Winter. Teacher s Guide. Visual Learning Company. Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome. Assistant Editors: Lyndsey Tomasi

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1 Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome Assistant Editors: Lyndsey Tomasi Graphics: Fred Thodal Winter Teacher s Guide Visual Learning Company

2 A Message from our Company... Visual Learning is a Vermont-based, family owned company specializing in the creation of science programs. As former classroom science teachers, we have designed our programs to meet the needs and interests of both students and teachers. Our mission is to help educators and students meet educational goals while experiencing the thrill of science! Viewing Clearances The video and accompanying teacher s guide are for instructional use only. In showing these programs, no admission charges are to be incurred. The programs are to be utilized in face-to-face classroom instructional settings, library settings, or similar instructional settings. Duplication Rights are available, but must be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company. Television, cable, or satellite rights are also available, but must be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company. Closed circuit rights are available, and are defined as the use of the program beyond a single classroom but within a single campus. Institutions wishing to utilize the program in multiple campuses must purchase the multiple campus version of the program, available at a slightly higher fee. Video streaming rights are available and must be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company. Discounts may be granted to institutions interested in purchasing programs in large quantities. These discounts may be negotiated with the Visual Learning Company. Use and Copyright: The purchase of this video program entitles the user the right to reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher s guide and the black line master handouts for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, Winter. The right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any reproduction or duplication, in whole or in part, of this guide and student masters for any purpose other than for use with this video program is prohibited. The video and this teacher s guide are the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting, or reproducing in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the copyright holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501 and 506). Copyright 2011 ISBN Visual Learning Company

3 A Message from our Company Viewing Clearances Use and Copyright Student Learning Objectives Assessment Introducing the Program Key Vocabulary Program Viewing Suggestions Video Script Literature Connections Answer Key to Student Assessments Answer Key to Student Activities What Do You Know Now? What Have You Learned? Video Review Video Quiz Crossword What Should I Wear Today? Reason for the Seasons Visual Learning Company

4 Student Learning Objectives Upon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities, students will be able to do the following: Explain that winter is the coldest season overall. Describe the general winter weather for the location in which they live. Understand that the sun rises late and sets early in winter. This causes the days to be relatively short compared to other seasons. Describe dormancy as a condition in which plants are not growing and have a low level of activity. Explain that hibernation is a sleep-like state where animals are sheltered from winter weather. Define adaptation as the characteristic or behavior that helps a living thing survive. Provide an example of an adaptation an animal uses to survive in winter. List some of the challenges animals face during the winter months. Describe some activities people enjoy during winter. Understand that it is important to dress warmly to protect the skin in cold winter weather. Explain that the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun in winter. This causes the days to be relatively short. Assessment What Do You Know Now? (p. 10): This preliminary assessment is an assessment tool designed to gain an understanding of students preexisting knowledge. It can also be used as a benchmark upon which to assess student progress based on the objectives stated on the previous pages. What Have You Learned? (p. 11): This post assessment can be utilized as an assessment tool following student completion of the program and student activities. The results of this assessment can be compared against the results of the preliminary assessment to assess student progress. Video Review (p. 12): The Video Review can be used as an assessment tool or as a student activity. There are two sections. The first part contains questions displayed during the program. The second part consists of a five-question video quiz to be answered at the end of the video. Visual Learning Company

5 Introducing the Program Before showing the video program to your students write the term season on the board. Ask them to list the four seasons. Write the names of the four seasons on the board. Next, ask them which season is the coldest season (winter), and circle it. Ask students to describe the overall weather in winter where they live. Then pick a different part of the country and discuss how the overall winter weather is different there. Write this information on the board. Ask students how the length of daylight differs in winter from summer. Discuss what happens with plants and animals in winter where they live. Ask students to describe how they think animals get food, and cope with colder weather. Then ask students what things they do to help them survive in winter. How do they dress? How much time do they spend outside? How are their homes kept warm? Tell students to pay close attention to the video to learn more about winter. Key Vocabulary Adaptation Cold Dormant Hibernate Ice Season Shovel Snow Weather Winter Program Viewing Suggestions The student master Video Review is provided (p. 12) for distribution to students. You may choose to have your students complete this Master while viewing the program or do so upon its conclusion. The program is approximately 10 to 12 minutes in length and includes a five-question video quiz. Answers are not provided to the Video Quiz in the video, but are included in this guide on page 9. You may choose to grade student quizzes as an assessment tool or to review the answers in class. The video is content-rich with numerous vocabulary words. For this reason you may want to periodically stop the video to review and discuss new terminology and concepts. 5 Visual Learning Company

