Costco Major Development Plan Project Moorabbin Airport. Aviation Impact Assessment

Transcription

1 Costco Major Development Plan Project Moorabbin Airport Aviation Impact Assessment Prepared for: Moorabbin Airport Corporation Prepared by: Kneebush Planning Pty Ltd PO Box 2326, Moorabbin VIC 3189 ABN June 2014

2 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Table of Contents 1 Introduction Background Airport Layout Runway Operations Project Description Aviation Impact Assessment Runways and Approach/Departure Paths OLS and PANS-OPS Surfaces Building Generated Windshear and Turbulence Navigation Aids and Control Tower External Lighting Reflected Sunlight Landscaping and Bird Hazards Air Emissions Aircraft Noise National Airports Safeguarding Framework Conclusion Appendices Appendix 1 Building Induced Windshear and Turbulence Assessment, To70 Aviation (Australia) Pty Ltd, December 2013 Appendix 2 Plume Rise Assessment, AECOM Australia Pty Ltd, 6 February 2014

3 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 1 Introduction Moorabbin Airport Corporation (MAC) is preparing a Major Development Plan (MDP) for a Costco warehouse in accordance with the Airports Act The proposed development is located in the north-east corner of the Moorabbin Airport site. Section 91(1)(ea) of the Airports Act 1996 requires a MDP amongst other considerations to address: (ea) if the development could affect flight paths at the airport the effect that the development would be likely to have on those flight paths. Kneebush Planning has undertaken an assessment of the potential aviation impacts of the Costco MDP Project and the findings are outlined below. This assessment is based on information and data provided by MAC. The National Airports Safeguarding Framework and CASA regulations were used as guidance to assess the potential effects of the project. To verify this assessment, representatives of CASA and Airservices have been provided with a copy of this draft report for review and comment prior to the Exposure Draft MDP being provided to the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. 2 Background 2.1 Airport Layout The Moorabbin Airport airfield has a substantial network of runways and taxiways. The Airport s aviation support areas (including the Control Tower) are located to the west of the airfield infrastructure. The Chifley Business Park, comprising a number of large industrial and warehouse buildings, is located on the north-east side of the airfield. 2.2 Runway Operations Moorabbin Airport is used primarily for commercial aviation training and other aviation uses including air charter, recreational flying and air work such as aerial photography, surveying etc. The regular public transport (RPT) operations at Moorabbin Airport are limited to King Island Airlines, which has two passenger flights Monday to Friday and one passenger flight on Saturdays and Sundays to and from King Island. The runways used most frequently for aircraft operations at Moorabbin Airport are the two runways oriented north/south (i.e. 17/35), followed by the two runways oriented north-west/southeast (13/31) due to their overall length and the prevailing wind direction. Of these four (4) main runways, the preferred runway is 17L/35R due to its orientation being towards industrial/commercial land uses rather than residential areas. It is the longest runway available on the Airport (1335m long) and is used when the prevailing winds are either northerlies or southerlies. Runway 04/22 is used very rarely (based on information in the Approved Master Plan (2010) for Moorabbin Airport, less than 50 movements per year) and is retained primarily for light aircraft when strong south-westerly winds preclude use of the other runways. Total movements for Moorabbin Airport in 2012/13 were approximately 230,000 for all runways. 1

4 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 2.3 Project Description Costco is a membership based organisation for both business and private customers. The proposed Costco warehouse will provide consumers with a wide selection of merchandise, plus the convenience of specialty departments and discounted fuel. The subject site is contained within Precinct D as defined within the Approved Master Plan (2010) for Moorabbin Airport. The subject site is located south-east of the existing alignment of Chifley Drive, in the north-eastern area of the Moorabbin Airport. See Figure 1 - Site Context Plan. The subject site is approximately 5.8 hectares and is located on Commonwealth Land (Airport land). The proposed development comprises the following: A Costco warehouse with a building area of 13,642 square metres with an additional 122 square metres for pump/ switch/sprinkler valve rooms. A Costco service station with a site area of 5,245 square metres. Provision of 727 car parking spaces including 16 disabled accessible spaces and 32 bicycle spaces. A total loading dock area of 395 square metres. Extension of Chifley Drive through to Boundary Road; and Provision of a fully signalised intersection at the new Boundary Road / Chifley Drive intersection. 1 The proposed development is shown in Figures 2 5. The purpose of the MDP is to provide the details of a major development on a Commonwealth airport and to ensure that the proposed development addresses the legislative requirements of the Airports Act The subject site is separated from the airfield by a distance of approximately 200m. Within the intervening area is land that is identified for further non-aviation development. The Airport s aviation support areas, including the Control Tower, are located on the opposite side of the airfield to the west and they will not be affected by the proposed development. The proposed development has been designed having due regard to the Design Principles for New Development contained in the Approved Master Plan (2010) for Moorabbin Airport and potential impacts on aircraft operations, including the building heights and choice of construction materials. There will be no access through the Airport and its associated airfield areas to the proposed development. Access to the development will be limited to along Chifley Drive via Centre Dandenong Road and Boundary Road only. 1 The extension of Chifley Drive and the intersection works at Boundary Road / Chifley Drive are being undertaken separately but concurrently, in accordance with the Approved Master Plan (2010). 2

5 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 1 Site Context Plan 3

6 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 2 Site Plan 4

7 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 3 Roof Plan 5

8 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 4 East & West Elevations 6

9 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 5 North & South Elevations 7

10 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 3 Aviation Impact Assessment 3.1 Runways and Approach/Departure Paths The key factor to consider first and foremost in relation to the potential impact of the proposed Costco MDP Project on aircraft operations is the location of the site versus the orientation of the runways and the associated aircraft approach/departure paths (and extended runway centrelines). In the case of this development, being located in the north-east corner of the Airport property, it is not located either under or near aircraft approach/departure paths of any of the four frequently used runways. The site is not located under the approach/departure path (extended runway centreline) of Runway 04/22, but it is located near to the path that aircraft approaching Runway 22 or departing on Runway 04 would use (see Figure 6). However, this is not considered to be a significant issue due to the fact that: Runway 04/22 is used very rarely (less than 50 movements a year) and only by light aircraft due to the length of runway being only 571m and the prevailing winds dictating that the other runways are usually much more suitable; Runway 04/22 has no runway lighting and therefore is not used at night; The subject site is located approximately 360m from the threshold of Runway 22; The subject site is located approximately 160m (at its closest point) from the extended centreline of the Runway 04/22; The proposed Costco warehouse building is located approximately 280m (at its closest point) from the extended centreline of Runway 04/22; Existing development in Chifley Business Park, comprising several large warehouse buildings, is located between the proposed development site and Runway 04/22; and The proposed development will not have any significant airspace impacts (see discussion following). 3.2 OLS and PANS-OPS Surfaces Figures 4 and 5 show that the maximum height of the proposed buildings will be 26.85m AHD (which includes a 1m buffer for conservative assessment purposes), which is similar to the height of the existing buildings already located in the Chifley Business Park. The height of the Existing Obstacle Limitation Surface (OLS) above the subject site is 58.0 AHD (see Figure 7). As a result, when the maximum height of the proposed development is subtracted from the lowest OLS height there will be a minimum clearance of 31.15m between the height of the proposed development and the OLS. The development will therefore not have a structural impact on the airport s OLS. At this location the lowest PANS-OPS surface (ie. the instruments flying rules surface) is higher than the OLS. We are advised that the PANS-OPS surface is 92.7m AHD. As a result, the proposed development will not affect the PANS-OPS. Given the clearance available, it is unlikely that temporary obstructions (eg. constructions cranes) will be an issue. Nevertheless, we are advised that temporary obstacles will be managed in accordance with the Airport (Protection of Airspace) Regulations 1996, and this matter will be addressed in the project s Construction Environmental Management Plan. 8

11 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 6 Runway 04/22 Extended Centreline 9

12 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 7 Existing Obstacle Limitation Surface 10

13 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 3.3 Building Generated Windshear and Turbulence An assessment of the effect that the proposed development may have on aircraft operations due to building generated windshear and turbulence was prepared by To70 Aviation (copy attached at Appendix 1). This assessment was based on the National Airports Safeguarding Framework (NASF) Guideline B Managing the Risk of Building Generated Windshear and Turbulence at Airports. To70 s report concludes: The proposed Costco Warehouse development on the site of Moorabbin Airport, taking into account multiple buildings, does not pose a risk in terms of building generated windshear and turbulence towards the flight operations at the airport. Building A (warehouse) only potentially affects runways 31R and 22 as indicated by the 1:35 rule, however in accordance with the 7 knot wind shear criterion; the variation in the mean wind speed resulting from the proposed building does not exceed 7 knots. Furthermore, wind data indicates predominance in south westerly and northerly winds. This means that building generated windshear and turbulence will be flowing away from the runways during south westerly winds whilst the northerly winds indicates that north/south parallel runways 17/35 will be used which are too far from the building to be affected. Both buildings B and C (service station) satisfy the 1:35 Rule, ruling it too far from any of the runway thresholds to pose a risk. The proposed Costco Warehouse buildings have thus satisfied the rules detailed in the National Airports Safeguarding Framework Guideline B. 3.4 Navigation Aids and Control Tower The proposed development will not impact on the airport s navigation aids. The airport s Non- Directional Beacon (NDB) is located on the opposite side of the airfield approximately 1.4km to the west of the subject site and will therefore not be affected by the proposed development. As previously noted, the control tower is also located on the opposite side of the airfield to the west of the subject site (approximately 1.0km from the subject site) and therefore the line of sight between the tower and the airfield will not be affected by the proposed development. 3.5 External Lighting The National Airports Safeguarding Framework (NASF) Guideline E provides guidance to address the risk of distractions to pilots of aircraft from lighting and light fixtures near airports. The likelihood of external lighting on the subject site causing an impact on aircraft operations is also considered to be negligible due to the location of the site relative to the main runways. Nonetheless, we are advised that all external lighting on the subject site will be emitting no upward waste light (0cd above the horizontal) in accordance with the Manual of Standards Part 139 Section and NASF Guideline E so as not to create any glare issues for pilots. The roof of the proposed Costco warehouse building incorporates numerous skylights (see Figure 3 Roof Plan). It is noted that the skylights will be translucent. An assessment has been carried out (by WSP Pty Ltd) on the impact of the internal store lighting escaping through the roof mounted skylights at night. The assessment included a range of skylights simulating worst case results. The luminous intensities measured at 3º for each skylight within the sample range varies between 0.6cd and 4.1cd. These values are well within 11

14 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment the range permitted by the Manual of Standards Part 139 Section 9.21 and NASF Guideline E (for Light Control Zone B). It should be noted, as stated in Section 3.1 of this report, in terms of proximity to runway approach/departure paths, the subject site is located closest to the extended centreline of Runway 04/22. However this runway has no lighting and is therefore not used at night. 3.6 Reflected Sunlight Clause 20 of NASF Guideline E states: The potential for glare caused by reflected sunlight from structures such as buildings has been raised in some quarters as a potential source of distraction to pilots. However, CASA has advised that glare from buildings tend to be momentary and therefore unlikely to be a source of risk. The potential for risk from building glare is further attenuated by the use of sunglasses which pilots normally wear in bright daylight. Furthermore, the issue of reflected sunlight is not considered to be a major concern in this case due to the location of the proposed development in relation to the airfield and control tower as previously discussed. The external cladding and roof materials will be consistent with building materials used on other buildings in the area and are not expected to create any significant glare issues for pilots. 3.7 Landscaping and Bird Hazards According to NASF Guideline C Managing the risk of wildlife strikes in the vicinity of airports, the Wildlife Attraction Risk of a Shopping Centre and a Warehouse (Food Storage) is Low. The Wildlife Attraction Risk of a Warehouse (Non-Food Storage), Car Park and Petrol Station is Very Low. As a result, the proposed development is not expected to create a wildlife attraction risk for Moorabbin Airport. Nevertheless, the project includes a number of measures to help further reduce the risk of wildlife attraction. The proposed development includes new landscaping treatments, particularly along the street frontage and around the associated car parking areas. A Landscape Plan has been prepared for the proposed development see Figures 8.1 and 8.2. With respect to the potential impact of landscaping on aviation operations, non-bird attracting plant species have been selected to be used in the proposed landscaping. There are no standing water bodies proposed in order to further avoid attracting birds. We also understand that the underside of all exposed awnings etc will be provided with bird netting to prevent birds from settling on any exposed steelwork and that roof areas will have no undercover ledges, projections etc that may harbour birds. Further, measures will be put in place to ensure that waste disposal areas and bins do not attract birds. These measures will help minimise contributions to bird strike at the Airport. 12

