MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF GEOTHERMAL HEAT TRANSFER IN HOT DRY ROCK UNDERGROUND HEAT EXCHANGERS
|
|
- Willa Lynch
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv MAHEMAICAL SIMULAION OF GEOHERMAL HEA RANSFER IN HO DRY ROCK UNDERGROUND HEA EXCHANGERS Kristín KÁZMÉROVÁ, Michl MASARYK Slovk University of echnology Brtislv, Slovki, ABSRAC he rticle describes clcultion method for non- stedy stte het trnsfer in Hot Dry Rock mssive his method is used in geotherml pplictions focused on the eploittion of stored het in deep hot erth underground which is quntittively much lrger source of therml energy thn common geotherml underground wters Obtining of this kind of therml energy requires the building of underground het echngers, drilled directly into rock mssive Het crrying fluid which is usully river wter or crbon dioide pumped from the erth s surfce in to the underground het echnger vi drillings (wells) tkes out the het from the surrounding rock hus non-stedy stte het trnsfer occurs in tht surrounding rock mssive which is continully sub cooled On the other hnd the sme surrounding rock mssive is continully heted from deeper lyers of rock mssive he clcultion of these het trnsfer processes nd eperimentl verifiction of this clcultion is presented below Keywords: geotherml energy, het trnsfer in hot dry rock, non-stedy stte het trnsfer INRODUCION Geotherml energy belongs mongst the most promising lterntive energy sources, especilly Hot Dry Rock systems in which the het is stored in rock mssive directly, nd thus it is not bound to reltively scrce geotherml underground wters Becuse quntittively, this het source is prcticlly unlimited, it hs specil importnce for future energy supplies he reson tht this het source is not utilized industrilly on lrger scle yet, is to be found, bove ll, in the reltively high costs for wells nd in the uncertinties of mking lrge volume underground het echngers (even one kilometre in dimeter) which hve to be creted directly in underground rock mssive However the drilling technologies re progressing quickly nd the first dozens of geotherml power plnts bsed on Hot Dry Rock het utiliztion re lredy functioning worldwide, including in the EU Additionlly, s Slovki nd the Crpthin region hve generlly prticulrly suitble geologicl conditions for such pplictions, the respective technologies, know how nd design skills re becoming more nd more importnt [] UNDERGROUND HEA SORED IN ROCK In generl, the higher the temperture difference tht is vilble in thermodynmic cycle, the higher the qulity (ie energy) the respective het source hs herefore, bove ll, het sources with high temperture levels enble n effective echnge of het into mechnicl work Low temperture het sources under 30 C re not considered s suitble for energy trnsformtion into mechnicl work, nd such low potentil het is utilized directly nd only for purposes such s district heting, or heting of greenhouses or swimming pools
2 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv herefore, if there is rock underground with tempertures bove 50 C t resonble depths (ie up to 4000 m), geotherml power plnt, bsed on the utiliztion of Hot Dry Rock het becomes rel possibility his is the cse of some res of Slovki A Hot Dry Rock bsed geotherml system consists bsiclly of geotherml power plnt bsed on the Orgnic Rnkine cycle (ORC), coupled to injection nd eploittion deep wells nd underground het echngers [] here is no doubt tht the most risky prt of building such system is the underground het echnger One of the very importnt prts t the design of the bove mentioned het echnger is the correct estimte of the necessry dimensions of het echnging surfces between the hot rock nd the het crrying fluid, which is usully wter he wter (obviously river wter) is pumped into n underground het echnger where it is heted by the surrounding hot rock herefore the rock mssive is grdully cooled round the pipes of the echnger, in which the het crrying wter flows On the other hnd, it is obvious, tht sub cooled rock prts re heted from the more distnt, unffected surrounding hot rock mssive hus, n interesting sitution ppers in the het flows inside the underground rock het echnger Principlly, this thermo kinetic sitution cn be formlly clssified s non stedy stte het trnsfer in n unlimited mssive or hlf limited mssive CALCULAION OF HEA RANSFER Logiclly, we need to know the het trnsfer reltions for determining the underground het echnger dimensions t required energy demnds he determintion of this key prmeter ie het trnsfer in the het echnger ws crried out by following method: We used the following simplifictions in our modelling: we considered pipe drilled into rock mssive in which cold wter flows s geometric model All clcultions were crried out on this geometric model he conductivity het trnsfer coefficient α ws clculted for 40 C wter flowing turbulently through pipe in 00 C rock mssive Grnite ws tken s the surrounding rock mssive, with n verge therml conductivity of,5 W(m K) - he physicl properties of rock nd wter re indicted in b nd b b Rock properties Density ρ H kgm Specific het cpcity c ph J(kg K) - 84 emperture of unffected rock H C 00 herml conductivity λ H W(m K) -,5 Depth of echnger h m 3000 he het trnsport medium (het crrier) is considered wter in liquid phse (b )
3 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv b Physicl properties of H O Density ρ kgm , Specific het cpcity c p J(kg K) emperture t 0 C 40 herml conductivity λ W(m K) - 0,65 Conductivity Het rnsfer coefficient α W m - K MEHOD GAUSS DIVERGENCE INEGRAL he rock will be considered s hlf-limited mssive influenced by sudden subcooling he limiting condition is tht the finl temperture is equl to zero (Θ 0) t the time 0s on the pipe surfce 0m herefore, in the solution of the differentil eqution for non-stedy het trnsfer []: ε (, ) Θ(, ) [ A( ε ) cos( ε ) B( ε ) sin( ε ) ] e i + S i i i i () i it is necessry to put the coefficient A( ε i ) s equl to zero nd consider the solution in the following simplified epression: ε Θ (, ) B( εi ) sin( εi ) e i () i After severl modifictions, we cn rech reltionship for the clcultion of the het flow s function of time qs λh ρ H ch ( S ) W/m (3) π If we input time step of 0 h, the specific het flow fter the first ten hours will be [3]:, q S ( 00 40) 443,85 W/m (3) π36000 his method considers therml ccumultion potentil insted of incresing therml resistnce herml ccumultion potentil hs n equivlent reltionship with the convection coefficient of het trnsfer on the flowing het crrier side
4 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv Fig Het flow from the rock mssive into het crrying medium As cn be seen from the grph bove, the specific het flow will be stbilized t vlue of 60 Wm - he constnt temperture fields in continully subcooled rock mssive re determined by using of Guss divergence integrl, where the beginning of process is given [3]: 0 0 ψ (4) And for the unfinite time: ψ (5) hen the temperture t time nd t dimeter distnce r from the is of the pipe will be: ( ) ψ, t S ( ) ( ) S r, ψ [ C] (6) Where is the temperture of rock mssive in the unffected re S is the temperture of the het crrying medium (ie wter) t the point of inlet into the het echnger pipe
5 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv Fig Hot rock mssive temperture drop depending on time Fig 3 Fields of constnt tempertures in grdully sub cooled rock mssive he clcultion ws performed using the MAHEMAICA progrm nd its ccurcy ws verified eperimentlly in lbortory tests t the Institute of herml Power Engineering, SU he eperiments were crried out in n eperimentl modelling stnd with smller dimeter, thus the verifiction of the bove described clcultion could be confirmed only for smller dimeters of solid rock mteril
6 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv In the eperiment, wter t 80 C ws used s het source for solid rock he cooling medium, simulting the role of the het crrying medium in the underground het echnger ws wter t 7 C he comprison of the bove mentioned clcultion nd eperimentl results re shown in fig 4 Fig 4 Comprison of eperiment nd clcultion (6: R0,5m, 7:Rm) MEHOD FORCHHEIMER MEHOD Due the fct tht n eperimentl verifiction of the thermo kinetic behvior for sub cooled rock mssive cn be crried out only for limited dimeters, we used nother clcultion method to verify the clculted results Both clcultion methods, the Guss divergence integrl nd the Forchheimer, method were compred For the clcultion using the Forchheimer method, the sme limiting conditions, ie unffected rock mssive temperture of 00 C ( H ) nd temperture of the het crrying medium of 40 C( s ) were epected A horizontl pipe with dimeter r 0,m ws considered s geometricl givens he surfce temperture of the het echnger pipe ws tken s equl to the wter temperture, ie 40 C In the literture [4] the het flow density is: q hor λ Hor ( ) π H h ln + d S d h [Wm - ] (7)
7 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv he curvture of isotherms is epressed in the numertor of the eqution, nd het resistnce is epressed in the denomintor of the frction, where λhor is therml conductivity of the rock, d is the dimeter of the pipe nd h is depth of echnger hus, the het flow density t the inlet into the het echnger pipe (wter 40 C, rock 00 C) is: q hor,5 π 500 ln + 0, ( 00 40) 500 0, 43,85 [Wm - ] Of course, the het flow density depends on the temperture difference between the wter nd the rock, nd therefore is not constnt long the whole pipe COMPARISON OF RESULS he results from both clcultions methods were compred After re-clcultion of the first method, the Guss divergence integrl for pipe of dimeter d 0,m nd t different temperture grdients, we obtined the following result vlues: b 3 Comprison of results Men medi temperture [ C] emperture grdient [K] Het flow [W/m] method method ,8703 4, ,84 40, , , , , ,907 3, ,608 9, ,489 6, ,6770 4, ,935, ,933 8, ,454 6, ,7095 3, ,9676 0, ,57 8, ,4838 5, ,749,683758
8 SCIENIFIC PROCEEDINGS 009, Fculty of Mechnicl Engineering, SU in Brtislv CONCLUSION As we cn see in the ble 3, both clculting methods gve similr results he correltion between clculted vlues nd the limited eperimentl results is lso stisfctory, therefore both presented methods for the thermo kinetic behvoiur of solid rock mssive nd het underground het echnger cn be considered s suitble bses for the design clcultion of geotherml Hot- Dry-Rock power systems REFERENCES [] Gróf, G: Muszki hőtn, hőközlés, BME Budpest, 007 [] Šorin, SN: Sdílení tepl, SNL-Nkldtelství technické litertury, Prh, 968 [3] Msryk M: Energetický potenciál geotermálneho tepl suchých hornín n území Slovensk jeho využitie pre výrobu elektrickej energie, ézy hbilitčnej prednášky, SjF SU 009, ISBN: [4] Knížt, B, Rjzinger, J, óth, P: Prenos tepl medzi plynom okolím, Slovgs /005
5.7 Improper Integrals
458 pplictions of definite integrls 5.7 Improper Integrls In Section 5.4, we computed the work required to lift pylod of mss m from the surfce of moon of mss nd rdius R to height H bove the surfce of the
More informationCBE 291b - Computation And Optimization For Engineers
The University of Western Ontrio Fculty of Engineering Science Deprtment of Chemicl nd Biochemicl Engineering CBE 9b - Computtion And Optimiztion For Engineers Mtlb Project Introduction Prof. A. Jutn Jn
More informationStudies on Nuclear Fuel Rod Thermal Performance
Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedi 1 (1) 1 17 Studies on Nucler Fuel od herml Performnce Eskndri, M.1; Bvndi, A ; Mihndoost, A3* 1 Deprtment of Physics, Islmic Azd University, Shirz
More informationApplications of Bernoulli s theorem. Lecture - 7
Applictions of Bernoulli s theorem Lecture - 7 Prcticl Applictions of Bernoulli s Theorem The Bernoulli eqution cn be pplied to gret mny situtions not just the pipe flow we hve been considering up to now.
More informationINVESTIGATION OF BURSA, ESKIKARAAGAC USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD
INVESTIGATION OF BURSA, ESKIKARAAGAC USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD Gökçen ERYILMAZ TÜRKKAN, Serdr KORKMAZ Uludg University, Civil Engineering Deprtment, Burs, Turkey geryilmz@uludg.edu.tr,
More informationImproper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as
Improper Integrls Two different types of integrls cn qulify s improper. The first type of improper integrl (which we will refer to s Type I) involves evluting n integrl over n infinite region. In the grph
More informationCHM Physical Chemistry I Chapter 1 - Supplementary Material
CHM 3410 - Physicl Chemistry I Chpter 1 - Supplementry Mteril For review of some bsic concepts in mth, see Atkins "Mthemticl Bckground 1 (pp 59-6), nd "Mthemticl Bckground " (pp 109-111). 1. Derivtion
More informationf(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral
Improper Integrls Every time tht we hve evluted definite integrl such s f(x) dx, we hve mde two implicit ssumptions bout the integrl:. The intervl [, b] is finite, nd. f(x) is continuous on [, b]. If one
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics. Control Mass (Closed System) Conservation of Mass. Conservation of Energy
First w of hermodynmics Reding Problems 3-3-7 3-0, 3-5, 3-05 5-5- 5-8, 5-5, 5-9, 5-37, 5-0, 5-, 5-63, 5-7, 5-8, 5-09 6-6-5 6-, 6-5, 6-60, 6-80, 6-9, 6-, 6-68, 6-73 Control Mss (Closed System) In this section
More informationJackson 2.26 Homework Problem Solution Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell
Jckson 2.26 Homework Problem Solution Dr. Christopher S. Bird University of Msschusetts Lowell PROBLEM: The two-dimensionl region, ρ, φ β, is bounded by conducting surfces t φ =, ρ =, nd φ = β held t zero
More informationMotion of Electrons in Electric and Magnetic Fields & Measurement of the Charge to Mass Ratio of Electrons
n eperiment of the Electron topic Motion of Electrons in Electric nd Mgnetic Fields & Mesurement of the Chrge to Mss Rtio of Electrons Instructor: 梁生 Office: 7-318 Emil: shling@bjtu.edu.cn Purposes 1.
More informationGoals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite
Unit #8 : The Integrl Gols: Determine how to clculte the re described by function. Define the definite integrl. Eplore the reltionship between the definite integrl nd re. Eplore wys to estimte the definite
More informationCONTRIBUTION TO THE EXTENDED DYNAMIC PLANE SOURCE METHOD
CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXTENDED DYNAMIC PLANE SOURCE METHOD Svetozár Mlinrič Deprtment of Physics, Fculty of Nturl Sciences, Constntine the Philosopher University, Tr. A. Hlinku, SK-949 74 Nitr, Slovki Emil:
More informationThermal Performance of Electrocaloric Refrigeration using Thermal Switches of Fluid Motion and Changing Contact Conductance
Americn Journl of Physics nd Applictions 2016; 4(5): 134-139 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jp doi:.11648/j.jp.20160405.12 ISSN: 2330-4286 (Print); ISSN: 2330-4308 (Online) Therml Performnce of
More informationScientific notation is a way of expressing really big numbers or really small numbers.
Scientific Nottion (Stndrd form) Scientific nottion is wy of expressing relly big numbers or relly smll numbers. It is most often used in scientific clcultions where the nlysis must be very precise. Scientific
More informationProperties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives
Block #6: Properties of Integrls, Indefinite Integrls Gols: Definition of the Definite Integrl Integrl Clcultions using Antiderivtives Properties of Integrls The Indefinite Integrl 1 Riemnn Sums - 1 Riemnn
More informationNUMERICAL INTEGRATION. The inverse process to differentiation in calculus is integration. Mathematically, integration is represented by.
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 1 Introduction The inverse process to differentition in clculus is integrtion. Mthemticlly, integrtion is represented by f(x) dx which stnds for the integrl of the function f(x) with
More informationNew Expansion and Infinite Series
Interntionl Mthemticl Forum, Vol. 9, 204, no. 22, 06-073 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikri.com http://dx.doi.org/0.2988/imf.204.4502 New Expnsion nd Infinite Series Diyun Zhng College of Computer Nnjing University
More informationWeek 10: Line Integrals
Week 10: Line Integrls Introduction In this finl week we return to prmetrised curves nd consider integrtion long such curves. We lredy sw this in Week 2 when we integrted long curve to find its length.
More informationTHERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF WATER FOR VOLUMETRIC CALIBRATION
XX IMEKO World Congress Metrology for Green Growth September 9,, Busn, Republic of Kore THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF WATER FOR OLUMETRIC CALIBRATION Nieves Medin Hed of Mss Division, CEM, Spin, mnmedin@mityc.es
More informationFreely propagating jet
Freely propgting jet Introduction Gseous rectnts re frequently introduced into combustion chmbers s jets. Chemicl, therml nd flow processes tht re tking plce in the jets re so complex tht nlyticl description
More informationSimulated Performance of Packed Bed Solar Energy Storage System having Storage Material Elements of Large Size - Part I
The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journl, 2008, 1, 91-96 91 Open Access Simulted Performnce of Pcked Bed Solr Energy Storge System hving Storge Mteril Elements of Lrge Size - Prt I Rnjit Singh *,1, R.P.
More informationThe International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. Release on the Ionization Constant of H 2 O
IAPWS R-7 The Interntionl Assocition for the Properties of Wter nd Stem Lucerne, Sitzerlnd August 7 Relese on the Ioniztion Constnt of H O 7 The Interntionl Assocition for the Properties of Wter nd Stem
More informationSet up Invariable Axiom of Force Equilibrium and Solve Problems about Transformation of Force and Gravitational Mass
Applied Physics Reserch; Vol. 5, No. 1; 013 ISSN 1916-9639 E-ISSN 1916-9647 Published by Cndin Center of Science nd Eduction Set up Invrible Axiom of orce Equilibrium nd Solve Problems bout Trnsformtion
More informationMath& 152 Section Integration by Parts
Mth& 5 Section 7. - Integrtion by Prts Integrtion by prts is rule tht trnsforms the integrl of the product of two functions into other (idelly simpler) integrls. Recll from Clculus I tht given two differentible
More informationARITHMETIC OPERATIONS. The real numbers have the following properties: a b c ab ac
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA Here we review the bsic rules nd procedures of lgebr tht you need to know in order to be successful in clculus. ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS The rel numbers hve the following properties: b b
More informationThe steps of the hypothesis test
ttisticl Methods I (EXT 7005) Pge 78 Mosquito species Time of dy A B C Mid morning 0.0088 5.4900 5.5000 Mid Afternoon.3400 0.0300 0.8700 Dusk 0.600 5.400 3.000 The Chi squre test sttistic is the sum of
More informationADVANCEMENT OF THE CLOSELY COUPLED PROBES POTENTIAL DROP TECHNIQUE FOR NDE OF SURFACE CRACKS
ADVANCEMENT OF THE CLOSELY COUPLED PROBES POTENTIAL DROP TECHNIQUE FOR NDE OF SURFACE CRACKS F. Tkeo 1 nd M. Sk 1 Hchinohe Ntionl College of Technology, Hchinohe, Jpn; Tohoku University, Sendi, Jpn Abstrct:
More informationA. Limits - L Hopital s Rule. x c. x c. f x. g x. x c 0 6 = 1 6. D. -1 E. nonexistent. ln ( x 1 ) 1 x 2 1. ( x 2 1) 2. 2x x 1.
