2014 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题

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1 2014 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题扫一扫, 对答案 1. 打开万题库职称英语万题库客户端, 扫描二维码 2. 提交答案后即可评分并查看解析本试卷由万题库为用户生成 -1-

2 词汇选项 : 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线, 请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项 2014 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 1.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. furnish publish copy summarize 2.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. appeared eased improved relieved 3.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. homework justice act model 4.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. invented reproduced designed reported 5.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. point tendency result finding 6.That uniform makes the guards look absurd. serious beautiful impressive ridiculous -2-

3 7.This was disaster on a cosmic scale. modest commercial huge national 8.The group does not advocate the use of violence. limit regulate support oppose 9.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. motionless silent seated true 10.A person's wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. opposite equal certain large 11.The country was torn apart by strife. poverty war conflict economy 12.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. amazing depressing dull 13.His professional career spanned 16 years. predictable -3-

4 started changed moved 14.The department deferred the decision for six months. arrived at lasted abided by put off protested against 15.His stomach felt hollow with fear. sincere respectful terrible 阅读判断 : 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断 : 如果该句提供的 empty 是正确信息, 请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择 C ( 第题, 每题 1 分, 共 7 分 ) Experience the World in 3D Game Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence. The online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist( 眼科专家 )Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics( 模仿 )the vision of five animals cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees as a player steers them through Place Vend?e in Paris. Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars, says Schmidt- Morand. The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animals vision. Dassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field. Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous( 令人作 -4-

5 呕的 ), says Schmidt-Morand.So we tweaked( 微调 )the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality. The rat's view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is a blur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area,says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals. 16.The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species. right wrong not mentioned 17.Dassault's 3D software takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account. right wrong not mentioned 18.The animals'views in the software are the same as those in reality. right wrong not mentioned 19.Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans. right wrong not mentioned 20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat's view because they're nearsighted. right wrong not mentioned 21.The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals. right wrong not mentioned 22.Schmidt-Morand's favorite animal is cat. right wrong not mentioned -5-

6 概括大意与完成句子 : 下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务 :(1) 第题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定段落每段选择 1 个标题 ;(2) 第题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项 ( 第题, 每题 1 分, 共 8 分 ) Climate Change: The Long Reach 1.Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge( 评估 )Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time. 2.People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide,a colorless gas. In the air,this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released,the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow,the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3.Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time,changes in the planet's environment could nudge( 推动 )global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach and warm the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more,causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback. 4.Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However he adds,they're limited. From a climate change perspective, "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science Nwes. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks." While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and migration of plant life as they relocate to more comfortable areas are two examples of slow feedbacks. 5.Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5 for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 23.Paragraph 2 impact of burning fossil fuels slow feedbacks a prediction of future climate change fast feedbacks -6-

7 E.Rising of sea levels F.Unpredictability of feedback processes 24.Paragraph 3 impact of burning fossil fuels a prediction of future climate change slow feedbacks fast feedbacks E.Rising of sea levels 25.Paragraph 4 impact of burning fossil fuels a prediction of future climate change F.Unpredictability of feedback processes slow feedbacks fast feedbacks E.Rising of sea levels 26.Paragraph 5 impact of burning fossil fuels a prediction of future climate change F.Unpredictability of feedback processes slow feedbacks fast feedbacks E.Rising of sea levels F.Unpredictability of feedback processes 27.Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in. a very long time recorded history rapid exaggeration of impacts the extra heat E.the exposed ground F.previously published studies 28.Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach. a very long time recorded history rapid exaggeration of impacts the extra heat E.the exposed ground F.previously published studies 29.Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing. a very long time recorded history rapid exaggeration of impacts the extra heat E.the exposed ground 30.After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for. a very long time F.previously published studies recorded history -7-

8 rapid exaggeration of impacts the extra heat E.the exposed ground F.previously published studies 阅读理解 : 下面有 3 篇短文, 每篇短文后有 5 道题请根据短文内容, 为每题确定 1 个最佳选项 ( 第题, 每题 3 分, 共 45 分 ) Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet( 平板电脑 ) with nothing more than a glance. A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midas touch( 点石成金 )effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner.Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at, he says. Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. Eye Drop solves this in a slick ( 灵巧的 )way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism, he says. This now allows users to seamlessly( 无缝地 ) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner. While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. 31.The eye-tracker technology enables us to. change our computer screen. move an object from screen with a glance. -8-

9 focus on anything that interests us. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. 32.Why is a button needed? to minimize the cost of Eye Drop. to choose as many objects as possible. to make Eye Drop different from 34.Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use. A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer to select what we want. others. 33.The word "this" in Paragraph 6 refers to. application of gaze-tracking in interaction between human and human-computer interaction. computer. generalization of Eye Drop combination of gaze-tracking with system. input on touch devices. they are costly. they are expected to come out soon. they are available. they are installed in Google Glass headset. 35.What is Turner likely to study next? how to present the system in how to get touchscreen involved. public. how to drag and drop with gaze and how to cut and paste content from a taps. public display. Post-menopausal( 绝经后 )women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention, followed women out of 97,785 aged who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics( 有氧运动 )and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They -9-

