花蓮地震概要. February 6, 2018 (local time) M L -6.0 Hualien Earthquake, Taiwan. Ver 7.2 Date of Release:

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2018.02.06 花蓮地震概要 February 6, 2018 (local time) M L -6.

1 花蓮地震概要 February 6, 2018 (local time) M L -6.0 Hualien Earthquake, Taiwan Ver 7.2 Date of Release:

2018.02.06 Hualien Earthquake 2 M L 6.0, occurrence at 11: 50: 42.6 PM, Feb.

2 Hualien Earthquake 2 M L 6.0, occurrence at 11: 50: 42.6 PM, Feb. 6, 2016, local time (i.e., 3: 50: 42.6 PM, Feb. 6, 2018, UTC); CWB-defined Intensity Scale 7 observed in Hualien City, and Nanao Township, Yunlin County Epicenter located at N Lat., E Long., focal depth 10.0 km, (off the coast of Hualien County), 18.3 km northeast of Hualien County Hall (Source: Central Weather Bureau)

3 Shaking Intensity Contour 3 Maximum Intensity Scale 7 observed in Hualien City, Taroko, and Nanao Township. Mostly Intensity Scales 2-3 in other counties. Intensity Scale 3 in Taipei, obvious shaking felt in Taipei basin. (Source: Central Weather Bureau)

(515), Seismic Intensity Scale distribution map is generated.

4 Distribution of Seismic Intensity Scale 4 Utilizing 657 recordings from strong motion stations operated by NCREE (32), CWB Real- Time Seismic Monitoring Network (110), and Palert System (515), Seismic Intensity Scale distribution map is generated. In the figure, seven color codes represent CWBdefined Intensity Scales from 0 to 7 (PGA range also given in the legend). NCREE CWB Palert

5 5 PGA Distribution Compilation from CWB Real-Time Seismic Monitoring Network (101) NCREE EEWS (32) stations (I) (gal) (I) (gal) (I) (gal) VII 400 VII 400 VII 400 VI 250 VI 80 IV IV IV III III III II II CWB I NCREE 250 V I 250 V V CWB NCREE VI II CWB NCREE I

6 6 Spectral Acceleration Distribution Compilation from CWB Real-Time Seismic Monitoring Network (101) NCREE EEWS (32) stations (I) (gal) (I) (gal) (I) (gal) VII 400 VII 400 VII 400 VI 250 V VI IV IV III 8.0 II III II CWB I NCREE 250 V IV III I 250 V 80 CWB NCREE VI II CWB NCREE I

7 7 Selected Station with Higher PGVs PGA 434gal PGV 54 cm/s PGA 337gal PGV 54 cm/s (Central Weather Bureau RTD stations)

8 Six CWB Stations in Proximity of Epicenter ENA 南澳 8 ETL 太魯閣氣象局定位震央 A210 國福 ETM 銅門 HWA 花蓮市 EYL 鹽寮

9 Accelerograms of Six CWB Stations 9 ENA 南澳 ETL 太魯閣 A210 國福 ETM 銅門 HWA 花蓮市 EYL 鹽寮

10 10 Response Spectra of Six CWB Stations ENA 南澳 ETL 太魯閣 A210 國福 ETM 銅門 HWA 花蓮市 EYL 鹽寮

11 11 ENA 南澳 PGA=428gal Stations with recorded PGA>300gal ETL 太魯閣 PGA=482gal A210 NCREE PGA=347gal TEM 銅門 PGA=330gal Lingding Fault Milun Fault HWA 花蓮市 PGA=434gal EYL 鹽寮 PGA=337gal

12 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 400gal Compared with Design Spectra 12 ETL( 太魯閣 )epicentral distance = 7.08 km Acc., (gal) PGA=482gal Sa,(g) SDS SD1 SMS SM

13 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 400gal Compared with Design Spectra HWA( 花蓮市 )epicentral distance = km Nearby Fault Longitudinal Valley Fault Distance 0.50 km 13 SDS SD1 SMS SM Acc., (gal) PGA=434gal Sa,(g)

14 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 400gal Compared with Design Spectra 14 ENA( 南澳 )epicentral distance = km Acc., (gal) PGA=428gal Sa,(g) SDS SD1 SMS SM

15 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 300 gal Compared with Design Spectra 15 A210(NCREE)epicentral distance = km Acc., (gal) PGA=342gal Sa,(g) SDS SD1 SMS SM

16 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 300 gal Compared with Design Spectra 16 EYL( 鹽寮 )epicentral distance = 27.87km Nearby Fault Longitudinal Valley Fault Distance 6.82 km SDS SD1 SMS SM Acc., (gal) PGA=342gal Sa,(g)

17 Response Spectra of Stations with PGA > 300 gal Compared with Design Spectra 17 ETM( 銅門 )epicentral distance = km Nearby Fault Longitudinal Valley Fault Distance km Acc., (gal) PGA=330gal Sa,(g) SDS SD1 SMS SM

18 18 Dominant Frequency of Microtremor H/V Guosheng 6 th St. 國盛六街 41 號 (11F) 雲翠大樓 (12F) Yunmen Tsuiti Complex 統帥大飯店 (11F) Marshal Hotel

19 19 19

20 Resonant Frequency May have Caused Building Collapses 20 H/V spectral ratios show that local site characteristics have a dominant frequency at about 1 Hz in the region of collapsed buildings, which may explain why response spectra at HWA Station have a local peak at 0.9 sec. The collapsed buildings (10 to 12 stories) also have their dominant frequency at about 1 Hz.