A. Limits - L Hopitl s Rule Wht you re finding: L Hopitl s Rule is used to find limits of the form f ( ) lim where lim f or lim f limg. c g = c limg( ) = c = c = c How to find it: Try nd find limits by
More informationAQA Further Pure 2. Hyperbolic Functions. Section 2: The inverse hyperbolic functions
Hperbolic Functions Section : The inverse hperbolic functions Notes nd Emples These notes contin subsections on The inverse hperbolic functions Integrtion using the inverse hperbolic functions Logrithmic
More informationImproper Integrals, and Differential Equations
Improper Integrls, nd Differentil Equtions October 22, 204 5.3 Improper Integrls Previously, we discussed how integrls correspond to res. More specificlly, we sid tht for function f(x), the region creted
More informationSUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE
SUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE Indices & Logrithms 2 Contents Indices.2 Frctionl Indices.4 Logrithms 6 Exponentil equtions. Simplifying Surds 13 Opertions on Surds..16 Scientific Nottion..18
More informationThermal Diffusivity. Paul Hughes. Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL. Second Year Laboratory Report
Therml iffusivity Pul Hughes eprtment of Physics nd Astronomy The University of nchester nchester 3 9PL Second Yer Lbortory Report Nov 4 Abstrct We investigted the therml diffusivity of cylindricl block
More information4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives
. res, integrls nd ntiderivtives 333. Ares, Integrls nd Antiderivtives This section explores properties of functions defined s res nd exmines some connections mong res, integrls nd ntiderivtives. In order
More informationPart I: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
Prt I: Bsic Concepts o Thermodynmics Lecture 4: Kinetic Theory o Gses Kinetic Theory or rel gses 4-1 Kinetic Theory or rel gses Recll tht or rel gses: (i The volume occupied by the molecules under ordinry
More informationUnit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Unit #9 : Definite Integrl Properties; Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Gols: Identify properties of definite integrls Define odd nd even functions, nd reltionship to integrl vlues Introduce the Fundmentl
More informationLecture 13 - Linking E, ϕ, and ρ
Lecture 13 - Linking E, ϕ, nd ρ A Puzzle... Inner-Surfce Chrge Density A positive point chrge q is locted off-center inside neutrl conducting sphericl shell. We know from Guss s lw tht the totl chrge on
More informationPredict Global Earth Temperature using Linier Regression
Predict Globl Erth Temperture using Linier Regression Edwin Swndi Sijbt (23516012) Progrm Studi Mgister Informtik Sekolh Teknik Elektro dn Informtik ITB Jl. Gnesh 10 Bndung 40132, Indonesi 23516012@std.stei.itb.c.id
More informationEstimation of the particle concentration in hydraulic liquid by the in-line automatic particle counter based on the CMOS image sensor
Glyndŵr University Reserch Online Conference Presenttion Estimtion of the prticle concentrtion in hydrulic liquid by the in-line utomtic prticle counter bsed on the CMOS imge sensor Kornilin, D.V., Kudryvtsev,
More informationMultiple Integrals. Review of Single Integrals. Planar Area. Volume of Solid of Revolution
Multiple Integrls eview of Single Integrls eding Trim 7.1 eview Appliction of Integrls: Are 7. eview Appliction of Integrls: Volumes 7.3 eview Appliction of Integrls: Lengths of Curves Assignment web pge
More informationMath 113 Exam 2 Practice
Mth 3 Exm Prctice Februry 8, 03 Exm will cover 7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8, 8.-3 nd 8.5. Plese note tht integrtion skills lerned in erlier sections will still be needed for the mteril in 7.5, 7.8 nd chpter 8. This
More informationStrategy: Use the Gibbs phase rule (Equation 5.3). How many components are present?
University Chemistry Quiz 4 2014/12/11 1. (5%) Wht is the dimensionlity of the three-phse coexistence region in mixture of Al, Ni, nd Cu? Wht type of geometricl region dose this define? Strtegy: Use the
More informationWe divide the interval [a, b] into subintervals of equal length x = b a n
Arc Length Given curve C defined by function f(x), we wnt to find the length of this curve between nd b. We do this by using process similr to wht we did in defining the Riemnn Sum of definite integrl:
More informationPolynomial Approximations for the Natural Logarithm and Arctangent Functions. Math 230
Polynomil Approimtions for the Nturl Logrithm nd Arctngent Functions Mth 23 You recll from first semester clculus how one cn use the derivtive to find n eqution for the tngent line to function t given
More informationPART 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the appropriate response to each of the questions below. Each question has a value of 1 point.
PART MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the pproprite response to ech of the questions below. Ech question hs vlue of point.. If in sequence the second level difference is constnt, thn the sequence is:. rithmetic
More informationA. Limits - L Hopital s Rule ( ) How to find it: Try and find limits by traditional methods (plugging in). If you get 0 0 or!!, apply C.! 1 6 C.
A. Limits - L Hopitl s Rule Wht you re finding: L Hopitl s Rule is used to find limits of the form f ( x) lim where lim f x x! c g x ( ) = or lim f ( x) = limg( x) = ". ( ) x! c limg( x) = 0 x! c x! c
More informationMathematics Number: Logarithms
plce of mind F A C U L T Y O F E D U C A T I O N Deprtment of Curriculum nd Pedgogy Mthemtics Numer: Logrithms Science nd Mthemtics Eduction Reserch Group Supported y UBC Teching nd Lerning Enhncement
More information#6A&B Magnetic Field Mapping
#6A& Mgnetic Field Mpping Gol y performing this lb experiment, you will: 1. use mgnetic field mesurement technique bsed on Frdy s Lw (see the previous experiment),. study the mgnetic fields generted by
More informationDuality # Second iteration for HW problem. Recall our LP example problem we have been working on, in equality form, is given below.