15 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 8.1 Landscape Plan (Part 1) 13

16 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment Figure 8.2 Landscape Plan (Part 2) 14

17 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 3.8 Air Emissions Under Part 12 of the Airports Act 1996 exhaust plumes from stacks or vents with an upward vertical velocity in excess of 4.3 metres per second at the point of emission, and which are capable of affecting aircraft operating in prescribed airspace, may constitute a controlled activity. Plumes exceeding this velocity also require assessment by CASA under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations The proposed development will have rooftop mechanical services which will generate vertical plume velocities exceeding 4.3 metres per second. As a result, AECOM was engaged by MAC to prepare a Plume Rise Assessment report (and engage with CASA) to determine whether the plumes will cause a potential hazard to aircraft operations. A copy of AECOM s report is attached at Appendix 2. AECOM s plume assessment report concludes: This Plume Rise Assessment report provides results from the plume modelling of the rooftop mechanical services at the proposed Costco warehouse at Moorabbin Airport. The assessment was conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA, 2004), due to the rooftop plant having vertical plume velocities exceeding 4.3 metres per second in a location within the inner horizontal surface of the Obstacle Limitation Surface (OLS) region of Moorabbin Airport. Predictive modelling undertaken using The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) indicates that the maximum height at which the vertical plume velocity falls below the CASA critical plume velocity of 4.3 metres per second, will be 45.7 metres Australian Height Datum (AHD)). This predicted height is approximately 12 metres below the stated OLS region of Moorabbin Airport, set at 58 metres AHD. The average critical plume height was predicted to be 30 metres AHD. As the maximum critical plume height is predicted to be well below the height of the Moorabbin Airport OLS, the proposed Costco warehouse is considered unlikely to present a hazard to local aircraft operations. Results provided in this preliminary assessment have been based on the methodology provided in Advisory Circular AC 139-5(0). This Circular was superseded in November 2012 by Advisory Circular AC 139-5(1) and formal assessment of plume rise impacts must then be undertaken by CASA. Consultation with CASA and the DoIRD was subsequently undertaken in November CASA concluded that the Plume Rise Assessment report was produced in line with the CASA guidelines; that the rooftop exhaust plumes would not affect the OLS at the site and that no mitigation measures are required. DoIRD also concluded that no further assessment of the plumes would be required. The proposed Costco MDP Project at Moorabbin Airport is therefore not considered by CASA or DoIRD to be a controlled activity under the Airports Act Given the nature of the proposed large format retail business, there should be no emissions of smoke, dust or other particulate matter from the development site once operational. During construction, we understand that the emission of dust will be controlled through appropriate construction management techniques. This will be included as a requirement to be addressed in the Construction Environmental Management Plan. 15

18 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 3.9 Aircraft Noise An Environmental Noise Assessment has been undertaken by AECOM as part of the Costco MDP Project. According to this assessment the proposed development complies with Australian Standard AS2021: 2000 Acoustics Aircraft Noise Intrusion Building Siting and Construction. Pursuant to the airport s current endorsed Australian Noise Exposure Forecast (ANEF), the subject site is located outside the 25 ANEF contour. According to AS2021, a Commercial Building is acceptable outside the 25 ANEF contour, and there is no requirement for the building construction to provide protection for aircraft noise. 4 National Airports Safeguarding Framework Given the above assessment, it is considered that the proposed development satisfies the National Airports Safeguarding Framework (NASF) guidelines as outlined in Table 1 below. Full details of the NASF guidelines can be found on the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development s website at: Table 1: Summary of Compliance with NASF Guidelines NASF Guideline Guideline A: Measures for Managing Impacts of Aircraft Noise Guideline B: Managing the Risk of Building Generated Windshear and Turbulence at Airports Guideline C: Managing the Risk of Wildlife Strikes in the Vicinity of Airports Guideline D: Managing the Risk of Wind Turbine Farms as Physical Obstacles to Air Navigation Guideline E: Managing the Risk of Distractions to Pilots from Lighting in the Vicinity of Airports Guideline F: Managing the Risk of Intrusions into the Protected Airspace of Airports Comment/Response See Section 3.9 of this report. The subject site is located outside the 25 ANEF contour and the proposed development complies with AS2021. See Section 3.3 of this report. The proposed development complies with the requirements of the Guideline B. See Section 3.7 of this report. Non-bird attracting plant species are to be used. According to this guideline a Shopping Centre has a low Wildlife Attraction Risk. Not applicable to this proposal. See Section 3.5 of this report. All external lighting will be designed and baffled to comply with the relevant standards. See Sections 3.2 and 3.8 of this report. The proposed development will not impact on the airport s OLS or PANS-OPS surfaces. 16

19 Costco Major Development Plan Project Aviation Impact Assessment 5 Conclusion The proposed development will not have any significant impacts on Moorabbin Airport s flight paths, airspace or aircraft operations. The separation of the subject site from the airfield and the sensitive design of the proposed development make the project satisfactory and appropriate from an aviation impact point of view having regard to: Runways and Approach/Departure Paths; OLS and PANS-OPS surfaces; Building generated windshear and turbulence; Navigation aids and control tower; External lighting; Reflected sunlight; Landscaping and bird hazards; Air emissions; Aircraft noise; and National Airports Safeguarding Framework. 17

