an introduction What is it? Where do the lectures fit in?

Transcription

1 AstroParticle Physics an introduction What is it? Where do the lectures fit in?

2 What is AstroParticle Physics? covers a wide range of research at the intersection of particle physics : dark matter and supersymmetry, y, Astrophysics : modelling of Active Galactic Nuclei as sources of high energy cosmic rays, Cosmology : dark matter and evolution of Universe, Young discipline in full expansion research in Belgium started around 2000 cosmology Particle physics astrophysics introduction astro-particle physics

3 1. What is universe made of? What is Dark Matter? 2. Do protons have a finiteit lifetime? 3. What are properties of neutrinos? What is their role in the cosmic evolution? 4. What do neutrinos tell us about the interior of the Sun and the Earth, and about SuperNova explosions? 5. What is origin of Cosmic Rays? What is the view of the sky at extreme energies? 6. What will gravitational waves tell about violent cosmic processes and about the nature of gravity? introduction astro-particle physics

4 Main questions discussed in this course 1. What is universe made of? What is Dark Matter? (C. De Clercq) 5. What is origin of Cosmic Rays? What is the view of the sky at extreme energies? (D. Ryckbosch) introduction astro-particle physics

5 IceCube: neutrino ti astronomy at the South Pole

6 More information: icecube.wisc.edu Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 6

7 IceCube neutrino observatory main experimental activity in astroparticle physics in Belgium: VUB, UGent, ULB, UMons Detector is located deep in ice at South Pole Largest neutrino detector currently in operation: one km3 ice equipped with ~5000 photo multipliers Main mission is neutrino astronomy in energy range 10 TeV 10 6 TeV introduction astro-particle physics

8 IceCube Mission search for extra-terrestrial neutrinos From natural accelerators where High Energy Cosmic Rays originate Such as Active Galactic Nuclei - AGN Gamma Ray Bursts - GRB Cosmic ray air showers with IceTop + Many other topics E 2.7 E 3.0 Extra-galactic 1 particle/km2 per year Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 8

9 γ,ν ν,.. Model for AGN jets jet expect dn de ν e + γ γ ' p + γ π π π 0 γ + γ + 0,,... E 2 ν π + e + + ν e + ν μ + ν μ Accretion disk Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 9

10 Neutrino detection Relativistic muon Cherenkov light cone Record Cherenkov light pattern ReconstructR t t muon track Assume muon track aligned to neutrino path ( ) θνμ, 30 i 1TeV 1 1 E GeV ( ) IceCube Light sensors ν μ + N μ + X Muon track Charge Current interaction neutrino Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 10

11 Amundsen Scott South Pole Station IceCube observatory 1km At km depth Station Skiway Control room

12 Amundsen Scott South Pole Station IceCube observatory 1km At km depth Station Skiway Control room

13 5160 Digital Optical Modules Photo Multipliers in pressure sphere Record arrival time and pulse height Oriented downwards Catherine De Clercq IceCube results p 13

14 Research in Brussels and Gent Astronomischebron AGN p gamma?? neutrino IceCube IceCube? proton Brussels Gent High energy neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts Neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Milky way Supernova neutrinos IceTop: Atmospheric air showers from primary cosmic rays Tau neutrinos introduction astro-particle physics

15 An example of synergy between particle physics at colliders and astroparticle physics IDENTIFICATION OF THE DARK MATTER introduction astro-particle physics

16 Gravitational evidence for missing mass dark Neutrino luminous baryonic HDM 1% 4% <1% cold dark matter 18% dark energy 76% Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 16

17 The answer has to come from particle physics dark Neutrino luminous baryonic HDM 1% 4% <1% cold dark matter 18% dark energy 76% <1% Generally believed that CDM are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles WIMPs Not in table of Standard Model of Particle Physics To be found in theories of physics beyond the standard model Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 17

18 Three paths to dicsovery Direct detection: Interaction of DM particle from Milky Way halo in detector on earth Indirect signals from DM annihilation in Milky Way: observe gamma rays, antiparticles, neutrinos Production at accelerators, eg LHC at CERN introduction astro-particle physics

19 Indirect detection darkd k matter particles are attracted t by heavy objects through gravitation They are massive, stable and weakly interacting ti WIMPs They can annihilate with each other and produce known particles Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 19

20 complementarities Direct searches Indirect neutrino search Tevatron and LHC monophoton Catherine De Clercq IceCube results 20

21 The early universe chapters 5 to 8 Particle Astrophysics, D. Perkins, 2 nd edition, Oxford 5. The expanding universe 6. Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis 7. Dark matter and dark energy components 8. Development of structure in early universe excercises Slides + book

22 Planning introduction astro-particle physics