Dulity #. Second itertion for HW problem Recll our LP emple problem we hve been working on, in equlity form, is given below.,,,, 8 m F which, when written in slightly different form, is 8 F Recll tht we
More informationHT Module 2 Paper solution. Module 2. Q6.Discuss Electrical analogy of combined heat conduction and convection in a composite wall.
HT Module 2 Pper solution Qulity Solutions wwwqulitytutorilin Module 2 Q6Discuss Electricl nlogy of combined het conduction nd convection in composite wll M-16-Q1(c)-5m Ans: It is frequently convient to
More informationTerminal Velocity and Raindrop Growth
Terminl Velocity nd Rindrop Growth Terminl velocity for rindrop represents blnce in which weight mss times grvity is equl to drg force. F 3 π3 ρ L g in which is drop rdius, g is grvittionl ccelertion,
More informationPsychrometric Applications
Psychrometric Applictions The reminder of this presenttion centers on systems involving moist ir. A condensed wter phse my lso be present in such systems. The term moist irrefers to mixture of dry ir nd
More informationVorticity. curvature: shear: fluid elements moving in a straight line but at different speeds. t 1 t 2. ATM60, Shu-Hua Chen
Vorticity We hve previously discussed the ngulr velocity s mesure of rottion of body. This is suitble quntity for body tht retins its shpe but fluid cn distort nd we must consider two components to rottion:
More informationFig. 1. Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Systems with Plant Variations
ME 3600 Control ystems Chrcteristics of Open-Loop nd Closed-Loop ystems Importnt Control ystem Chrcteristics o ensitivity of system response to prmetric vritions cn be reduced o rnsient nd stedy-stte responses
More informationRel Gses 1. Gses (N, CO ) which don t obey gs lws or gs eqution P=RT t ll pressure nd tempertures re clled rel gses.. Rel gses obey gs lws t extremely low pressure nd high temperture. Rel gses devited
More informationDETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING MOMENT INTERACTION AT MICROSCALE
Determintion RevAdvMterSci of mechnicl 0(009) -7 properties of nnostructures with complex crystl lttice using DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING
More informationThe Velocity Factor of an Insulated Two-Wire Transmission Line
The Velocity Fctor of n Insulted Two-Wire Trnsmission Line Problem Kirk T. McDonld Joseph Henry Lbortories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Mrch 7, 008 Estimte the velocity fctor F = v/c nd the
More informationThe heat budget of the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect
The het budget of the tmosphere nd the greenhouse effect 1. Solr rdition 1.1 Solr constnt The rdition coming from the sun is clled solr rdition (shortwve rdition). Most of the solr rdition is visible light
More informationSummary of equations chapters 7. To make current flow you have to push on the charges. For most materials:
Summry of equtions chpters 7. To mke current flow you hve to push on the chrges. For most mterils: J E E [] The resistivity is prmeter tht vries more thn 4 orders of mgnitude between silver (.6E-8 Ohm.m)
More information1.9 C 2 inner variations
46 CHAPTER 1. INDIRECT METHODS 1.9 C 2 inner vritions So fr, we hve restricted ttention to liner vritions. These re vritions of the form vx; ǫ = ux + ǫφx where φ is in some liner perturbtion clss P, for
More informationConducting Ellipsoid and Circular Disk
1 Problem Conducting Ellipsoid nd Circulr Disk Kirk T. McDonld Joseph Henry Lbortories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (September 1, 00) Show tht the surfce chrge density σ on conducting ellipsoid,
More informationMultiple Integrals. Review of Single Integrals. Planar Area. Volume of Solid of Revolution
Multiple Integrls eview of Single Integrls eding Trim 7.1 eview Appliction of Integrls: Are 7. eview Appliction of Integrls: olumes 7.3 eview Appliction of Integrls: Lengths of Curves Assignment web pge
More informationMath 113 Fall Final Exam Review. 2. Applications of Integration Chapter 6 including sections and section 6.8
Mth 3 Fll 0 The scope of the finl exm will include: Finl Exm Review. Integrls Chpter 5 including sections 5. 5.7, 5.0. Applictions of Integrtion Chpter 6 including sections 6. 6.5 nd section 6.8 3. Infinite
More informationMath 113 Exam 1-Review
Mth 113 Exm 1-Review September 26, 2016 Exm 1 covers 6.1-7.3 in the textbook. It is dvisble to lso review the mteril from 5.3 nd 5.5 s this will be helpful in solving some of the problems. 6.1 Are Between
More informationTHE INTERVAL LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER IN A SILICON THIN FILM
ROMAI J., v.9, no.2(2013), 173 179 THE INTERVAL LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER IN A SILICON THIN FILM Alicj Piseck-Belkhyt, Ann Korczk Institute of Computtionl Mechnics nd Engineering,
More informationEnergy Consideration
Energy Considertion It hs been noted tht the most common brkes employ friction to trnsform the brked system's mechnicl energy, irreversibly into het which is then trnsferred to the surrounding environment
More information63. Representation of functions as power series Consider a power series. ( 1) n x 2n for all 1 < x < 1
3 9. SEQUENCES AND SERIES 63. Representtion of functions s power series Consider power series x 2 + x 4 x 6 + x 8 + = ( ) n x 2n It is geometric series with q = x 2 nd therefore it converges for ll q =
More informationLecture 14: Quadrature
Lecture 14: Qudrture This lecture is concerned with the evlution of integrls fx)dx 1) over finite intervl [, b] The integrnd fx) is ssumed to be rel-vlues nd smooth The pproximtion of n integrl by numericl
More information1B40 Practical Skills
B40 Prcticl Skills Comining uncertinties from severl quntities error propgtion We usully encounter situtions where the result of n experiment is given in terms of two (or more) quntities. We then need
More informationTravelling Profile Solutions For Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Equation And Contour Enhancement In Image Processing
Applied Mthemtics E-Notes 8(8) - c IN 67-5 Avilble free t mirror sites of http://www.mth.nthu.edu.tw/ men/ Trvelling Profile olutions For Nonliner Degenerte Prbolic Eqution And Contour Enhncement In Imge
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF A NOVEL INTEGRAL TRANSFORM TO THE CONVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATIONS
S33 APPLICATIONS OF A NOVEL INTEGRAL TRANSFORM TO THE CONVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATIONS by Xin LIANG, Gunnn LIU b*, nd Shnjie SU Stte Key Lbortory for Geomechnics nd Deep Underground Engineering, Chin University
More informationThe Moving Center of Mass of a Leaking Bob
The Moving Center of Mss of Leking Bob rxiv:1002.956v1 [physics.pop-ph] 21 Feb 2010 P. Arun Deprtment of Electronics, S.G.T.B. Khls College University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, Indi. Februry 2, 2010 Abstrct
More informationAn inverse steady state thermal stresses in a thin clamped circular plate with internal heat generation
Americn Journl of Engineering Reserch (AJER) e-issn : 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-02, Issue-10, pp-276-281 www.jer.org Reserch Pper Open Access An inverse stedy stte therml stresses in thin clmped
More informationJim Lambers MAT 169 Fall Semester Lecture 4 Notes
Jim Lmbers MAT 169 Fll Semester 2009-10 Lecture 4 Notes These notes correspond to Section 8.2 in the text. Series Wht is Series? An infinte series, usully referred to simply s series, is n sum of ll of
More informationMeasuring Electron Work Function in Metal
n experiment of the Electron topic Mesuring Electron Work Function in Metl Instructor: 梁生 Office: 7-318 Emil: shling@bjtu.edu.cn Purposes 1. To understnd the concept of electron work function in metl nd
More informationMAT187H1F Lec0101 Burbulla
Chpter 6 Lecture Notes Review nd Two New Sections Sprint 17 Net Distnce nd Totl Distnce Trvelled Suppose s is the position of prticle t time t for t [, b]. Then v dt = s (t) dt = s(b) s(). s(b) s() is
More informationIntro to Nuclear and Particle Physics (5110)
Intro to Nucler nd Prticle Physics (5110) Feb, 009 The Nucler Mss Spectrum The Liquid Drop Model //009 1 E(MeV) n n(n-1)/ E/[ n(n-1)/] (MeV/pir) 1 C 16 O 0 Ne 4 Mg 7.7 14.44 19.17 8.48 4 5 6 6 10 15.4.41
More informationMath 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6
Mth. Numericl Integrtion Lrson Section. This section looks t couple of methods for pproimting definite integrls numericlly. The gol is to get good pproimtion of the definite integrl in problems where n
More informationUniversity of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 453 Winter Quarter 2010 Homework Assignment 4; Due at 5p.m. on 2/01/10
University of Wshington Deprtment of Chemistry Chemistry 45 Winter Qurter Homework Assignment 4; Due t 5p.m. on // We lerned tht the Hmiltonin for the quntized hrmonic oscilltor is ˆ d κ H. You cn obtin
More informationChapter 4 Contravariance, Covariance, and Spacetime Diagrams
Chpter 4 Contrvrince, Covrince, nd Spcetime Digrms 4. The Components of Vector in Skewed Coordintes We hve seen in Chpter 3; figure 3.9, tht in order to show inertil motion tht is consistent with the Lorentz
More information7.2 The Definite Integral
7.2 The Definite Integrl the definite integrl In the previous section, it ws found tht if function f is continuous nd nonnegtive, then the re under the grph of f on [, b] is given by F (b) F (), where
More information1 Part II: Numerical Integration
Mth 4 Lb 1 Prt II: Numericl Integrtion This section includes severl techniques for getting pproimte numericl vlues for definite integrls without using ntiderivtives. Mthemticll, ect nswers re preferble
More informationSynoptic Meteorology I: Finite Differences September Partial Derivatives (or, Why Do We Care About Finite Differences?
Synoptic Meteorology I: Finite Differences 16-18 September 2014 Prtil Derivtives (or, Why Do We Cre About Finite Differences?) With the exception of the idel gs lw, the equtions tht govern the evolution
More information1 The Riemann Integral
The Riemnn Integrl. An exmple leding to the notion of integrl (res) We know how to find (i.e. define) the re of rectngle (bse height), tringle ( (sum of res of tringles). But how do we find/define n re
More informationBlack oils Correlations Comparative Study
Reservoir Technologies Blck oils Correltions Comprtive Study Dr. Muhmmd Al-Mrhoun, Mnging Director Sturdy, 26 April, 2014 Copyright 2008, NExT, All rights reserved Blck oils Correltions Introduction to
More informationNumerical Study Of Coated Electrical Contacts
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 21 Pris Numericl Study Of Coted Electricl Contcts Per Lindholm Mchine Design KTH Brinellvägen 83 SE-144 Stockholm per@md.kth.se Abstrct: Electricl
More information13.4 Work done by Constant Forces
13.4 Work done by Constnt Forces We will begin our discussion of the concept of work by nlyzing the motion of n object in one dimension cted on by constnt forces. Let s consider the following exmple: push
More informationHomework 4 , (1) 1+( NA +N D , (2)
Homework 4. Problem. Find the resistivity ρ (in ohm-cm) for piece of Si doped with both cceptors (N A = 9 cm 3 ) nd donors (N D = 6 cm 3 ). Since the electron nd hole mobilities depend on the concentrtion
More informationECO 317 Economics of Uncertainty Fall Term 2007 Notes for lectures 4. Stochastic Dominance
Generl structure ECO 37 Economics of Uncertinty Fll Term 007 Notes for lectures 4. Stochstic Dominnce Here we suppose tht the consequences re welth mounts denoted by W, which cn tke on ny vlue between
More informationMath 113 Exam 2 Practice
Mth Em Prctice Februry, 8 Em will cover sections 6.5, 7.-7.5 nd 7.8. This sheet hs three sections. The first section will remind you bout techniques nd formuls tht you should know. The second gives number
More informationChapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e
Contents 6. Antiderivtives nd the Rules of Integrtion.......................... 6. Are nd the Definite Integrl.................................. 6.. Are............................................ 6. Reimnn
More informationAn approximation to the arithmetic-geometric mean. G.J.O. Jameson, Math. Gazette 98 (2014), 85 95
An pproximtion to the rithmetic-geometric men G.J.O. Jmeson, Mth. Gzette 98 (4), 85 95 Given positive numbers > b, consider the itertion given by =, b = b nd n+ = ( n + b n ), b n+ = ( n b n ) /. At ech
More informationfractions Let s Learn to
5 simple lgebric frctions corne lens pupil retin Norml vision light focused on the retin concve lens Shortsightedness (myopi) light focused in front of the retin Corrected myopi light focused on the retin
More information5.2 Exponent Properties Involving Quotients
5. Eponent Properties Involving Quotients Lerning Objectives Use the quotient of powers property. Use the power of quotient property. Simplify epressions involving quotient properties of eponents. Use
More informationMath 1B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numerical methods
Mth B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numericl methods Nthn Pflueger 4 September 0 Introduction The five numericl methods descried in the previous lecture ll operte by the sme principle: they pproximte the
More informationA027 Uncertainties in Local Anisotropy Estimation from Multi-offset VSP Data
A07 Uncertinties in Locl Anisotropy Estimtion from Multi-offset VSP Dt M. Asghrzdeh* (Curtin University), A. Bon (Curtin University), R. Pevzner (Curtin University), M. Urosevic (Curtin University) & B.
More informationAPPROXIMATE INTEGRATION
APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION. Introduction We hve seen tht there re functions whose nti-derivtives cnnot be expressed in closed form. For these resons ny definite integrl involving these integrnds cnnot be
More informationHigher Checklist (Unit 3) Higher Checklist (Unit 3) Vectors
Vectors Skill Achieved? Know tht sclr is quntity tht hs only size (no direction) Identify rel-life exmples of sclrs such s, temperture, mss, distnce, time, speed, energy nd electric chrge Know tht vector
More informationDetermination of the activation energy of silicone rubbers using different kinetic analysis methods
Determintion of the ctivtion energy of silicone rubbers using different kinetic nlysis methods OU Huibin SAHLI ohmed BAIEE Thierry nd GELIN Jen-Clude FETO-ST Institute / Applied echnics Deprtment, 2 rue
More informationBefore we can begin Ch. 3 on Radicals, we need to be familiar with perfect squares, cubes, etc. Try and do as many as you can without a calculator!!!
Nme: Algebr II Honors Pre-Chpter Homework Before we cn begin Ch on Rdicls, we need to be fmilir with perfect squres, cubes, etc Try nd do s mny s you cn without clcultor!!! n The nth root of n n Be ble
More information