20 Appendix 1 Building Induced Windshear and Turbulence Assessment

21 December 2013 Costco Major Development Plan Project Building induced windshear and turbulence assessment December 2013 Page 1 of 12

22 Costco Major Development Plan Project Building induced windshear and turbulence assessment Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd Moorabbin Victoria 3194 Australia To70 Aviation (Australia) Pty Ltd Suite 19, 19 Bolton Street Newcastle New South Wales 2289 Australia Authors Samantha Jaskiewicz and Ruud Ummels Newcastle, December 2013 December 2013 Page 2 of 12

23 Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary Introduction Project Description Scope of work Existing conditions Operations Costco Development Inputs and assumptions Legislation and policy Methodology Impact assessment findings Building Envelope The 1:35 Rule Mean wind speed deficit Multiple Buildings Conclusion Table 1 AMG coordinates for each proposed building... 8 Table 2 1:35 Rule: Building heights multiplied by Table 3 1:35 Rule: Distance of buildings from runway thresholds Table 4 BWD values at various distances downstream Table 5 BWD values for proposed development Figure 1 Runway layout at Moorabbin Airport... 6 Figure 2 Costco Warehouse... 7 Figure 3 Proposed Costco development and extended runway centreline for Runway Figure 4 Building envelope (Source: NASF Guideline B, 2012)... 9 December 2013 Page 3 of 12

24 1 Executive Summary To70 Aviation has been commissioned to undertake a building induced windshear and turbulence assessment for the proposed Costco Warehouse on Commonwealth land. This document details the process of which this assessment has been undertaken, as prescribed in the National Airports Safeguarding Framework Guideline B (NASFG). The Costco Warehouse Development Project is situated to the east of Moorabbin Airport. Directly north-west of the site is Chifley Business Park. The NASFG was developed to assist land use planners for developments which fall within close proximity of an airport. It does not attempt to regulate the assessment process or mitigation of risks, but instead provides a framework for preliminary assessment of individual risks. From this, the development can be discounted or made the subject of more a detailed analysis. The methodology for this preliminary desktop assessment is described in the NASFG. The process is as follows: 1. Establishing if the development falls within the building envelope of each runway end; 2. Determining if the development satisfies the 1:35 Rule; and 3. Calculating the mean wind speed deficit of buildings which fail steps one and two. Underpinning this process is the 7 knot criterion. Ultimately, for a development to not pose a risk to airport operations, the variation in mean wind speed must not exceed 7 knots along the aircraft trajectory at heights below 200 feet. The speed deficit change of 7 knots must take place over a distance of at least 100 metres. There are three structures which have been assessed. These are; the main warehouse, the service station structure and the canopy of the service station. After application of the process described above, building induced windshear and turbulence associated with the proposed developments do not pose a risk to airport operations and will not require further assessment. December 2013 Page 4 of 12

25 2 Introduction Moorabbin Airport Corporation (MAC) is preparing a major development plan (MDP) for a Costco warehouse in accordance with the Airports Act To70 have been asked to conduct a preliminary building generated windshear and turbulence assessment of these structures. 3 Project Description Costco is a membership based organisation for both business and private customers. The proposed Costco warehouse will provide consumers with a wide selection of merchandise, plus the convenience of specialty departments and discounted fuel. The subject site is contained within Precinct D as defined within the Approved Master Plan (2010) for Moorabbin Airport. The subject site is located south-east of the existing alignment of Chifley Drive, in the north-eastern area of the Moorabbin Airport. The subject site is approximately 5.8 hectares and is located on Commonwealth Land. The proposed development comprises the following: A Costco warehouse with a building area of 13,642 square metres with an additional 122 square metres for pump/switch/ sprinkler valve rooms. A Costco service station with a site area of 5,245 square metres. Provision of 727 car parking spaces including 16 disabled/accessible spaces and 32 bicycle spaces. A total loading dock area of 395 square metres. Extension of Chifley Drive through to Boundary Road 1. Provision of a fully signalised intersection at the new Boundary Road/Chifley Drive intersection 1. The purpose of the MDP is to provide the details of a major development on a Commonwealth airport and to ensure that the proposed development addresses the legislative requirements of the Airports Act Scope of work To70 has been commissioned to undertake an assessment of the building-induced windshear and turbulence associated with the proposed Costco warehouse and Costco service station. The assessment needs to be conducted in consideration of the National Airports Safeguarding Framework Guideline B (NASFG) Managing the Risk of Building Generated Windshear and Turbulence at Airports, airport operations and meteorological data. The assessment needs to determine whether or not the proposed building poses as a risk to the flight operations at Moorabbin Airport. The same methodology as used for the Wesfarmers development needs to be applied. 1 The extension of the Chifley Drive and the intersection works at Boundary Road/Chifley Drive are being undertaken separately but concurrently, in accordance with the Approved Master Pan (2010). December 2013 Page 5 of 12

26 5 Existing conditions 5.1 Operations At present and in accordance with the Approved Master Plan (2010), Moorabbin Airport operates the following five runways: Runway 17L/35R 1335m x 30m Runway 17R/35L 1240m x 18m Runway 13L/31R 1150m x 30m Runway 13R/31L 1060m x 18m Runway 04/22 571m x 18m Figure 1 Runway layout at Moorabbin Airport The 17/35 parallel runways, with 17L/35R being the prominent runway, is used 80% of the year according to the Approved Master Plan (2010). Runway 17L is the preferred runway and as such accommodates the majority of circuit training. It is also used for all jet movements when active. Runway 13L/31R is primarily used if wind conditions hinder operation from the 17/35 parallel runways for circuit training. This runway is also a preferred development option should the need for a runway extension arise in the event of an introduction in RPT jet services. Runway 04/22 is the least utilised with less than 50 movements per year. It is considered an emergency runway for use by light aircraft during adverse wind conditions (that is, strong south-westerly winds). 5.2 Costco Development Costco is a membership warehouse club with franchises in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Victoria. The proposed development is situated on the east of the airport site along Chifley Drive. Chifley Business Park is situated to the north west of the site, blocking runway thresholds 17R, 17L, 13R, 13L and 22. There is unobstructed ground between the site and runway thresholds 35L, 35R, 31L and 31R. December 2013 Page 6 of 12

