Successful Use of Apogee and ReTain in Apple

Transcription

1 Successful Use of Apogee and ReTain in Apple Philip Schwallier District Horticulture Agent Clarksville Horticultural Experiment Station

2 Apogee Prohexadione-calcium Inhibits production of gibberellic acid (GA). Locally systemic. Apply early (King Bloom Petal Fall) Not compatible with hard water, Ca, B. Better spray coverage Fewer insect/disease problems

3 Apogee Effect Effects on shoot growth Pruning Return Bloom Suppresses Fireblight Tree Productivity & Survival Other considerations Red Color Improvement??? Thinning

4 Apogee Rates & Timing Full Seasonal Rate 12 oz/ oz/acre 250 ppm Must have buffer Must include surfactant Equal amounts of AMS Silwet or Sylgard 1 st Application: King Bloom Petal Fall Not compatible with hard water, Ca, B.

5 Apogee Trial Shoot Growth Northern States Control Full Bloom 5 June July Philip Schwallier

6 McIntosh Apogee Trial, CHES UTC Mostly over in 30 days Trial 14

7 NW Mich. Apogee Trial 2008 Nikki Rothwell

8 NW Mich. Apogee Trial 2008 b a b a b a 50% 20% 50% Nikki Rothwell

9 Apogee Apogee Trial

10 Apogee Apogee Trial

11 Apogee UTC Apogee Trial 11 Philip Schwallier

12 Apogee Trial Shoot Growth Apogee Typical Growth Control 40% Control Full Bloom 12 June July Philip Schwallier

13 NW Mich. Apogee Trial 2008 b a b a b a 50% 20% 50% Nikki Rothwell

14 Apogee When to put on the 1 st Application? Start at KBPF

15 Apogee Trial 1 to 3 growth 15 Philip Schwallier

16 Apogee

17 Apogee Seasonal Rate 48 oz/acre is full rate. Start by reducing to 2/3 rate = 32 oz/acre Reduce to TRV Example 67% TRV = 21 oz/acre Need to find your own rate. Year after year use reduce rates.

18 Apogee Split Applications 1 Application Seasonal Rate 21 oz *Optional 1st 2nd 3rd 4th KBPF May 10 May 24 Jun 14 Jul 5

19 Apogee Rates & Timing oz/acre Tree Size 1 st 2 nd 3 rd *Optional 4 th Seasonal Total Small <200 TRV * 17 oz Medium <200 to 300 TRV * 21 oz Large >300 TRV * 25 oz Timing King Bloom PF 2 weeks after KB PF 2 weeks later 2-3 weeks later

20 Apogee Split Applications 1 Application Seasonal Rate 21 oz st 2nd 3rd 4th KBPF May 10 May 24 Jun 14 Jul 5

21 Gala Apogee Trial, CHES Apogee Multiple sprays Apogee 1 spray 35% 21 oz/acre July 21 Trial 14

22 Apogee Trial Regrowth Fuji 22 Philip Schwallier

23 Apogee Rates & Timing oz/acre Tree Size 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th *Optional Medium Seasonal Total <200 to 300 TRV * 21 oz Timing Medium King Bloom PF 2 weeks after KB PF 2 weeks later 3 weeks later <200 to 300 TRV oz Timing King Bloom PF 3 weeks later

24 Apogee Apogee increases fruitset but not consistently Because of higher cropload, fruit size may be smaller Increase thinning. Cropload vs rate needed

25 Super Spindle

26 Super Spindle

27 Apogee Super Spindle 2004 Percent Fruit Set / Cluster a a b a a a Trial Apogee

28 Apogee Super Spindle Fruit # s a a a a a b a a a a a a b a a a a a b a b a a a Trial Apogee

29 Apogee Nit vs rate needed Vigor vs rate needed Vigor or low cropload or high N will need additional Apogee Effect on Red Color Inconsistent, no effect.

30 Apogee Trial Philip Schwallier Rasch, Tom

31 Apogee Honeycrisp Trial 2003 Harvest UTC 31

32 Apogee Conclusions Fireblight Suppression Will suppress FB canker growth and FB infections on shoots Key factor is apply early and high rates (get the shoots under control early)

33 Fireblight Shoot Blight

34 Exp 25 Super Spindle 2007 Fire Blight Tree Death Apogee UTC Apogee Evaluation Report 2007.ppt 34

35 Exp 25 Super Spindle 2007 Fire Blight Tree Death Apogee UTC Apogee Evaluation Report 2007.ppt 35

36 Fireblight & Apogee Trial 2008 Canker Growth b a b a a a b a b Philip Schwallier

37 Super Spindle 2004 Cortland With Fireblight

38 Exp 25 Fire Blight Strikes Super Spindle Apogee Evaluation Report 2007.ppt 38

39 Apogee & Fireblight 1st 2nd st 2nd 3rd *Optional 4th KBPF May 10 May 24 Jun 14 Jul 5 3 weeks to measure effect

40 Apogee and Return Bloom 40

41 Apogee Super Spindle 2003 Return Bloom b a a a a a 41 Trial Philip Apogee Schwallier

42 Apogee Trial Cortland Apogee UTC 42

43 Apogee Trial Apogee UTC 43 Philip Schwallier

44 Gingergold Growth Habit Apogee Trial Apogee UTC

45 Apogee Trial 2000 Gingergold

46 Apogee Super Spindle Pruning Cuts a b a b a b Trial Apogee

47 Apogee Fruit Nutrition

48 2002 Gala Apogee Trial Fruit Calcium c b a a Trial Apogee

49 Honeycrisp Calcium Trial 2005 Bitterpit a c b 49

50 Orchard Factors to Adjust Program Factors Heavy Pruning (Vigor) Nitrogen Fertilizer Low Cropload Recommended Apogee Rate Change Add 1 oz/acre/spray Move Apogee Season Program to the Next Higher Level Questionable Coverage Fireblight Concerns Varieties See Variety Guide

51 Variety Consideration Sensitivity to Apogee Very Sensitive Sensitive Less Sensitive Special Variety Gingergold, Gala, Cortland, Rome, Paulared Golden Delicious, Fuji, Spartan, N. Spy, Jonamac Jonathan, Idared, McIntosh, Empire*, Golden Supreme, Jonagold Red Delicious, Spur Mac Recommendation Consider reducing rates of later sprays (spray 3 and 4). Consider using additional 1 oz/acre/spray. Spur type, Use for medium size trees. * Not recommended on Empire, Stayman.

52 Apogee Trial 2000

53 Apogee Conclusions Reduces shoot growth Significantly reduces pruning Suppresses FB. Apogee increases return bloom and fruit set (some varieties). Varieties differences Some fruit Ca benefits Increase thinning

54 Timing Apogee Applications 1st Full Seasonal Application 1st 2nd Split Application Optional 1st 2nd 3rd 4th KBPF *May 10 *May 24 *Jun 7 *Jun 21 *These dates are typical timing dates for the Grand Rapids, Michigan area. 54

55 ReTain Delays harvest Stops Drop Improves Shelf Life Philip Schwallier

56 ReTain Maturity and Harvest Management Impact on Fruit Size Impact on Color Reduces Watercore, Greasiness, Cracking May Increase Fruit Size? Gala, Jonagold, Very Sensitive Honeycrisp, Moderately Sensitive

57 ReTain Apply 4 weeks before anticipated harvest. Gala delayed 14 to 21 days Jonagold delayed 10 to14 days Honeycrisp delayed 7 to 10 days Most other varieties delayed 7 days

58 Gala UTC 1 st Week,September Gala, 50 g ReTain 1 st Week,September

59 Gala 50 g ReTain 3rd Week,September

60 ReTain Harvest Normal Harvest ReTain Treated

61 ReTain Harvest Normal Harvest ReTain Treated Aligned Harvest Dates

62 Philip Schwallier Jonagold ReTain Trials % Red Color

63 Philip Schwallier Jonagold ReTain Trials Starch Index

64 Philip Schwallier Jonagold ReTain Trials Firmness

65 Philip Schwallier Jonagold ReTain Trials Internal Ethylene

66 Philip Schwallier Jonagold ReTain Trials Fruit Weight

67 Gala ReTain Trial Average Fruit Weight

68 ReTain Stops Drop

69 Retain Reduces Cracks 69 Reduces Greasiness Reduces Watercore

70 Honeycrisp Trial CHES Sound Fruit Philip Schwallier

71 ReTain Harvest Normal Harvest 4 WBH 1/3 Rate 1/2 Rate Full Rate ReTain

72 Red Del Example Normal Harvest Treat 1/3 with Full Rate Treat 1/3 with Half Rate 1/2 Rate Full Rate ReTain

73 ReTain Harvest management tool Quality improvement Philip Schwallier

74 ReTain Delays harvest Stops Drop Reduces Watercore, Greasiness, Cracks Improves Shelf Life May Increase Fruit Size?? Color Development?? Gala, Jonagold, Very Sensitive Honeycrisp, Moderately Sensitive Philip Schwallier

75 Thanks to: CHES staff Michigan Apple Research Committee Michigan State Horticulture Society Valent BioSciences AmVac BASF Grower Cooperators