Note-taking continued

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1 continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems LA6223, SC6E74, SC6N15, MA6A36 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss your thoughts with a classmate What is Earth? 9 Differentiate materials that make up Earth s 4 systems air water Contents of Earth Systems the solid Earth living things Study Guide Study Guide 10 The Atmosphere NGSSS Check What is the composition of the atmosphere? SC6E74 The atmosphere contains a mixture of gases, including nitrogen and oxygen, and solid particles, such as dust 38 Our Planet Earth Describe the composition of the biosphere the system that contains all the living things on Earth Characterize the composition of the atmosphere Part of the Atmosphere 78% 21% 1% Other contents Details (in dry air) water vapor solid particles Detail the layers of the atmosphere Provide one detail for each bullet in the table below Sample details are shown Layer Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere nitrogen oxygen other (trace) gases Description lowest density of gas molecules next to outer space temperatures increase temperatures decrease flat layers of stable gases contains the ozone layer bottom layer, at Earth s surface most of the atmosphere s mass where weather occurs Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 38 Our Planet Earth

2 continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems (continued) The Hydrosphere 13 Organize information about the hydrosphere Location: on the surface in atmosphere in biosphere below the surface Hydrosphere Total amount: 13 billion km 3 State (form): solid liquid gas 13 Characterize the world ocean Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 13 Percent of Earth s water: 97 How water flows: freely throughout World Ocean Type of reservoir: largest on Earth Type of water: salty Diagram the distribution of Earth s water throughout the hydrosphere Earth s Water 97% ocean salt water 3% freshwater 30% groundwater 87% in lakes 11% in swamps 2% in rivers 69% ice caps and glaciers 1% fresh surface water Our Planet Earth 39 Study Guide Study Guide Our Planet Earth 39

3 continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems (continued) 14 Relate how Earth s surface reservoirs are supplied with water rain and snow help to supply rivers and lakes Study Guide Study Guide 14 The Geosphere Our Planet Earth State how people can get freshwater where there is no accessible surface water They can drill wells down into layers of rock that contain groundwater Characterize the geosphere Definition: Layers: soil and broken rock material underlying rock Geosphere Restate the 5 characteristics of minerals the solid part of Earth naturally occurring inorganic solid crystal structure definite chemical composition Location: on land and beneath oceans Materials: soil rock metal Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 40 Our Planet Earth

4 continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems (continued) Record five physical properties used to identify minerals 1 color 4 streak 2 hardness 5 luster 3 crystal shape Describe the formation of 3 types of rocks Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 17 NGSSS Check What are the composition and the structure of the geosphere? SC6E74 The crust is solid The mantle is made of partially melted rock The core is made of iron and nickel Igneous Rocks Formation: Layer Crust Sedimentary Rocks Formation: Metamorphic Rocks Formation: Elaborate on the structure of Earth s geosphere Oceanic Continental Mantle Core Inner Outer Description Synthesize It Explain one way that you interact with each of the four Earth systems discussed in Lesson 1 Accept all reasonable responses Sample answer: I am living, so I am part of the biosphere I live on land and use materials from Earth s geosphere I need freshwater to stay alive; I also carry part of Earth s hydrosphere in my body The air I breathe comes from Earth s atmosphere Molten material cools and hardens Layers of sediment are compressed and then cemented together brittle outer layer Extreme temperatures and pressure change existing rock into new rock thinner, denser, only igneous rock under soil; made of all kinds of rock middle, largest layer; hotter and denser than crust; flows in some places center; iron with some nickel solid iron liquid Our Planet Earth 41 Study Guide Study Guide Our Planet Earth 41

continued Lesson 2 Interactions of Earth Systems LA6223, SC6E61, SC6E72, SC6E74, SC6E76, SC6N11, SC6N34 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three

5 continued Lesson 2 Interactions of Earth Systems LA6223, SC6E61, SC6E72, SC6E74, SC6E76, SC6N11, SC6N34 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss your thoughts with a classmate The Water Cycle 21 Order the relationship between thermal energy and the physical state of water Condensation Evaporation water vapor water vapor Study Guide Study Guide 22 Sample answers are shown 42 Our Planet Earth thermal energy released 4 liquid water thermal energy absorbed liquid water Interpret the illustration of the water cycle Use the terms to the right of the picture in your explanations hydrosphere atmosphere geosphere biosphere Description of Water Cycle Processes 1 Liquid water in the hydrosphere evaporates into the atmosphere and condenses to form clouds 2 Precipitation falls from the atmosphere to the surface of the geosphere 3 Transpiration and respiration from organisms in the biosphere release water vapor into the atmosphere 4 Water flows over the surface of the geosphere and flows into lakes and oceans; some soaks into the ground Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 42 Our Planet Earth

6 continued Lesson 2 Interactions of Earth Systems (continued) 22 Explain five processes that occur within the water cycle NGSSS Check How do Earth systems interact in the water cycle? SC6E74 Water moves between the hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere through the Process Evaporation Transpiration Respiration Explanation Liquid water changes into gas Plants release water vapor through their pores Animals release water vapor from their lungs when they breathe Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc processes of evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and precipitation Changes in the Atmosphere 24 NGSSS Check How does weather show interactions of Earth systems? SC6E74 The hydrosphere provides much of the water for cloud formation and precipitation in the atmosphere Air masses take on the characteristics of the area over which they form, such as a hot, dry desert Condensation Precipitation Describe factors that influence weather Factor Air temperature Air pressure Wind Humidity Description Relate how weather is influenced by conditions in the geosphere and the hydrosphere Accept all reasonable responses Sample answer: Air masses take on the characteristics of the areas over which they form Therefore, weather is determined by an air mass s formation over land or water and the warmth or coolness of that land or water Water vapor changes to liquid water Moisture falls from clouds to Earth s surface average amount of energy produced by the motion of air molecules the force exerted by air molecules in all directions the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure the amount of water vapor in a given volume of air Our Planet Earth 43 Study Guide Study Guide Our Planet Earth 43

7 continued Lesson 2 Interactions of Earth Systems (continued) 25 Differentiate weather from climate Weather the state of the atmosphere at a certain place and time Climate the average weather pattern for a region over a long period of time Study Guide Study Guide 25 The Rock Cycle Our Planet Earth Sequence cause and effect in the formation of a rain shadow Windward side of a mountain: Warm, wet air rises and cools Result: clouds and precipitation Climate: wet Result: Air that crosses to the leeward side is Organize information about the rock cycle Definition: series of processes that transport and continually change rocks into different forms Rock Cycle dry Takes place in: the geosphere ; Is affected by: Earth s other systems Leeward side climate: dry Material in the cycle: igneous rock sedimentary rock metamorphic rock sediment magma Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 44 Our Planet Earth

8 continued Lesson 2 Interactions of Earth Systems (continued) Explain the processes in the rock cycle Use these terms in your explanations hydrosphere atmosphere geosphere biosphere Process Explanation 26 Cooling Magma inside the geosphere erupts as lava and cools at Earth s surface 26 Crystallization Mineral crystals form as liquid rock cools Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc NGSSS Check How do Earth systems interact in the rock cycle? SC6E74 The atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere interact with the geosphere through weathering, erosion, and deposition Uplift Weathering Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation Large bodies of Earth material are moved to higher elevations Factors in the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere break rock into sediment Wind, water, and glaciers carry sediment to new locations Eroded sediments are deposited in new places The weight of layers of sediment presses down on layers below Minerals from groundwater crystallize between grains of compressed sediment and cement them together Infer why the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere do not influence metamorphic rock formation Metamorphic rock forms deep beneath Earth s surface Analyze It Suppose you are walking to school in the rain You notice muddy water running down a hill into an animal s burrow Explain the interactions in this example between each of the Earth systems Accept all reasonable responses Sample answer: Weather, which occurs in the atmosphere, is causing rain to fall The water, part of the hydrosphere, is carrying sediment down the hill; the sediment and hill are both part of the geosphere The sediment and water in the animal s burrow will cause the animal, part of the biosphere, to have to repair its home As it digs, the animal is changing geosphere Our Planet Earth 45 Study Guide Study Guide Our Planet Earth 45

Name Date Class Study Guide Use Vocabulary Use the vocabulary from the chapter to complete the sentences or answer the statements below Study Guide 1 The Earth system containing all living things is

9 Name Date Class Study Guide Use Vocabulary Use the vocabulary from the chapter to complete the sentences or answer the statements below Study Guide 1 The Earth system containing all living things is the 2 Use the term mineral in a sentence 3 Distinguish between rocks and minerals 4 Conditions in the atmosphere at a given time and place are called 5 Define the word uplift in your own words Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 6 Distinguish between condensation and precipitation Link Vocabulary and Key Concepts Use vocabulary terms from the chapter to complete the concept map below The Earth systems is a mixture of gases surrounding Earth 15 The contains Earth s frozen water 12 through the processes of Use Vocabulary 1 biosphere 16 The contains Earth s liquid water interact in the The contains all living things weathering 17 through the processes of deposition The is the solid part of Earth erosion Our Planet Earth 51 2 Sample answer: Rocks are made of minerals 3 Rocks are naturally occurring solids composed of minerals, rock fragments, and organic matter or glass Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have crystal structures and definite chemical compositions 4 weather 5 Sample answer: Uplift is the process that moves Earth materials to higher elevations 6 Condensation occurs when a gas changes into a liquid Precipitation occurs when water falls from clouds to Earth s surface Study Guide Link Vocabulary and Key Concepts 7 atmosphere 8 cryosphere 9 hydrosphere 10 biosphere 11 geosphere 12 water cycle evaporation/transpiration/ condensation/precipitation 17 rock cycle Study Guide Our Planet Earth 51

10 Chapter 1 Review Name Date Class Chapter 1 Review Understand Key Concepts Circle the correct answer below Study Guide Understand Key Concepts 1 D solid and natural 2 C nitrogen and oxygen 3 B ice 4 C 3 5 D troposphere 6 D water 7 B mesosphere 8 C mantle 9 B formation Study Guide 1 Which are two characteristics of minerals? SC6E61 A artificial and organic B liquid and gas C living and inorganic D solid and natural 2 What are the major gases of the atmosphere? SC6E74 A carbon dioxide and water vapor B nitrogen and carbon dioxide C nitrogen and oxygen D oxygen and water vapor 3 Which reservoir holds the largest amount of freshwater? SC6E74 A groundwater C lakes B ice D rivers 4 The diagram below shows the water cycle Which number represents precipitation? SC6E A 1 C 3 B 2 D 4 5 In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? SC6E72 A hydrosphere B mesosphere C stratosphere D troposphere 52 Our Planet Earth 6 What does the hydrosphere contain? SC6E74 A air B plants C soil D water 7 The diagram below shows the layers of the atmosphere The arrow is pointing to which layer? SC6E Altitude (km) Temperature ( C) A troposphere B mesosphere C stratosphere D exosphere 8 What is the middle layer of the geosphere? SC6E74 A inner core B crust C mantle D core 9 Rocks are classified according to SC6E61 A color B formation C size D structure Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 52 Our Planet Earth

Our Planet Earth. How can you describe Earth?

Our Planet Earth. How can you describe Earth? Name Our Planet Earth How can you describe Earth? Date Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about the planet Earth Record three things that you already know about Earth