Contents Our Experience of the Sky and Star Knowledge A World of Constellations in the Night Sky

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1 Contents 1 Our Experience of the Sky and Star Knowledge... 1 The Human Experience of the Sky Beginnings... 4 Moon... 5 Mercury Venus Sun SunLore Mars Jupiter Saturn TheStars A World of Constellations in the Night Sky A Tour of Constellations North and South ArcticSkies and the Northern Circumpolar Stars Ursa Major or The Big Dipper Northern Circumpolar Sky from Around the World European Circumpolar Constellations TheCircumpolarSkyfromAncientChina Northern Circumpolar Sky from Around the World TheArcticInuitSky The Equatorial Sky Equatorial Sky from Around the World Equatorial Constellations from the European Tradition The Equatorial Sky from Around the World The Hawaiian and Polynesian Sky Equatorial Sky from Around the World TheNavajoSky TheChumashSky The Southern Sky The Southern Sky from Around the World TheAboriginalAustralianSky The Southern Sky from Around the World The Incan Andean Sky vii

2 viii Contents 3 Creation Stories from Around the World European Creation Stories MythicGreekCreationandCosmology NorseCreationandCosmology Celtic Stories EgyptianCreationStories Mesopotamian Creation Stories AustralianCreationStories CreationStoriesfromtheAmericas Mayan Creation AztecCreation Hopi and Pueblo Creation ChumashCreation InuitCreation FurtherNativeAmericanCreationTales World Systems: Models of the Universe Throughout Time CosmologyoftheEgyptians Babylonian Cosmology GreekCosmology Thales and the Milesian School Heraclitus Xenophanes Empedocles Pythagoras TheCosmologiesofPlato,Aristotle,andPtolemy Aristotle Ptolemy NorseCosmology ChineseCosmology Kai Thien ( Heavenly Canopy ) Cosmology Hun Thien ( Hen s Egg ) Cosmology Hsuan Yeh ( Empty Space ) Cosmology Mayan Cosmology TheQuicheClassicalMayaCosmology Incan Cosmology NativeAmericanCosmology Hopi and Pueblo Cosmology NavajoCosmology ChumashNativeAmericanCosmology InuitCosmology AfricanCosmologies Dogon Cosmology Stars That Bind: Civilization, Calendars, and the Sky Lunar Calendars and Timekeeping Neolithic Calendars Solar/Lunar Calendars The Babylonian Calendar

3 Contents ix Egyptian Timekeeping The Ancient Hebrew Calendar The Islamic Calendar The Hawaiian Calendar The Zuni Calendar Native American and Tribal Seasonal Calendars Development of the Greek Calendar Roman Timekeeping Sidereal Lunar and Planetary Calendars The Incan Sidereal Year Hindu Naksatras and Lunar calendars The Chinese Calendar and Zodiac The Long Run: Cosmic Celestial Timekeeping of the Eons Mayan Calendars and the Cycles of the Universe TheKin TheTzolkin TheHaab TheKatunandBaktun Hindu Calendars and the Mahayugas Modern Timekeeping and the Development of the Science of Time Shadow Clocks and Sundials The Earliest 24-h Clocks The Clepsydra The Antikythera Mechanism Mechanical Clocks from Europe Pendulum Clocks Clocks for Navigation The Modern Science of Time Electronic and Atomic Clocks SolarTimeorAtomicTime? Leap Seconds Calendar Reform Metric Time and the World Calendar The French Revolutionary Calendar The World Calendar Celestial Architecture: Monuments of the Sky Megalithic Alignments Stonehenge Callanish Newgrange Native American Alignments and Monuments The Anasazi, Hopi, and Pueblo Kiva The Navajo Hogan and Pawnee Lodge Solstice Viewing: Shadow and Light in California Mounds and Stone Circles in Native American Architecture Cahokia Mounds Chaco Canyon Lunar and Solar Alignments Celestial Cities from Ancient Civilizations and Their Alignments Ziggurats in Mesopotamia

4 x Contents EgyptianPyramids The Kaaba in Mecca Teotihuacan Mayan Celestial Cities Aztec City of Tenochtitlan and Its Temple Alignment The Forbidden City of China AngkorWat Temples and the Embodiment of Cosmic Order The Pantheon of Rome The Parthenon of Athens Cologne Cathedral TheLimitsofAlignment Linear Geometry in Britain StarMapsfromthePyramids TheOrionMystery The Nazca Lines The Archaeoastronomy of Modern Civilization The Archaeoastronomy of Modern Cities The Astronomy of Skyscrapers Alignments of Modern Cities Celestial Structures of Today s Civilization James Turrell Skyspace and the Rodin Crater Project Carhenge Modern Stonehenges Modern Sundials The Survival of Ancient Beliefs in Modern Times ABriefHistoryofWesternAstrology IndianAstrology ChineseAstrology Why Do People Believe Astrology in the Twenty-First Century? The Development of Modern Cosmology ScientificCosmology TheHistoryofScientificCosmology Nicholas Copernicus Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei IsaacNewton TheDawnofAstrophysics William Herschel Astronomical Spectroscopy George Ellery Hale and the Modern Observatory Edwin Hubble and the Expanding Universe A Census of the Modern Universe Stars StarClusters Normal Galaxies

5 Contents xi Irregular and Active galaxies ClustersofGalaxies AVeryBriefHistoryofTime BigBangtothePresent Concluding Thoughts Supplementary Contents Bibliography Index of Figures Index of Tables Index

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