Shortwave Radiative Transfer in the Earth s Atmosphere: Current Models and Validation
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1 Shortwave Radiative Transfer in the Earth s Atmosphere: Current Models and Validation Jennifer Delamere, Eli Mlawer, and Tony Clough Atmospheric & Environmental Research, Inc.
2 Summary AER builds radiative transfer models suitable for Earth s atmosphere Longwave and shortwave Validated against high-resolution radiance/irradiance measurements RT models require: Solar spectral irradiance Complete spectral range Sufficient spectral resolution Consensus data from solar community would ultimately be transferred into global climate and numerical weather prediction models Line-by-Line RT Calculations LBLRTM/CHARTS Rapid RT Calculations RRTM Inclusion into GCMs/NWPs
3 AER Products & Services Community Radiative Transfer Models Community Databases Spectral line parameters (input) Solar source function (input) Reference RT Cases (output) Web-sites
4 Radiative Transfer: Line-by-Line Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) Calculations valid from ultra-violet to sub-millimeter spectral regions Multiple-scattering option available (CHARTS) Validated extensively against high-resolution measurements MLS Profile TOA: SFC:
5 Required Parameters for SW RT Spectral line and continuum parameters MT_CKD Continuum Model HITRAN database (38 molecules) Surface Absorption Coefficient (cm -1 )
6 Required Parameters for SW RT Solar Spectral Irradiance Kurucz (1992) provided desired resolution and spectral range for RT calculations Formulation based on Kitt Peak Solar Flux Atlas and solar RT calculations
7 Required Parameters for SW RT Solar Spectral Irradiance Kurucz (1992) Other Options (Gueymard, Thullier, etc.) Figure provided by J. Michalsky
8 Radiative Transfer: GCM-suitable RRTM Longwave & Shortwave Correlated-k Models Accelerates calculations of fluxes Uses small set of absorption coefficients to represent absorption coefficients at all frequencies in the spectral band Achieves accuracy comparable to line-by-line method MLS Profile SFC: SFC: SFC: -0.8
9 Users of RRTM Models Global GCMs 1. ECMWF forecast model (using LW and testing SW) 2. NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) (using LW and testing SW) 3. