Geostatistics for Environmental and Geotechnical Applications

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2 STP 1283 Geostatistics for Environmental and Geotechnical Applications Shahrokh Rouhani, R. Mohan Srivastava, Alexander J. Desbarats, Marc V. Cromer, and A. Ivan Johnson, editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN): ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA Printed in the U.S.A.

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geostatistics for environmental and geotechnical applications/ Shahrokh Rouhani... [et al.]. p. cm. -- (STP: 1283) Papers presented at the symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona on Jan. 1995, sponsored by ASTM Committee on D18 on Soil and Rock. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Environmental geology--statistical methods--congresses. 2. Environmental geotechnology--statistical methods--congresses. I. Rouhani, Shahrokh. I1. ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock. III. Series: ASTM special technical publication: QE38.G '01 '5195--dc CIP Copyright AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher. Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $2.50 per copy, plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923; Phone: (508) ; Fax: (508) For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is /96 $ Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor:(s) and the ASTM Committee on Publications. To make technical information available as quickly as possible, the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were printed "camera-ready" as submitted by the authors. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution to time and effort on behalf of ASTM. Printed in Ann Arbor, MI October 1996 '

4 Foreword This publication, Geostatistics for Environmental and Geotechnical Applications, contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Phoenix, Arizona on Jan The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee on D18 on Soil and Rock. The symposium co-chairmen were: R. Mohan Srivastava, FSS International; Dr. Shahrokh Rouhani, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marc V. Cromer, Sandia National Laboratories; and A. Ivan Johnson, A. Ivan Johnson, Inc.

5 Contents OVERVIEW PAPERS Geostatisties for Environmental and Geotechnical Applications: A Technology Transferred--MARC v. CROMER Describing Spatial Variability Using Geostatistical Analysis--R. MOHAN SRIVASTAVA 3 13 Geostatistical Estimation: Kriging--SHAHROKH ROUHAN1 20 Modeling Spatial Variability Using Geostatistical Simulation--ALEXANDER J. DESBARATS 32 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS Geostatistical Site Characterization of Hydraulic Head and Uranium Concentration in Groundwater--BRUCE E. BUXTON, DARLENE E. WELLS, AND ALAN D. PATE Integrating Geophysical Data for Mapping the Contamination of Industrial Sites by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Geostatistical Approach---PIERRE COLIN, ROLAND FROIDEVAUX, MICHEL GARCIA, AND SERGE NICOLETIS Effective Use of Field Screening Techniques in Environmental Investigations: A Multivariate Geostatistieal Approach--MICHAEL R. WILD AND SHAHROKH ROUHANI A BayesiardGeostatistical Approach to the Design of Adaptive Sampling Programs-- ROBERT L. JOHNSON Importance of Stationarity of Geostatistical Assessment of Environmental Contamination--KADRI DAGDELEN AND A. KEITH TURNER Evaluation of a Soil Contaminated Site and Clean-Up Criteria: A Geostatistical Approach--DANIELA LEONE AND NEIL SCHOFIELD Stochastic Simulation of Space-Time Series: Application to a River Water Quality Modelling--AMILCAR O. SOARES, PEDRO J. PATINHA, AND MARIA J. PEREIRA Solid Waste Disposal Site Characterization Using Non-Intrusive Electromagnetic Survey Techniques and Geostatistics----~ARY N. KUHN, WAYNE E. WOLDT, DAVID D. JONES, AND DENNIS D. SCHULTE

6 GEOTECHNICAL AND EARTH SCIENCES APPLICATIONS Enhanced Subsurface Characterization for Prediction of Contaminant Transport Using Co-Kriging---CRAiG H. BENSON AND SALWA M. RASHAD 181 Geostatistical Characterization of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using Field Infiltrometer Data--STANLEY M. MILLER AND ANJA J. KANNENGIESER 200 Geostatistical Simulation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) to Support Facilities Design at Yucca Mountain, Nevada--MARC v. CROMER, CHRISTOPHER A. RAUTMAN, AND WILLIAM P. ZELINSKI 218 Revisiting the Characterization of Seismic Hazard Using Geostatistics: A Perspective after the 1994 Northridge, California Earthquake--JAMES R. CARR 236 Spatial Patterns Analysis of Field Measured Soil Nitrate---FARIDA S. GODERYA, M. F. DAHAB, W. E. WOLDT, AND I. BOGARDI 248 Geostatistical Joint Modeling and Probabilistic Stability Analysis for Excavations-- DAES. YOUNG 262 Indexes 277

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