27 Chifley Business Park Figure 2 Costco Warehouse in Ringwood (VIC) and proposed site of Costco Warehouse, Moorabbin. 6 Inputs and assumptions To70 was provided with the following CAD drawings of the proposed development, prepared by Group GSA: Floor Plan MDP-A2001-AR 06/09/2013 Roof Plan MDP-A2002-AR 06/09/2013 East and West Elevations MDP-A3001-AR 06/09/2013 North and South Elevations MDP-A3002-AR 06/09/2013 Fuel Facility MDP-A /09/2013 Site plan MDP-A /09/2013 To70 assumes the assessment to consist of three rectangular structures pictured below: Building A m x m x (height x width x depth) Building B 3.5 m x 4.87 m x 1.91 m (height x width x depth) Building C 6.2 m x m x m (height x width x depth) A B C Figure 3 Proposed Costco development and extended runway centreline for Runway 22 Buffers of one metre for all three dimensions have been included above to accommodate for any minor changes to the design and to produce conservative results. This is recommended in December 2013 Page 7 of 12

28 the NASFG and has also been depicted in the provided CAD drawings. Table 1 specifies the AMG coordinates for each. Table 1 AMG coordinates for each proposed building Building Coordinates (AMG, latitude/longitude) Point Building A - Main Building B - Petrol Facility Building C - Canopy Legislation and policy At current, there is no policy regulating building induced windshear and turbulence at airports. The NASF Guideline B has been created to assist land use planners and airport operators of this concept. The guideline does not necessarily attempt to regulate the assessment process or mitigation of risk, but rather has been established to provide a framework for land use planners and airport operators in the planning and development processes. This is in order to determine if the development can be disregarded or made the subject of further analysis. Detailed in the NASFG, the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands (NLR) has developed the 7-knot Windshear Criterion which now applies in Australia. It was developed in response to building-generated windshear at Amsterdam Airport which created serious safety issues. The criterion states that the variation in mean wind speed due to wind disturbing structures must remain below 7 knots along the aircraft trajectory at heights below 200 feet. The speed deficit change of 7 knots must take place over a distance of at least 100 metres. 7.1 Methodology To70 has undertaken a desktop assessment using the following process detailed in the NASFG to determine any imminent risk. Building envelope The first step is to conceptualise the proposed developments and its proximity from the runway centreline and runway thresholds. This will determine if they are within the building envelope described in Guideline B. Should the building be located within the envelope, it may pose a risk to flight operations. The 1:35 rule Buildings which are within the building envelope must be further assessed using the 1:35 rule. In this instance, the height of the building must be multiplied by 35 (that is, for a 10 metre high building, the distance is 350 metres). If the result is less than the perpendicular distance from the runway centreline to closest edge of the building, the building will require further assessment. Those buildings that are greater are considered to have no significant wind impact as it is too far to pose a risk. December 2013 Page 8 of 12

29 Mean wind speed deficit The final step of this assessment is to determine the magnitude of the building induced mean wind speed deficit (BWD) for buildings which fail the 1:35 rule. This is a measure of the variation in mean wind speed which can be encountered by an aircraft traversing a wake behind an airport building. The mean velocity of the approach flow at the roof height of the building concerned (Vh) will be estimated. From this, the 7-knot criterion can be applied, that is, the variation in the mean wind speed resulting from the building must not exceed 7 knots along the aircraft trajectory at heights below 200ft. The speed deficit change of 7 knots must then take place over a distance of at least 100m. If the building satisfies this rule, it is considered to pose no risk, alternatively should the building exceed the 7 knots; mitigation measures may be implemented to reduce the risk. Multiple building assessment For buildings that do not meet the 1:35 rule, buildings with complex shaped and/or multiple buildings, the approach to be taken is the adaptation of a windshear criterion to be applied as the basis of regulatory controls (ie. mean wind speed deficit (BWD)). 8 Impact assessment findings 8.1 Building Envelope The building envelope is the envelope around the runways within which buildings should be assessed. These buildings include those that are 900 metres or closer in front of the runway threshold, 500 metres or closer from the runway threshold along the runway and 1,200 metres or closer perpendicular to the runway centreline (Figure 4). The proposed developments are within the prescribed building envelope of most runway thresholds excluding runway 13L, 13R and 04 as well as runway 17R for building B and building C, as described in the NASF Guideline B. This signifies the potential impact the building could have on runway operations. Figure 4 Building envelope (Source: NASF Guideline B, 2012) 8.2 The 1:35 Rule The proposed buildings in Table 2 detail the respective distances perpendicular from the airport s runway centrelines multiplied by their height. From this table, any building at risk of building generated windshear and turbulence affecting the runways can be identified using Table 3 in order to determine which buildings do not satisfy the rule and require further analysis. December 2013 Page 9 of 12

30 Table 2 1:35 Rule: Building heights multiplied by 35 Building Height (m) Multiplier Total (m) A B C Table 3 1:35 Rule: Distance of buildings from runway thresholds Distance from Runway Thresholds (m) Runway Threshold Building A Building B Building C 17R 931 Not within envelope Not within envelope 35L L R R Not within envelope Not within envelope Not within envelope 31L L Not within envelope Not within envelope Not within envelope 31R Not within envelope Not within envelope Not within envelope From these tables it is clear that building A is closer than metres from the centreline of runways 31R and 22 and must therefore be assessed further. Building B and C on the other hand satisfy the 1:35 rule and are therefore too far to pose a risk. Further assessment is not required. 8.3 Mean wind speed deficit Operations on runways 31R and 22, as mentioned above, lay within the given distances specified by the 1:35 rule. This warrants further analysis of the building and application of the building induced mean wind speed deficit calculation. Table 4 BWD values at various distances downstream BWD Width:Height (W/H) Ratios * 12* 0.48Vh 1.7H 3.4H 6.5H 9.5H 12.5H 15.5H 18.5H 0.35Vh 2.2H 4.2H 8H 11.5H 15H 18.5H 22H 0.22Vh 3H 5.5H 10H 14H 18H 22H 26H 0.11Vh 5H 9H 17H 24.5H 32H 39.5H 47H * The table above depicts the BWD values at various distances downstream for buildings with W/H ratios between 1 and 8 which are taken from the NASFG and 10 to 12 which are approximated values. In this particular instance, the W/H ratio for the building exceeds the given ratios. December 2013 Page 10 of 12