6 Video Script 1. The weather on this day in mid-october is sunny and cool. 2. The leaves on the trees have turned brilliant colors. 3. But, on this day in mid-january the weather is bitter cold. The trees have long since dropped their leaves. Snow blankets the ground. 4. This time of year is called winter. It is the winter season. 5. A season is one of four periods of the year. 6. The winter season follows the fall season. 7. What is the general weather like in winter? 8. How do plants and animals survive? 9. What kinds of things do people do in winter? 10. And, what causes winter? 11. During the next few minutes we are going to answer these questions as we explore the beauty and challenges of the winter season. 12. Graphic Transition What Happens in Winter? 13. Some people aren t especially fond of winter because they don t like the weather. 14. But, others enjoy many fun, winter activities. 15. You Observe! Describe the weather on this typical winter day. 16. The overall weather is cold. In fact, it is so cold it is snowing. The temperature is below freezing. 17. The winter season has the greatest amount of cold weather. 18. Even if you live in a relatively warm climate, winter is still noticeably colder than summer. 19. People living in many northern places and mountainous areas often receive lots of snow during the winter season. 20. You may have noticed that during winter the days tend to be shorter than the nights. 21. The sun rises late and sets early. Often it is dark before people even eat dinner. 22. Let s take a look at some of the ways plants and animals live in winter. 23. Graphic Transition Plants and Animals in Winter 24. In many places, leaves drop off the trees in late fall. 25. Frosts often stop the growth of soft-stemmed plants for the season. Many of these plants then enter a state of dormancy during the winter season. 26. Dormancy is a condition in which plants are not growing. They have a low level of activity kind of like sleeping. 27. Some animals that do not migrate go through a similar state of dormancy called hibernation. 28. Hibernation is a sleep-like state where all body activities slow down. Visual Learning Company

7 Video Script 29. By hibernating, animals avoid having to search for food during the cold, snowy months of winter. 30. When the weather warms in spring they come out of hibernation. 31. And, what about animals that don t hibernate? 32. Animals that don t hibernate have adaptations that help them cope with life in winter. 33. An adaptation is a characteristic or behavior that helps a living thing survive. 34. You Decide! Describe the material that covers this squirrel. 35. This squirrel is covered with a thick, hairy coat called fur. 36. Fur is an adaptation that helps many animals stay warm in cold winter weather. 37. Graphic Transition People in Winter 38. If you like to ski, 39. ice skate, 40. or slide downhill then you probably really enjoy winter. 41. Snow and ice enable people to do things outdoors, that they aren t able to do in other seasons. 42. Of course, snow and ice also make winter a challenge. 43. Snow needs to be plowed, 44. or shoveled after a storm. 45. Colder temperatures also mean people need to dress in layers to stay warm and to protect their skin. 46. Buildings also need to be heated by fuels burned in furnaces, 47. woodstoves or fireplaces to help people stay warm. 48. Graphic Transition What Causes Winter? 49. As we have discussed already, winter has the coldest weather of all the seasons. But, what causes this? 50. The answer is in the movement of Earth around the sun. 51. As you know, Earth is kind of like a ball in that it has a general spherical shape. 52. In space, Earth is tilted at an angle on an imaginary line called an axis. 53. As Earth orbits around the sun during the year, its axis is always tilted in the same direction. 54. You Observe! Describe the tilt of Earth s northern hemisphere in relation to the sun. 55. The northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. It is winter. 56. During winter the northern hemisphere receives the least amount of sunlight, and the weather is the coldest. 7 Visual Learning Company

8 Video Script 57. Graphic Transition - Video Review 58. During the past few minutes we have explored many of the interesting features of winter. 59. We began by discussing how the days are short and the overall weather is cold. 60. Then we took a look at how living things survive in winter. 61. We highlighted some of the fun things people do in winter. 62. And, last we saw how the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, causing the winter season. 63. Graphic Transition - Video Quiz Fill in the correct word to complete the sentence. 1. The winter season has the greatest amount of weather. 2. In winter the days are. 3. Most plants are in a state of in winter. 4. is a sleep-like state where animals are sheltered from winter. 5. The northern hemisphere is tilted from the sun in winter. Literature Connections Gibbons, Gail. The Reasons for Seasons. New York: Holiday House, Bancroft, Henrietta. Animals in Winter. New York: Collins, Glaser, Linda. It s Winter!. New York: Millbrook Press, Donovan, Jane Monroe. Winter s Gift. New York: Sleeping Bear Press, Cassino, Mark. The Story of Snow: The Science of Winter s Wonder. New York: Chronicle Books, Visual Learning Company

9 Answer Key to Student Assessments What Do You Know Now? (p. 10) What Have You Learned? (p. 11) 1. colder 2. short 3. dormancy 4. hibernation 5. warm 6. food 7. snow 8. heated 9. dayight 10. away from it 1. hibernation 2. heated 3. warm 4. daylight 5. short 6. away from it 7. colder 8. food 9. snow 10. dormancy Video Review (p. 12) 1. The overall weather is cold. In fact, it is so cold it is snowing. The temperature is below freezing. 2. This squirrel is covered with a thick, hairy coat called fur. 3. The northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. It is winter. Video Quiz (p. 12) 1. cold 2. short 3. dormancy 4. hibernation 5. away Answer Key to Student Activities Word Find (p. 13) Reasons for the Seasons (p. 15) 1. Summer: warm weather, long days, plants grow a lot 2. Fall: cooler weather, shorter days, leaves change colors 3. Winter: short days, cold weather, some animals hibernate 4. Spring: days grow longer, weather begins to warm, plants start to grow and flowers bloom What Should I Wear Today? (p. 14) 9 Visual Learning Company

10 What Do You Know Now? Fill in the bubble next to the correct answer. Compared to summer the overall temperature in winter is: hotter warmer colder wetter During winter the days are: short long endless hot Many plants do not grow in winter and enter a state of: death dormancy growth sleep Many animals such as bears and frogs, enter a sleep-like state in winter called: hibernation rejuvination estivation exhaustion Fur is an adaptation that helps animals stay: cold wet moist warm Name: What do many animals have a hard time finding in winter? cold weather air food oxygen In some places in winter it is common for precipitation to come in the form of: snow clouds sun wind To stay warm in winter, buildings often need to be: cooled heated condensed chilled In winter, the northern hemisphere receives less: dawn sunset shower daylight How is Earth s northern hemisphere tilted in relation to the sun in winter? toward it away from it even horizontal Visual Learning Company Winter 10

11 What Have You Learned? Fill in the bubble next to the correct answer. Many animals such as bears and frogs, enter a sleep-like state in winter called: hibernation rejuvination estivation exhaustion To stay warm in winter, buildings often need to be: cooled heated condensed chilled Fur is an adaptation that helps animals stay: cold wet moist warm In winter, the northern hemisphere receives less: dawn sunset shower daylight During winter the days are: short long endless hot Name: How is Earth s northern hemisphere tilted in relation to the sun in winter? toward it away from it even horizontal Compared to summer, the overall temperature in winter is: hotter warmer colder wetter What do many animals have a hard time finding in winter? cold weather air food oxygen In some places in winter it is common for precipitation to come in the form of: snow clouds sun wind Many plants do not grow in winter and enter a state of: death dormancy growth sleep Visual Learning Company Winter 11

12 1. Video Review While you watch the video, answer these questions: You Observe! Name: Describe the weather on this typical winter day. 2. You Decide! Describe the material that covers this squirrel. 3. You Observe! Describe the tilt of Earth s northern hemisphere in relation to the sun Video Quiz After you watch the video, test your knowledge with these questions: The winter season has the greatest amount of weather. The winter days are. Most plants are in a state of in winter. is a sleep-like state where animals are sheltered from winter. The northern hemisphere is tilted from the sun in winter. Visual Learning Company Winter 12

13 Crossword Name: Using the clues at the bottom of the page, complete the crossword using the following words: ADAPTATION COLD DORMANT HIBERNATE ICE SEASON SHOVEL SNOW WEATHER WINTER DOWN 1. Describes the state plants enter during the winter months. 2. A low temperature in the atmosphere. 3. A form of precipitation during the winter months. 4. A process animals go through to find a safe place to sleep during winter. 5. The coldest of the four seasons. 6. One of four periods of the year; includes winter, spring, summer and fall. ACROSS 3. A tool used to remove snow from surfaces. 7. The frozen form of water. 8. A characteristic or a behavior that helps a plant or animal survive. 9. Describes the condition of the lower atmosphere. Visual Learning Company Winter 13

14 What Should I Wear Today? You live in Boston, MA and the weather forecast is as shown to the right. Choose the appropriate pieces of clothing for today s weather. Draw a line from the correct piece of clothing to the person. Name: Boston, MA January 8th High 36º F 2º C Snowy Visual Learning Company Winter 14

15 Reasons for the Seasons 4. Name: Below is a simple diagram (not drawn to scale) that shows Earth at four different locations during the course of a year as it revolves around the sun. Each position of Earth corresponds to a different season in North America. On the space provided label each position with the corresponding season In the space provided below list three characteristics of each season. Winter: Spring: Summer: Fall: Visual Learning Company Winter 15