.A: EARTH MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
such as plate tectonics (link to ESS2.B) and erosion, have destroyed or altered most of the very early rock record on Earth, other objects in the solar system, such as lunar rocks, asteroids, and meteorites,
More informationIdentify and explain monthly patterns in the phases of the Moon.
(NGSS in Parentheses) Grade Big Idea Essential Questions Concepts Competencies Vocabulary 2002 Standards The phases of the Moon are caused by the orbit of the moon around the Earth. (ESS1.A) The phases
More information1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere
CHAPTER 15 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is Earth s atmosphere made of? How
More informationTHE EARTH S CLIMATE SYSTEM
THE EARTH S CLIMATE SYSTEM Earth s Climate System is driven by interactions between the parts of our biosphere So.what is the Biosphere? a relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions suitable for
More informationCHAPTER. 3 Earth s Environmental Systems
CHAPTER 3 Earth s Environmental Systems The Gulf of Mexico s Dead Zone Nutrient-rich runoff causes plankton blooms and hypoxia low oxygen levels in the Gulf of Mexico. Hypoxia kills or displaces marine
More informationFCAT Review Earths Systems
FCAT Review Earths Systems PARTS OF EARTHS SYSTEMS The Earth system has 5 main spheres: 1) Atmosphere The layer of gases that forms Earth s outermost layer. It is a mixture of gases- mostly nitrogen and
More informationTHE EARTH. Some animals and plants live in water. Many animals, plants and human beings live on land.
THE EARTH The Earth is our planet. It is round and it looks blue from space. The Earth has everything that living beings need: air, water, and heat and light from the Sun. On our planet there is water,
More informatione. Plan and conduct experiments in which students may: Identify a problem. (The Nature of Science and Technology) SE/TE: 13-23, 24-29, 88-96
Intended Learning Outcomes for Earth Systems Science By the end of science instruction in high school, students will be able to: 1. Use Science Process and Thinking Skills a. Observe objects, events and
More informationFormation of the Earth and Solar System. Radiometric dating of moon rocks, minerals, and meteorites. Size and composition of solar system objects
Environmental Science: NGSS Curriculum Map 2016 - S. Kraemer, J. Crane, M. Thorn, S. Marz Time/Interval Essential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards Days: Unit 1: History of the Earth Crosscutting:
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationCorrelation: California State Curriculum Standards of Science for Grade 6 Focus on Earth Science
Correlation: California State Curriculum Standards of Science for Grade 6 Focus on Earth Science To Science Workshop Series Earth Science: Geology The Universe Oceans and Atmosphere Plate Tectonics and
More informationEarth Science Institute II June 23, 2010 Day 3 Correlation of EarthComm Curriculum and HSCE s
Earth Science Institute II June 23, 2010 Day 3 Correlation of EarthComm Curriculum and s EDG1 = Earth s Dynamic Geospheres: Chapter 1, Volcanoes EDG2 = Earth s Dynamic Geospheres: Chapter 2, Plate Tectonics
More information1. The geosphere consists of three major layers: the,, and.
1. The geosphere consists of three major layers: the,, and. rust, mantle, core crust, core, mantle mantle, crust, core mantle, core, crust core, crust, mantle core, mantle, crust 2. The is the zone inhabited
More informationGeosphere Final Exam Study Guide
Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Intro to Earth Systems 1. Name and describe Earth s 4 major spheres Geosphere-- nonliving, mostly solid rock divided into crust, mantle, and core Atmosphere a
More informationChapter 2 Planet Earth
Chapter 2 Planet Earth Section Notes Earth and the Sun s Energy Water on Earth The Land Close-up The Water Cycle World Almanac Major Eruptions in the Ring of Fire Quick Facts Chapter 2 Visual Summary Video
More informationENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Advanced Placement ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Geologic Processes & Soil Student 2014 Geologic Processes and Soil Geologic Processes The age of Earth is best measured by the geologic time scale. The idea that
More informationThe Cycling of Matter. Day 1
The Cycling of Matter Day 1 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates
More information8.8 - Gases. These are assumptions that can be made about 99% of the gases we come in contact with which are called ideal gases.
Gases The substance that we come in contact with every second of every day is in fact the substance we never think about. This substance is a mixture of gases known as the atmosphere. Gases have the weakest
More informationEARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. 1. The graph below shows the average concentration of ozone in Earth's atmosphere over Arizona during 4 months of the year.
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE 1. The graph below shows the average concentration of ozone in Earth's atmosphere over Arizona during 4 months of the year. Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the greatest concentration
More informationName Date Class. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question Florida Progress Monitoring and Benchmark Assessments
b e n c h m a r k t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e Multiple Choice 1. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth s interior by A measuring pressure differences at Earth s surface.
More informationFoundations of Physical Science with Earth and Space Science Student Text and Investigation Manual
Correlation to Utah Core Foundations of Physical with Earth and Space ess.i.1.a scientific evidence that supports theories that explain how the universe and solar system developed. Describe the big bang
More informationExploring Geography. Chapter 1. Chapter 1, Section
Chapter 1, Section World Geography Chapter 1 Exploring Geography Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 1, Section
More informationPhysical Geography A Living Planet
Physical Geography A Living Planet The geography and structure of the earth are continually being changed by internal forces, like plate tectonics, and external forces, like the weather. Iguaçu Falls at
More informationThe Atmosphere. Composition of the Atmosphere. Section 2
The Atmosphere Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases known as the Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases are all parts of this mixture. Earth s atmosphere changes constantly as these gases
More informationTAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
More informationQuestion #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?
Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the
More informationStandard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat and the evidence of Earth s internal structure.
Standard 2: Students will understand Earth s internal structure and the dynamic nature of the tectonic plates that form its surface. Standard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Atmosphere. Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere. Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 2: Energy Transfer
More informationName Class Date. Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science Chapter Study Guide Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following is
More informationUnit 4. Unit 8 3 weeks Solar Sys. & Universe Earth and Moon
6 th Grade Science 6 th Grade Earth Science Teaching & Learning Framework * Clarification statements not provided on framework Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Unit 1 Unit 2 4 weeks Unit 3 Unit
More informationAnd. Mad Science of Colorado West Grandview Ave. Suite #5 Arvada, CO Name
And Name Mad Science of Colorado 7100 West Grandview Ave. Suite #5 Arvada, CO 80002 303-403-0432 www.colorado.madscience.org While enjoying Elitch Gardens, spend some time at each of the five Mad Science
More informationThe Earth System. The Geosphere
The Earth System The Geosphere Key Concepts How do materials in the geosphere differ? Why does the geosphere have a layered structure? What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether
More informationCarbon Cycling Internal
Carbon Cycling Internal The 4 subcycles Atmosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth has a radius of some 6400 km. Ninety-nine percent of the earth's atmosphere is contained within a layer approximately
More informationEarth as Planet. Earth s s Magnetic Field. The Earth s s Crust. Earth s s Interior
Earth as Planet Earth s s Interior The Earth is a medium size planet with a diameter of 12,756 kilometers (7926 miles) Composed primarily of iron, silicon, and oxygen Nearly circular orbit and just the
More informationExploring The Planets: Earth
Exploring The Planets: Earth By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.24.17 Word Count 632 Level MAX An image of Earth, created by the Suomi NFP Satellite. This photo is created from
More informationExploring Geography. Chapter 1
Exploring Geography Chapter 1 The Study of Geography Geography is the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other. Greek meaning writing about or describing
More informationPHYSICAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGY 1
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGY 1 Instructor: Dr. Haibo Zou T and TH: 11:10-12:35 Office hour: Tuesday, 12:50-2:00 E-mail: hzou@ess.ucla.edu Web: www2.ess.ucla.edu/~hzou GOLOGY 1 Physical Geology - Spring 2006
More informationOrigin of the Atmosphere. Note: No free oxygen at this point!!! (A) (B)
Origin of the Atmosphere (A) During the early stages of segregation within Earth (A), gaseous materials escaped from Earth s interior. A process called volcanic outgassing An atmosphere gradually evolved,
More information4 Changes in Climate. TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why is more land exposed during glacial periods than at other times?
Name Class CHAPTER 3 Date Climate 4 Changes in Climate SECTION National Science Education Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: ES 1k, 2a
More information3 rd Grade Math Earth Science
3 rd Grade Math Earth Science 6 th Grade Earth Science Teaching & Learning Framework * Clarification statements not provided on framework Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Unit 1 6 weeks Rocks and
More informationGEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS. Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015 THE SCIENCE OF GEOLOGY GEOLOGY is the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes
More information1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere
CHAPTER 15 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is Earth s atmosphere made of? How
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 1 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 1 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationThe Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere
Section Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers work. Identify the layers of the atmosphere. Identify two effects of air pollution. The Atmosphere
More informationScience 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2
Science 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2 Multiple Choice (30 marks) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What percentage represents the amount of fresh
More informationChapter 1: Earth as a System
Chapter 1: Earth as a System Science is: Any system of knowledge which tries to observe, identify, understand and describe the nature of the Universe in whole or part. Science explains and predicts the
More informationEngineering Geology. Earth Structure. Hussien aldeeky
Earth Structure Hussien aldeeky 1 Earth major spheres 1. Hydrosphere Ocean is the most prominent feature of the hydrosphere. - Is nearly 71% of Earth's surface - Holds about 97% of Earth's water Fresh
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Atmosphere. Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere. Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter 4: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere
More information4th Grade. Earth Systems.
1 4th Grade Earth Systems 2015 11 10 www.njctl.org 2 Earth Systems Click on the topic to go to that section Earth's Systems Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Erosion Biogeology 3 Earth's Systems
More informationUnit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere
Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere Atmosphere: A thin layer of gases that forms a protective covering around the Earth. Photosynthesis: Process where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Trace
More informationGO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.
d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question 1. 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle,
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 1. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1 The Earth as a System The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.
More informationCPO Science Middle School Earth Science Learning System Correlated to Ohio Science Academic Content Standards for Earth Science, grades 6-8
CPO Science Middle School Earth Science Learning System Correlated to Ohio Science Academic Content Standards for Earth Science, grades 6-8 Earth and Space Science Benchmark A - Describe how the positions
More information4th Grade. Slide 1 / 101. Slide 2 / 101. Slide 3 / 101. Earth Systems. Earth Systems Earth's Systems. Mechanical Weathering
Slide 1 / 101 Slide 2 / 101 4th Grade Earth Systems 2015-11-10 www.njctl.org Earth Systems Slide 3 / 101 Click on the topic to go to that section Earth's Systems Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering
More information