31 The ratio for the proposed building is Assuming that the largest ratio provided in the guideline is used for our calculations (W/H ratio of 8), the BWD of the building would lie between 0.22Vh and 0.11Vh. On the other hand, using an approximation of 12, the BWD would still be between 0.22Vh and 0.11Vh for both runway ends which is acceptable. Note that the approximated figures have been derived by using the trend in the increasing numbers for each BWD. For example, a BWD of 0.48Vh increases by approximately 3H as the W/H ratio increases in increments of 2. Table 5 tabulates the BWD for the proposed building. Table 5 BWD values for proposed development BWD Knots W/H = 12 Distance downstream 0.48Vh H 220 m 0.35Vh 7 22H 262 m 0.22Vh H 309 m 0.11Vh 2 47H 559 m It can be seen from this table, that a W/H ratio of 12 has a BWD of at least 0.35Vh which is 7 knots at a distance downstream of 262m. This is acceptable for both runways 31R and 22. Furthermore, based on available historical weather observational data from the Bureau of Meteorology, there has been over 13 years with no adverse weather conditions over extended periods which could enhance the wind shear effect. As stated in the Approved Master Plan (2010), the primary North/South runways used for 80% of the time are 17L/35R and 17R/35L - which are not at risk. Close to 20% of the time, runways 13L/31R and 13R/31L are used. Runway 31R is only generally used in north-westerly winds; the wake generated by the proposed building is in the opposite direction of the centreline of Runway 31R. Wind rose diagrams available from the BOM indicate that south-westerly and northerly winds are predominant. Runway 22 is generally only used in strong south westerly winds. In this instance, likewise the wake generated from the proposed building flows away from the centreline of Runway 22. In addition, this runway is the least utilised with less than 50 movements per year, lowering the risk significantly. 8.4 Multiple Buildings As the previous section indicates, Building A satisfies the windshear criterion applicable in Australia. This has been determined by looking at the mean wind speed deficit (BWD) in accordance with the guideline. The guidance document provides an Assessment Methodology Hierarchy Table in which Case C further mentions that the mean wind speed deficit can be used if a safety margin is applied. From step one, the buildings have had a safety margin added to their height and our mean wind speed deficit assessment also adopted a conservative safety margin. December 2013 Page 11 of 12

32 As mentioned earlier; the two proposed petrol station buildings pose negligible risk as one is very small (Building B) and the other is an open canopy structure (Building C). Both of these buildings satisfy the 1:35 rule. 9 Conclusion The proposed Costco Warehouse development on the site of Moorabbin Airport, taking into account multiple buildings, does not pose a risk in terms of building generated windshear and turbulence towards the flight operations at the airport. Building A (warehouse) only potentially affects runways 31R and 22 as indicated by the 1:35 rule, however in accordance with the 7 knot wind shear criterion; the variation in the mean wind speed resulting from the proposed building does not exceed 7 knots. Furthermore, wind data indicates predominance in south westerly and northerly winds. This means that building generated windshear and turbulence will be flowing away from the runways during south westerly winds whilst the northerly winds indicates that north/south parallel runways 17/35 will be used which are too far from the building to be affected. Both buildings B and C (service station) satisfy the 1:35 Rule, ruling it too far from any of the runway thresholds to pose a risk. The proposed Costco Warehouse buildings have thus satisfied the rules detailed in the National Airports Safeguarding Framework Guideline B. December 2013 Page 12 of 12

33 Appendix 2 Plume Rise Assessment

34 Costco MDP Project Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd 06-Feb-2014 Plume Rise Assessment Costco Major Development Plan Project 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

35 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Quality Information Document Plume Rise Assessment Ref Date Prepared by Reviewed by 06-Feb-2014 John Hodgson David Rollings Revision History Revision Revision Date Details Authorised Name/Position Signature G 6-Feb-2014 Final David Rollings Principal Engineer 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

36 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Table of Contents Executive Summary ii 1.0 Introduction Purpose of this Report Scope of Work Project description Location Legislation and policy Civil Aviation Safety Authority Airports Act 1996 (Commonwealth) Existing conditions Impact assessment findings Plume Rise Modelling Plume Rise Results Wind Speed and Wind Patterns Consultation Responses Conclusions 13 List of Tables Table 1 Climatic Information for Moorabbin Airport 6 Table 2 Summary of TAPM Modelling Parameters 8 Table 3 Initial Source Parameters 8 Table 4 Buoyancy Enhancement Grouped Sources 10 Table 5 Final Rise for Stack Group with Buoyancy Enhancement Factor 10 Table 6 Summary of heights where plume vertical velocity falls below 4.3 m/s 10 Table 7 Frequency of Occurrence of Height of Critical Velocity (<4.3m/s) 11 List of Figures Figure 1 Location of Costco Warehouse 3 Figure 2 Moorabbin Airport Existing Obstacle Limitation Surface 5 Figure 3 Moorabbin Airport Long Term ( ) Diurnal Wind Roses 7 Figure 4 Costco Warehouse Rooftop Plant Layout 9 Figure 5 Cumulative Frequency Chart for Height of Critical Plume Velocity (< 4.3 m/s) Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

37 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment i Glossary Acronym / Abbreviation AHD BOM CASA CSIRO CVP DoIRD LAPS OLS TAPM Definition Australian Height Datum Bureau of Meteorology Civil Aviation Safety Authority Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Critical Plume Velocity Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Limited Area Prediction System Obstacle Limitation Surface The Air Pollution Model 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