Both institutes reported left lateral rupture.

21 Focal Mechanism Solution 21 The focal mechanism solutions reported by CWB-Taiwan and USGS are similar. Both institutes reported left lateral rupture. Plane Strike Dip Rake NP NP (USGS) (CWB_CMT)

22 Aftershock Activities 22 As of 4:00am on Feb 7, aftershock activities are still high. The largest aftershock had a Richter magnitude M L 5.4 (Central Weather Bureau)

23 Foreshocks and Aftershocks There were about 100 felt foreshocks (blue hollow circles) with the largest one having a Richter magnitude M L 5.8, mostly located northeast to the mainshock (red star).

23 23 Foreshocks and Aftershocks There were about 100 felt foreshocks (blue hollow circles) with the largest one having a Richter magnitude M L 5.8, mostly located northeast to the mainshock (red star). There have been about 147 felt aftershocks (pink hollow circles, as of 12:50pm, Feb 7 local time) with the largest one having a Richter magnitude M L 5.4, mostly located southwest to the mainshock, along the direction from northeast to southwest extending to downtown of Hualien City, on the west side of Milun Fault.

24 USGS Global Seismographic Network USGS reported a moment magnitude M W 6.4 for the mainshock. 24 Epicenter located at N Lat., E Long., focal depth 9.5 km. (USGS)

25 25 Recent Seismic Activities in the Region Seismic activities were noticed two days before the mainshock in this area. Starting from Jan 4, intensive seismic activities took place, and an earthquake of magnitude- 5.8 in Richter scale (USGS Mw 6.0) hit at 21:56 on Jan 4, and since then there had been many magnitude-5 or greater earthquakes. The mainshock of magnitude-6.0 in Richter scale (USGS Mw 6.4) hit at 23:50 on Feb 6 (local time). (Source: Central Weather Bureau)

26 26 Earthquake Event:2018_0206_2350 TELES - EARLY SEISMIC LOSS ESTIMATION

27 Estimate of PGA Distribution 27

28 28 Spectral Acceleration at T = 0.3sec Spectral Acceleration at T = 1.0sec

29 Estimate of Casualties 29 Casualty is defined as death or severely injured.

Estimate of Severely Damaged or Completely Collapsed Buildings 30 Hualien County Hualien City 花蓮市 Sinchen 新城鄉 Jian 吉安鄉 Sioulin 秀林鄉 Number of

30 Estimate of Severely Damaged or Completely Collapsed Buildings 30 Hualien County Hualien City 花蓮市 Sinchen 新城鄉 Jian 吉安鄉 Sioulin 秀林鄉 Number of severely damaged or completely collapsed buildings Low-Rise Mid-to-High High-Rise Sub-Total Sub-Total

31 EARTHQUAKE AFTERMATH 31

Damage Locations 32 七星潭大橋 Cisingtan Bridge Pier Damage 花蓮市華西路 Hualien City Huaxi Rd. pavement buckle 國盛六街 Hualien City: Guosheng 6th St. Building collapses 震央新興路尚志路口 On Xinxing Rd. & Shangzhi Rd.

32 Damage Locations 32 七星潭大橋 Cisingtan Bridge Pier Damage 花蓮市華西路 Hualien City Huaxi Rd. pavement buckle 國盛六街 Hualien City: Guosheng 6th St. Building collapses 震央新興路尚志路口 On Xinxing Rd. & Shangzhi Rd. Pavement buckle 統帥大飯店 Marshel Hotel collapse 雲門翠堤大樓 Yunmen Tsuiti Complex Collapse 花蓮大橋 Hualien Bridge deck pavement buckle 三民街公正街口 On Sanmin St. & Gongzheng St., Pavement buckle 福建街和平街口 On Fujian St. & Heping St. Pavement buckle

33 Locations of Severely Affected Structures and Milun Fault 33 Cisingtan Bridge 41 Guosheng 6th St. 2 Guosheng 6th St. Yunmen Tsuiti Complex Marshal Hotel

34 Marshal Hotel (11-Story) 統帥大飯店 Year of Build: 1977; lower two stories collapsed 34 Google Map Apple Daily Apple Daily Before Retrofit After Retrofit

35 Marshal Hotel Photos taken on Source: NCREE Reconnaissance Team

36 Marshal Hotel Photos taken on Source: NCREE Reconnaissance Team

37 Marshal Hotel Photos taken on Source: NCREE Reconnaissance Team

38 Yunmen Tsuiti Residential & Commercial Complex (12-Story) 雲門翠堤大樓 Collapsed 38 Central News Agency China Times Google Map

39 41 Guosheng 6th St. (11-Story) Residential Building 國盛六街 39 Google Map United Daily News

