River Location Percent change in precipitation
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1 Tble 10.1 Percentge chnge in nnul runoff with different chnges in nnul precipittion nd n increse in temperture of 2 C. Source: From vrious sources in Arnell (1996, tble 5.1) River Loction Percent chnge in precipittion White Colordo bsin, USA Est Colordo bsin, USA Anims Colordo bsin, USA Upper Colordo Colordo bsin, USA Lower Delwre USA Ssktchewn Cnd Pese Texs, USA Lef Mississippi, USA Nzoi Keny Mesohor Greece Pyli Greece Jrdine North-Est Austrli Corng South-Est Austrli
2 Tble 10.2 Potentil hydrologicl chnges in permfrost regions. Source: A.S.G., from informtion in Woo (1996) Incresed precipittion Reduced proportion of snow, incresed proportion of rin Erlier melting of snowpcks More groundwter storge in deeper ctive lyers Incresed summer evportive losses due to higher tempertures or replcement of lichens nd mosses by trnspiring plnts Less overlnd flow cross impermeble permfrost Degrdtion of permfrost will dd wter during the trnsient phse of climtic chnge Chnges in timing, extent nd durtion of ice jms Increse in surfce ponding due to thermokrst development Subterrnen flow conduits my reopen
3 Tble 10.3 Predicted chnge in climte vribles for different GCM scenrios () Climte chnge scenrios for Cliforni for the 2080s (reltive to men) HADCM2 HADCM2-S ECHAM4 Precipittion chnge (%) Temperture chnge ( C) (b) Sesonl chnges in runoff for Cliforni under GCM scenrios GCM scenrio Runoff chnge (%) Annul Wet seson (Jnury July) Dry seson (August December) ECHAM HdCM HdCM2-S (c) Estimted chnge in runoff in Cliforni (from Smith et l. 2001, tble 1) using Cndin nd Hdley GCMs Historicl runoff (mm/yer), Chnge in nnul runoff (mm/yer), Chnge in nnul runoff (mm/yer), Cndin Hdley Cndin Hdley NB: Hdley model for Cliforni proposes for 2090s 4.9 C increse in winter tempertures nd 4.6 C increse in summer tempertures. Annul precipittion will increse by 30%. The Cndin model equivlents re 7.1 C nd 4.3 C nd c. 70%.
4 Tble 10.4 Chnges in precipittion under vrious wrming scenrios nd corresponding men pek dischrge for three south Asin rivers. Source: Mirz (2002), with modifictions GCM Gnges Brhmputr Meghn ΔT ( C) ΔP (%) Men pek dischrge (m 3 /s) ΔP (%) Men pek dischrge (m 3 /s) ΔP (%) Men pek dischrge (m 3 /s) CSIRO , , , , , , , , , HADCM , , , , , , , , , GFDL , , , , , , , , , LLNL , , , , , , , , , = Percentge of present pek dischrge vlue.
5 Tble 10.5 Possible consequences of future climte chnge for building stone decy in the UK. Source: Viles (2002, tble 3). Dominnt building stone type Process responses Other threts Overll response North-west wrmer, wetter winters South-est wrmer, drier summers Siliceous sndstones nd grnites Limestones Incresed chemicl wethering. Less freeze thw wethering. More orgnic growths contributing to soiling. Less freeze thw wethering. Reduced chemicl wethering s result of less vilble wter. Incresed slt crystlliztion in summer. More deteriorting orgnic growths. Incresed storm ctivity my cuse episodic dmge. Incresed wve heights my encourge fster wethering in costl res. Incresed flooding my encourge decy. Incresed drying of soils (especilly cly-rich soils) will encourge subsidence nd building dmge. Low-lying costl res will be prticulrly prone to mrine encrochment. Incresed drought frequency my encourge decy. Enhnced chemicl decy processes nd biologicl soiling, reduced physicl decy processes. Enhnced physicl nd biologicl wethering, more dust for soiling, reduced chemicl wethering.
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