THE EARTH. Some animals and plants live in water. Many animals, plants and human beings live on land.

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2 THE EARTH The Earth is our planet. It is round and it looks blue from space. The Earth has everything that living beings need: air, water, and heat and light from the Sun. On our planet there is water, land and air. Some animals and plants live in water. Many animals, plants and human beings live on land. Some animals, like birds, can fly thanks to the air.

3 PARTS OF THE EARTH We can name three parts of the Earth: -The Atmosphere: the atmosphere is the air that we breathe. It is the gaseous part of the Earth. The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases. Living beings need oxygen to breathe and live. -The Hydrosphere:the hydrosphere refers to all of the water on our planet, it is the liquid part of the earth. Most water comes from oceans and seas and the rest is in lakes and rivers. -The Geosphere: the geosphere is the solid part of the earth that is composed of rocks and metals. In the geosphere there are three layers: the Earth s crust, mantle and nucleus.

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5 4. Listen and complete. The Earth is a round. There are a lot of interesting things on the Earth. The shines, the wind blows, the falls on it. We see the and the, air and, trees and grass on the Earth. A lot of beautiful flowers grow in the fields and gardens. Different birds and animals in the forest. But nothing can live without sunlight. The is like a lamp that gives light, and it is also like a fire that gives warmth. But animals, trees and cannot grow or live without air and water. The rain gives them water, the sun warms them and everything begins to. Water is the most wonderful thing on the. Some of the water is in and lakes and some in seas and. The water in rivers and lakes is fresh, and in seas and oceans the water is. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH There are two important movements that affect The Earth. - Rotation: the Earth moves around an imaginaryline that it is called an axis. The Earth takes 24 hours a day to complete one rotation. This movement causes day and night. In the part of the Earth facing the Sun it is day-time and the other side, it is night-time. -Revolution: the Earth also moves around the Sun, this movement is called revolution. The Earth takes 365 days, or a year, to make one revolution.

6 Rotation Revolution

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8 THE SOLAR SYSTEM The solar system is made up of all the planets that orbit the Sun. The Sun is a star. It s in the centre of the solar system. Eight planets orbit the Sun. They re called Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, uranus and Neptune. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the moon is its satellite. The moon orbits the Earth. Some other planets have one or more satellites, but others have none. The Sun, the planets and satellites are all called celestial bodies. This means that they re natural objects in the sky. 8-Colour and name

9 9.Read the questions and answer: -What is the solar system made up of? The solar system is made up of -Which is the biggest planet? -Which is the smallest planet? -Which do you think is the hottest planet? Why? The hottest planet is because. -Which planet do you think takes the longest to orbit the Sun? Why? takes the longest to obit the Sun because. -Which is the only star we can see from the Earth during the day?. 10.True or false? Correct the ones that are false. a)mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun b)uranus is the furthest planet from the Sun c)the Sun is the Earth s satellite d)all the planets have satellites

10 THE MOON

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12 11. Why does the moon look as if it s changing shape? What are the six main phases of the moon?

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15 OUR PLANET We use maps and globes to show the Earth. Maps show the Earth as flat. Globes show the Earth as a sphere. Globes also show how the Earth is tilted on its axis. The Earth s axis goes through the North Pole to the South Pole. The Earth rotates on its axis. The Equator is a line that goes horizontally around the Earth. This line divides the Earth in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. Lines of latitud go horizontally around the Earth. We use these lines to measure distance from the Equator. Lines of longitud go vertically around the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. We use these lines to masure how far east or west a place is. -Is Spain north or south of the Equator?. -What are the differences between globes and maps? -What are the advantages and disadvantages of globes and maps?

16 SEASONS OF THE YEAR The revolution of the Earth causes us to have four seasons. They are: SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN AND WINTER. SPRING From the 21st of March to the 21st of June. In Spring, the weather is warm and sunny. SUMMER From the 21st of June to the 23rd of September. In Summer, it is hot and sunny. AUTUMN From the 23rd of September to the 22nd of December. It is often rainy and windy. WINTER From the 22nd of December to the 21st of March. It is cold and sometimes snowy.

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20 -What do you prefer: Winter or summer? -What kind of clothes do people usually wear in summer? -What are the Winter months? -What are the four seasons of the year? -What do people usually do in Winter? -What do people usually do in Winter?

21 ANAYA Basic Competences (weather and climate P.36-39)