38 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment ii Executive Summary AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) has been commissioned by Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd (MAC) to undertake a Plume Rise Assessment for the proposed Costco subject site. The assessment has been undertaken due to the rooftop mechanical services having vertical plume velocities exceeding 4.3 metres per second, in a location within the Obstacle Limitation Surface (OLS) region of Moorabbin Airport. This assessment is required because aviation authorities suggest that exhaust plumes with vertical velocities above this critical velocity may result in the momentary loss of control to aircraft. Predictive modelling results using The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), conducted for meteorological years , indicate that the maximum height at which the plume vertical velocity reaches the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA, 2004) critical velocity, will be 45.7 metres Australian Height Datum (AHD); well below the Moorabbin Airport OLS height of 58 metres AHD. Consultation was undertaken with CASA and the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development (DoIRD) in November CASA concluded that the Plume Rise Assessment report was produced in line with CASA guidelines; that the exhaust plumes would not affect the OLS at the site and that no mitigation measures are required. DoIRD also concluded that no further assessment of the plumes would be required. As such, the proposed Costco MDP Project is not considered by CASA or DoIRD to be a controlled activity under the Airports Act 1996 and is not considered to present a hazard to local aircraft operations at Moorabbin Airport. 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

39 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Introduction An assessment has been carried out to determine the potential plume rise impact of the operation of the proposed Costco MDP Project at Moorabbin Airport, located approximately 21 kilometres south east of Melbourne Central Business District (CBD). 1.1 Purpose of this Report Due to the subject site s proximity to Moorabbin Airport s runways, it has been identified through Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) guidance that there is a need to carry out an assessment of the vertical plume rise from the proposed rooftop ventilation and air conditioning units. This assessment is required because aviation authorities suggest that exhaust plumes with vertical velocities above the critical velocity of 4.3 metres per second may result in the momentary loss of control to aircraft. Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd (MAC) has instructed AECOM to prepare a preliminary plume rise assessment (and engage with CASA) to identify potential hazards to aircraft operations. Under CASA guidelines (CASA 2012) the overall assessment (and approval) of potential plume rise impacts is made independently however by CASA. This report follows the procedures outlined in the former Advisory Circular AC 139-5(0) Plume Rise Assessments (CASA 2004) and details the outcomes of the CASA consultation and review. 1.2 Scope of Work The plume rise assessment using CSIRO s The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), provides information on the following: - Identification of relevant plume rise assessment requirements; - Description of existing local meteorological and climatic conditions; - Description of the modelling methodology used in the plume rise study; - Preliminary assessment of plume rise impacts associated with the proposed emission sources; - Consultation with CASA over the assessment under the CASA 2012 guidelines; and, - Discussion of the potential plume rise impacts and recommendations, where applicable. 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

40 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Project description Moorabbin Airport Corporation (MAC) is preparing a Major Development Plan (MDP) for a Costco warehouse in accordance with the Airports Act Costco is a membership based organisation for both business and private customers. The proposed Costco warehouse will provide consumers with a wide selection of merchandise, plus the convenience of specialty departments and discounted fuel. The subject site is contained within Precinct D as defined within the Approved Master Plan (2010) for Moorabbin Airport. The subject site is located south-east of the existing alignment of Chifley Drive, in the north-eastern area of the Moorabbin Airport. The subject site is approximately 5.8 hectares and is located on Commonwealth Land (Airport land). The proposed development comprises the following: - A Costco warehouse with a building area of 13,642 square metres with an additional 122 square metres for pump/ switch/sprinkler valve rooms. - A Costco service station with a site area of 5,245 square metres. - Provision of 727 car parking spaces including 16 disabled/accessible spaces and 32 bicycle spaces - A total loading dock area of 395 square metres. - Extension of Chifley Drive through to Boundary Road 1. - Provision of a fully signalised intersection at the new Boundary Road/ Chifley Drive intersection 1. The purpose of the MDP is to provide the details of a major development on a Commonwealth airport and to ensure that the proposed development addresses the legislative requirements of the Airports Act Location The proposed Costco warehouse is located at Moorabbin Airport, approximately 21 kilometres to the south east of the Melbourne Central Business District (CBD). A locality map showing the location of Costco (and the study area) is illustrated in Figure 1. The finished floor level of the Costco warehouse is situated at 14.2 metres Australian Height Datum (AHD). 1 The extension of Chifley Drive and the intersection works at Boundary Road/ Chifley Drive are being undertaken separately but concurrently, in accordance with the Approved Master Plan (2010). 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

41 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment 3 Figure 1 Location of Costco Warehouse 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

42 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Legislation and policy 3.1 Civil Aviation Safety Authority In November 2012 the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) released the Advisory Circular AC 139-5(1) Plume Rise Assessments superseding the AC 139-5(0) issued in June The purpose of AC 139-5(1) is to provide a standard method of determining the critical velocity of a vertical exhaust plume, so that the impact of a plume near aerodromes and away from aerodromes can be assessed in a consistent and reliable way (CASA 2012). The Advisory Circular states following identification of an exit velocity of 4.3 metres per second, a critical plume velocity (CVP) (4.3 metres per second or 10.6 metres per second) would be determined based on the type of operations at the location and any associated risks identified by CASA. Following determination of the CVP, CASA would determine the Critical Plume Height (CPH) for the CPV under scrutiny using The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), after which a plume rise impact assessment would be conducted. The inner horizontal surface of the Obstacle Limitation Surface for Moorabbin Airport at the location of the proposed Costco is set at 58 metres AHD, shown in Figure 2. The overall assessment of the potential plume rise impacts are however made independently by CASA following the detailed design phase. As such this report follows the assessment requirements outlined in the former AC 139-5(0), which are summarised as follows (CASA 2004): - Modelling to be undertaken using TAPM version 2.0 or higher; - At least 5 years of continuous meteorological data modelled; - Horizontal displacement of the plume centreline evaluated as a function of height; - Consideration of average and peak vertical plume rise velocities for each height; and, - Probability of vertical velocity exceeding 4.3 metres per second. Consultation was undertaken with CASA over the proposed warehouse and rooftop plant configuration detailed in the report. Further information on this is presented in Section Airports Act 1996 (Commonwealth) The primary Act that is relevant to the control of intrusions into prescribed airspace around Commonwealth airports is the Airports Act Activities that result in intrusions into prescribed airspace are called controlled activities, and subsequently require approval under the Act. The Act, under Part 12 - Protection of airspace around airports, Division 4 Protection of prescribed airspace, 182 Controlled activities (1) outlines the following activities as controlled activities in relation to a prescribed airspace: (f) an activity that results in air turbulence, where: (i) the level of the turbulence exceeds the level ascertained in accordance with the regulations; and (ii) the turbulence is capable of affecting the normal flight of aircraft operating in the prescribed airspace; (g) an activity that results in the emission of smoke, dust or other particulate matter, where: (i) the emission exceeds the level ascertained in accordance with the regulations; and (ii) the smoke, dust or particulate matter is capable of affecting the ability of aircraft to operate in the prescribed airspace in accordance with Visual Flight Rules; (h) an activity that results in the emission of steam or other gas, where: (i) the emission exceeds the level ascertained in accordance with the regulations; and (ii) the steam or gas is capable of affecting the ability of aircraft to operate in the prescribed airspace in accordance with Visual Flight Rules. 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

