Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 1/1
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1 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event ECSS 2004 E. García-Ortega a, L. Fita b, R. Romero b, L. López a, C. Ramis b and J. L. Sánchez a a Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera. Instituto de Medio Ambiente. Universidad de León. Spain. eduardo.garcia@unileon.es b Grup de Meteorologia. Departament de Física. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Spain Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 1/1
2 Introduction Target Area: The Ebro Valley, northeast Spain Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 2/1
3 Severe storm in Alcañiz Time interval of the storm: UTC Hail precipitation for 30 min aprox. Maximum precipitation rainfall rate of 92 l m 2 Maximum hail size observed: 9-12 mm Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 3/1
4 Severe storm in Alcañiz Time interval of the storm: UTC Hail precipitation for 30 min aprox. Maximum precipitation rainfall rate of 92 l m 2 Street furniture ruined Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 3/1
5 Severe storm in Alcañiz Time interval of the storm: UTC Hail precipitation for 30 min aprox. Maximum precipitation rainfall rate of 92 l m 2 More than 300 cars were damaged Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 3/1
6 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
7 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Meteosat images 1600 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
8 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Meteosat images 1630 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
9 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Meteosat images 1700 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
10 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Meteosat images 1730 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
11 Storm of August 16 th 2003 Hail affected area Meteosat images 1800 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 4/1
12 Radar images (TITAN) Average values: Start End Z max Z med Echo top 1520 UTC 1800 UTC 55.5 dbz 43.3 dbz > 18.0 km Vertical section of storm at 1623 UT C Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 5/1
13 Numerical simulation MM5 Mesoscale Model Four nested domains. Horizontal mesh size of 18, 6, 2 and 0.67 km respectively. Each of domains defined by a grid of dots. 23 vertical sigma levels. The simulation started at 00 UTC and finished at 12 UTC of the following day. Moisture scheme: Reisner graupel. Cumulus parameterization: Kain-Fristch scheme. Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 6/1
14 Numerical simulation Two objectives: I To study whether the model is able to reproduce the actual storm of Alcañiz. II To carry out a sensitivity experiment, with the Factor Separation technique (Stein and Alpert, 1993)*, to analyze the influence of physical relief and solar radiation on the development of the storm. *Stein, U. and Alpert, P., 1993: Factor Separation in Numerical Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 7/1
15 Control experiment: results Domain 1: Synoptic situation Domain 2: Relative humidity Thermal mesolow Domain 3: Surface wind field Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 8/1
16 Control experiment: domain 1 Isohypses (gpm) and isotherms ( o C) 300 hp a at 1200 UTC Isohypses (gpm) and isotherms ( o C) 500 hp a at 1200 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 9/1
17 Control experiment: domain 1 Isohypses (gpm) and isotherms ( o C) 300 hp a at 1200 UTC Isotherms ( o C) 850 hp a at 1200 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 10/1
18 Control experiment: domain 2 Relative humidity (%) surface level at 1200 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 11/1
19 Control experiment: domain 2 Relative humidity (%) surface level at 1200 UTC Relative humidity (%) surface level at 1500 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 11/1
20 Control experiment: domain 2 Sea level pressure -blue color scale- (hpa) and isotherms with T > 30 o C at 1200 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 12/1
21 Control experiment: domain 3 Sea level pressure -blue color scale- (hpa) and isotherms with T > 30 o C at 1200 UTC Wind field (longest vector is 12 m s 1 ) 900 hp a at 1200 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 13/1
22 Radar images vs. MM5 Spatial comparison Precipitation area between UTC (Domain 3) Radar: composite image of reflectivity factor at 1623 UTC Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 14/1
23 Radar images vs. MM5 Spatial comparison Precipitation area between UTC Radar: total precipitation in the study area (Domain 3) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 14/1
24 Radar images vs. MM5 Simulated precipitation ( UTC) Precipitation area between UTC (Domain 3) Accumulated precipitation field (Domain 4) (max. 75 mm) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 14/1
25 Radar images vs. MM5 Temporal-spatial comparison Composite image of Z at 1600 UTC Accumulated precipitation field ( UTC) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
26 Radar images vs. MM5 Temporal-spatial comparison Composite image of Z at 1630 UTC Accumulated precipitation field ( UTC) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
27 Radar images vs. MM5 Temporal-spatial comparison Composite image of Z at 1700 UTC Accumulated precipitation field ( UTC) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
28 Radar images vs. MM5 Temporal-spatial comparison Composite image of Z at 1730 UTC Accumulated precipitation field ( UTC) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
29 Radar images vs. MM5 Temporal-spatial comparison Composite image of Z at 1800 UTC Accumulated precipitation field ( UTC) Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
30 Radar images vs. MM5 Reflectivity factor simulation Composite image of Z at 1600 UTC Z max = 45.7 dbz Reflectivity factor average field ( UTC) Z max = 43 dbz Z = 200R 1.6 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
31 Radar images vs. MM5 Reflectivity factor simulation Composite image of Z at 1630 UTC Z max = 46.4 dbz Reflectivity factor average field ( UTC) Z max = 45 dbz Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
32 Radar images vs. MM5 Reflectivity factor simulation Composite image of Z at 1700 UTC Z max = 43.5 dbz Reflectivity factor average field ( UTC) Z max = 42 dbz Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
33 Radar images vs. MM5 Reflectivity factor simulation Composite image of Z at 1730 UTC Z max = 45.4 dbz Reflectivity factor average field ( UTC) Z max = 40 dbz Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
34 Radar images vs. MM5 Reflectivity factor simulation Composite image of Z at 1800 UTC Z max = 43.8 dbz Reflectivity factor average field ( UTC) Z max = 40 dbz Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 15/1
35 Sensitivity experiment Four simulations were performed: Control simulation: f 12 A simulation without solar radiation: f 1 A simulation without orography: f 2 A simulation without both: f 0 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 16/1
36 Sensitivity experiment Four simulations were performed: Control simulation: f 12 A simulation without solar radiation: f 1 A simulation without orography: f 2 A simulation without both: f 0 Rainfall induced by... terrain: ˆf 1 = f 1 f 0 solar radiation: ˆf 2 = f 2 f 0 synergic effect: ˆf 12 = f 12 (f 1 + f 2 ) + f 0 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 16/1
37 Precipitation area Induced by terrain ˆf 1 Induced by radiation ˆf 2 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 17/1
38 Precipitation area Induced by terrain ˆf 1 Induced by synergic effect ˆf 12 Induced by radiation ˆf 2 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 17/1
39 Precipitation area Induced by terrain ˆf 1 Induced by synergic effect ˆf 12 Induced by radiation ˆf 2 This interaction is fundamental for rain localization and has a suppressing effect in other areas. Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 17/1
40 Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event ECSS 2004 E. García-Ortega a, L. Fita b, R. Romero b, L. López a, C. Ramis b and J. L. Sánchez a a Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera. Instituto de Medio Ambiente. Universidad de León. Spain. eduardo.garcia@unileon.es b Grup de Meteorologia. Departament de Física. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Spain Diagnosis of the meteorological situation of August 16 th 2003: an extreme hail event p. 18/1
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