10 completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said: Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women."more strenuous( 紧张的 )and longer activities lowered the risk even more." Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:"this study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference." She added:"we know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer." 36.All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT. 37.It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel s study that. 38.Dr. Alpa Patel was 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 regular walking recreational activity daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology. chair of the American Cancer Society. breathing exercise lifestyle choices women have fewer chances of physical activity walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer head of the survey study. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign. 39.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? most women take walking as their only recreational activity. irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women the study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women. -10-

11 40.The word "sustainable" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to. affordable available continuable persistent The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don't worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras( 北极光 )is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate( 跳动 ), flicker( 闪烁 ), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it! 41.The solar wind comes into being as a result of. fast flow of energy away from the disappearance of the Sun's Sun. gravity. unpredictable weather of the Sun. a stream of particles being blown away. -11-

12 42.What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth? a protective magnetic field is formed at the same time. it is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. it destroys the protective magnetic it breaks magnetic field lines and field surrounding the Earth. does severe damage to the Earth 43.The Northern Lights are created when. atomic particles fall to the Earth 45.What is the author's tone toward the Northern Lights? the magnetic field lines fail to and collide with atmospheric gas reconnect. molecules. the electrons falling to the Earth oxygen and nitrogen are separated shine in different colors. from the atmospheric gases. 44.Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights? their movement is slow enough to be people cannot see them unless observed with the eyes. traveling to Alaska or Canada they are very close to the they are very long and thick. ground. indifferent sarcastic appreciative sharp 补全短文 : 下面的短文有 5 处空白, 短文后有 6 个句子, 其中 5 个取自短文, 请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置, 以恢复文章原貌 ( 第题, 每题 2 分, 共 10 分 ) Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St. Martin's Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an "account of violence, rage, redemption( 救赎 ), and, ultimately forgiveness." The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally. (46) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant( 袭击者 )from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup. Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton's lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. (47) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. -12-

13 Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated( 证明清白 )Cotton and just as unequivocally( 明确地 ) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. (48) "The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul," she wrote. "And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent." (49) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled "Our memoir of injustice and redemption." Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives "with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly (50)" 2014 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 46.. another trial was held. thompson was shocked and devastated. E.I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case. 47.. another trial was held. thompson was shocked and devastated. during the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身 )or other identifying marks. jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. F.Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses. during the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身 )or other identifying marks. jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. E.I cannot begin to imagine what would F.Many criminals are sent to prison on have happened had my mistaken the basis of accurate testimony by identification occurred in a capital eyewitnesses. case. 48.. another trial was held. during the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身 )or other -13-

14 identifying marks. thompson was shocked and devastated. E.I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case. 49.. another trial was held. thompson was shocked and devastated. E.I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case. 50.. another trial was held. thompson was shocked and devastated. jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. F.Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses. during the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身 )or other identifying marks. jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. F.Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses. during the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身 )or other identifying marks. jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. E.I cannot begin to imagine what would F.Many criminals are sent to prison on have happened had my mistaken the basis of accurate testimony by identification occurred in a capital eyewitnesses. case. 完形填空 : 下面的短文有 l5 处空白, 请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 l 个最佳选项 ( 第题, 每题 1 分, 共 15 分 ) Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation( 延迟 ). They found that developing musical skills involves the -14-

15 (51) process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could (52) children with learning disabilities. Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training (53) putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This (54) is not much different from learning how to speak. Both involve different senses. She further explains musical training and learning to (55) each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music (56) through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. The brain stem (57) our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. (58) Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical (59). They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures (60) activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument the cello( 大提琴 ).Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar (61) some of the sounds that are important with speech. The study found that the more years of training people had, the more (62) they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the (63) of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning (64). She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they (65) sentences and understand facial expressions better 年职称英语理工类 A 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 51.. unique strange 52.. tell entertain 53.. shapes different same remind help relates enhances 54.. form involves step process 55.. play point sing -15-

16 think speak 56.. use look 57.. develops pass put assesses control 58.. so observes but moreover 59.. instruments ability 60.. brain musical 61.. as as types contact physical speech to of 62.. familiar at inactive sensitive 63.. reduction implication 64.. disabilities critical interference improvement styles interests 65.. hear approaches read write change -16-

2014 年职称英语理工类 B 级考试真题

2014 年职称英语理工类 B 级考试真题考试时长 :120 分钟总分 :100 分 2014 年职称英语理工类 B 级考试真题扫一扫, 对答案 1. 打开万题库职称英语万题库客户端, 扫描二维码 2. 提交答案后即可评分并查看解析本试卷由万题库为用户生成 -1- 词汇选项 : 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有下划线, 请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项 ( 第 1-15 题,