43 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment 5 Figure 2 Moorabbin Airport Existing Obstacle Limitation Surface 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

44 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Existing conditions The following sections provide a description of the local meteorological and climatic conditions within the study area. The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) collects climatic information from Moorabbin Airport, and a range of climatic data collected from this station is presented in Table 1 (BoM 2013). Temperature and humidity data consist of monthly averages of 9 am and 3 pm readings. Also presented are monthly averages of maximum and minimum temperatures. Rainfall data consist of mean monthly rainfall and the average number of rain days per month. Table 1 Climatic Information for Moorabbin Airport Element Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean maximum temperature ( C) Mean minimum temperature ( C) Mean rainfall (mm) Mean number of days of rain 1 mm Mean 9 am temperature ( C) Mean 9 am relative humidity (%) Mean 9 am wind speed (km/h) Mean 3 pm temperature ( C) Mean 3 pm relative humidity (%) Mean 3 pm wind speed (km/h) Monthly climate statistics for Moorabbin Airport, station number Commenced: 1971; Last record: August 2013; Latitude (deg S): 37.98; Longitude (deg E): ; Elevation: 12 m; State: VIC. Source: Bureau of Meteorology, The data from Table 1 show that the area is characterised by warm summers and cold winters. January and February is typically the warmest months with mean daily maximum temperatures of 26 degrees Celsius. July is the coolest month with a mean daily minimum temperature of 6.1 degrees Celsius. Rainfall data collected at Moorabbin Airport show that October usually experiences the greatest amount of rain with the mean rainfall of 70 millimetres, however August usually experiences the greatest number of days with rain, falling over an average of 12 days in the month. The lowest monthly rainfall average is January, with a mean monthly rainfall of 44.5 millimetres over 5 rain days. The mean annual rainfall is 712 millimetres with an average of 105 rain days each year. Humidity follows a diurnal cycle, with higher relative humidity recorded at Moorabbin Airport during the mornings compared to the afternoons. Wind speeds are higher in the afternoon compared to the morning, with the highest average wind speeds occurring during January at 23 kilometres per hour. Wind speed and direction are important variables in plume modelling, as they dictate the direction and distance air plumes travel. It can be seen from long term wind rose in Figure 3 that the winds typically blow from the inland north / north west in the morning, changing to stronger south westerly coastal breezes in the afternoon. The Plume Rise Assessment in accordance with AC 139-5(0) requires five years of hourly meteorological data. Suitable meteorological data (including surface and upper hourly wind speed data) have been generated for the site using TAPM, developed by CSIRO, discussed further in Section Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

45 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment 7 Figure 3 Moorabbin Airport Long Term ( ) Diurnal Wind Roses 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

46 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment Impact assessment findings 5.1 Plume Rise Modelling As stipulated by CASA, plume rise assessments in Australia are based on the model TAPM. TAPM is a prognostic model with capability to generate meteorological data for any location in Australia using synoptic information determined from the 6-hour Limited Area Prediction System (LAPS). TAPM is described in more detail in the model s user manual (Hurley, 2008). The preliminary Plume Rise Assessment for Costco has been undertaken in accordance with the CASA (2004) requirements as described in Section 3.0. TAPM plume rise modelling parameters are detailed in Table 2. Table 2 Summary of TAPM Modelling Parameters Modelling Parameter Input TAPM Version v4.05 Number of grids (spacing) Number of grid points 25 x 25 x 25 5-year simulation period 2008 to (30 km, 10 km, 3 km, 1km) Terrain information AUSLIG 9 second (horizontal resolution 9 ) Centre of analysis S, E Local data assimilation BoM, Moorabbin Airport 2008 to 2012, station number Latitude (deg S): 37.98; Longitude (deg E) Mode Meteorology and pollution mode The preliminary Plume Rise Assessment has been based on the individual plant parameters detailed in Table 3, with their locations illustrated in Figure 4. All sources with maximum vertical exit velocities greater than 4.3 metres per second have been included in the assessment and were modelled during their operational hours, as specified within the Building Services Report (WSP, 2013) prepared for the Costco warehouse. Plume parameters used in the study were also referenced from the Building Services Report. Grid references were approximated using Google Earth imagery with the relevant warehouse plan overlays. Additional rooftop smoke vents were also identified within the Building Services Report as having potential vertical velocities greater than 4.3 metres per second. As they will only operate under an emergency fire situation, they have not been included in the plume assessment. Table 3 Initial Source Parameters Grid reference Exit Velocity Diameter Release height (AHD) Exit Temperature Source ID x y m/s m m o C Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Units HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN:

47 AECOM Costco MDP Project Plume Rise Assessment 9 Grid reference Exit Velocity Diameter Release height (AHD) Exit Temperature Source ID x y m/s m m o C HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC Bakery BK BK BK BK BK BK BK BK Kitchen K K Rotisserie R R Figure 4 Costco Warehouse Rooftop Plant Layout 06-Feb-2014 Prepared for Moorabbin Airport Corporation Pty Ltd ABN: