HALTON ARP A MODERN DAY GALILEO

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Francis McBride
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1 HALTON ARP A MODERN DAY GALILEO

Fred Hoyle 1915-2001 1974 complained about Nobel Prize going in part to Antony Hewish, instead of to Jocelyn Bell; so in 1983 Hoyle was denied

2 Fred Hoyle complained about Nobel Prize going in part to Antony Hewish, instead of to Jocelyn Bell; so in 1983 Hoyle was denied the Nobel even though he did a very part of the work for which the prize was granted. Also, for his steady state universe. Backer of Halton Arp

Viktor Hambartsumyan (Ambartsumian) 1908-1996 1958 conclusions similar to those of Halton Arp; Active

"There can be no more than two or three astronomers in this century who can look back on a life so

3 Viktor Hambartsumyan (Ambartsumian) conclusions similar to those of Halton Arp; Active nuclear galaxies In 1989 Chandrasekhar, an astronomer who won the Nobel prize in physics, wrote: "There can be no more than two or three astronomers in this century who can look back on a life so worthily devoted to the progress of astronomy (as Ambartsumian). (Astrophysics, Vol 29, No.1, p 408, 1989)."

Margaret Burbidge b. 1919 Ph.D. in 1943 at 23.

4 Margaret Burbidge b Ph.D. in 1943 at 23. Director, Royal Greenwich Observatory President, American Astronomical Society President, AAAS Major contributions in astronomy

6 Spectroscope A Prism; Doppler Effect with Light Hubble 52 galaxies; Smaller and Fainter

8 EDWIN HUBBLE S WARNING HUBBLE ALWAYS CAUTIONED THAT THE REDSHIFT-VELOCITY RELATION WAS AN ASSUMPTION --- TO BE PROVED

9 Hubble said: "The disturbing features are all introduced by the recession factor, by the assumption that red-shifts are velocity-shifts. "On the other hand, if the recession factor is dropped, if red-shifts are not primarily velocityshifts, the picture is simple and plausible. There is no evidence of expansion and no restriction of the time-scale, no trace of spacial curvature and no limitations of spacial dimensions." (p. 66)

11 NGC 4319 z =.0045 Distance from us: 63 million lightyears Mark 205 z =.070 Distance from us: 3.2 billion lightyears

12 Redshifts: Mark 205 z = billion light-years z = billion light-years z = billion light-years

13 Quasar connected to disturbed galaxy Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

14 NGC7603 with different redshifts in arms

15 Summary of 40 years of observations of groups purely empirical evolution. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

17 M87 M49 QSO 3C273 Brightest QSO 3C273 connected to bright galaxies M49 and M87 in our own Virgo Supercluster (in X-ray)

galaxy to brightest known radio source-quasars.

18 Gamma Ray emission from Local Supercluster, with 3C279 included Highest energy gamma rays connecting central galaxy to brightest known radio source-quasars. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

19 3C273 z =.158 (2b LY); 3C279 z.538 (6.8b LY) in gamma rays

20 M87 Redshift distance: 60 million light-years QuickTime and a GIF decompressor ar e needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. 3C273 Redshift distance: 2 billion light-years

29 QuickTime and a Photo - JPEG decompressor ar e needed to see this picture.

At the base of the trail of X-ray sources a group of z=.

30 X-ray map of quasars across Ultra Luminous Galaxy X-ray quasars with almost identical spectra exactly aligned across the dust shrouded nucleus of the ULIRG, Arp220. At the base of the trail of X-ray sources a group of z=.09 galaxies are connected by X-ray and radio material to the disturbed, infrared luminous galaxy. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

31 A B

32 X-ray source ejected from Seyfert Galaxy M106 Sources identified as quasars with z=. 40 and z=.65 by Margaret Burbidge. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

34 Galaxy ejecting radio lobes Cygnus A Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

35 Ejected quasars evolve into galaxies Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

36 (AND WHY THEY DON T WORK) 1) Light from distant galaxies is redshifted ARP: redshift is not a measure of distance 2) A sea of thermal radiation fills space GUILLAUME (1896), HOYLE, ALFVEN: predicted cosmic microwave background radiation earlier for steady-state and plasma universe 3) High levels of Helium and Deuterium LERNER, HOYLE: plasma and steady-state explain this and more 4) Galaxies seen long ago appear younger ARP: high redshift objects are young, but not far away 5) The curvature of space-time is related to the material content of the universe ARP, HUBBLE: curved space-time is a distortion introduced by the recession factor

37 THE TEMPERATURE OF SPACE by Charles Edouard Guillaume La Nature, 1896 è We conclude from this that the radiation of the stars alone would maintain the temperature of 338/60 = 5.6 abs or -267 centigrade

38 (AND WHY THEY DON T WORK) 1) Light from distant galaxies is redshifted ARP: redshift is not a measure of distance 2) A sea of thermal radiation fills space HOYLE, GUILLAUME, ALFVEN, EDDINGTON, : predicted earlier for steady-state and plasma universe 3) High levels of Helium and Deuterium LERNER, HOYLE: steady-state expects same: plasma cosmology explains the same and more. 4) Galaxies seen long ago appear younger ARP: high redshift objects are young, but not far away 5) The curvature of space-time is related to the material content of the universe ARP, HUBBLE: curved space-time is a distortion introduced by the recession factor

39 Einstein Field Equations Friedmann (1922) Narlikar (1977) Special solution General solution m = constant m = m(t) Expanding Coordinates (Space Curvature) Singularities at Non expanding Universe (Euclidean Space) Creation points at m = m = 0 τ = 0 0 z = z(t) Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Amsterdam, may 24th 2005

40 Recap & Summary

41 QuickTime and a Photo - JPEG decompressor ar e needed to see this picture.

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 9 Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 18:50