40 Cisingtan Bridge 七星潭大橋 40 Liberty Times Liberty Times Bridge Pier Damage

41 Hualien Bridge 花蓮大橋 41 Bridge deck pavement buckle Ettoday 新聞雲

42 Le Méridien Hualien Resort 潔西艾美酒店 Construction Tower Crane Collapse 42

43 Earthquake Aftermath from Print & Electronic Media 43 The Hualien Earthquake caused 4 high-rise buildings collapsed according to Hualien County Emergency Operation Center ( 花蓮縣災害應變中心 ) as of 9:00am on Feb 7. The quake has caused 2 deaths, and 149 missings. In addition to the 2 persons trapped in Marshal Hotel, there are still 147 missings in Yunmen Tsuiti Complex. Emergency rescue is ongoing. (Broadcasting Corporation of China 中廣新聞網 ) According to Hualien County Emergency Operation Center ( 花蓮縣災害應變中心 ) as of 9:00am on Feb 7, the Hualien Earthquake has caused 4 buildings collapsed, including Marshal Hotel ( 統帥飯店 ), 白金雙星大樓 (2 & 4 Guosheng 6 th St.), 吾居吾宿大樓 (41 Guosheng 6 th St), and Yunmen Tsuiti Complex 雲門翠堤大樓 (2 Shangxiao St.) (Broadcasting Corporation of China 中廣新聞網 )

44 Earthquake Aftermath from Print & Electronic Media 44 BBC News (Date of Release: 2018/02/07 01:00) A powerful 6.4 magnitude earthquake has toppled buildings in the Taiwanese city of Hualien, media reports say. The tremor struck at 23:50 (15:50 GMT) about 20km (12 miles) off the island's east coast. Photographs posted on social media showed extensive damage to roads and high-rise buildings. 資料來源 : Emergency services are working to free people who are trapped in a hotel that has partially collapsed, the reports say. Source: 全文網址

45 0206 Hualien Earthquake Aftermath as of Casualties Deaths 10, Injured 272, Missing :00 Evacuation Lifeline Evacuated refugees 830 Accumulated no. of refugees in shelter 830, current no. of refugees in shelter 799 Electricity: Outage households 2008 ; waiting for repair 0 ; electricity supply already restored for all ordinary users (exception for 186 households in the 4 collapsed buildings) Water Supply: Outage households 40,000 as of 16:00 on Feb 8, outage households down to 9,000 after repair, mostly at downtown Hualien. Due to numerous aftershocks, pipeline leakage was found, and are currently pinpointing spots of leakage for emergency repair. Land Phone: Outage households 0, repaired 0, waiting for repair 0 Cellphone Base Station Sites: Damaged 70, repaired 62, waiting to be repaired 8 (expected time of restoration at 18:00 on Feb 9) LNG: outage household 0, repaired 0, waiting to be repaired : :00 Building Damage Building Safety Evaluation: 5 Red Placards, 0 Yellow Placard :00 Transportation Freeway 國道 : Damage 0, repaired 0, closed for safety concerns 0 Provincial Highway 省道 :Damage 0, repair 0, closed for safety 0 County Route 縣道 : Damage 0, repair 0, closed for safety 0 High Speed Rail: normal operation Taiwan Rail: normal operation Air Transportation: 2 domestic flights cancelled Sea Transportation: normal operation, Port of Hualien had its 3 wharfs damaged and repair work is ongoing. Toursim: 台灣觀巴 Taiwan Tour Bus (Taroko) & 台灣好行 Taiwan Stress-free Travel (Taroko Route) out of service on Feb :00 School Damage 172 schools; Loss NT$ 108,230k Agricultural Loss :00 Rescue Taskforce Ministry of National Defense: Army soldiers 1147 attendances, vehicles 244 trips, helicopters 35 trips, rescue equipment 80 items Police and Fire Department: manpower 1644 attendances, search and rescue dogs 20 attendances, vehicle 378 trips, air rescue 13 trips, helicopters :00

46 EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING 46

47 School EEWS Station Locations 46 main stations 1115 secondary stations 公館民義仁光塭內德高北嶺永清忠義宜蘭碧潭獅潭南安中和平富世新興興華東和宏崙大興育人月眉稻香豐裡光復頭社桃源富源三興港坪玉東良嘉南溪州新庄嘉誠初來龍田赤山楓林大平興隆豐里口社春日 47 嘉蘭安朔 School EEWS Main Stations

48 48 Event No Hualien EEWS Performance 富世國小稻香國小豐裡國小光復國小 Station Name Actual Intensi ty 富世國小 On-Site EEWS Re (km) Allowable Response Time (sec) Intensity Prediction 稻香國小豐裡國小光復國小

49 Thanks for Your Kind Attention

Development and Application of Earthquake Early Warning System in NCREE. P.Y. Lin, T.Y. Hsu & H.W. Jiang

Development and Application of Earthquake Early Warning System in NCREE P.Y. Lin, T.Y. Hsu & H.W. Jiang Introduction of earthquake wave P Wave (primary wave): 6 ~ 7 km/s S Wave (shear wave or secondary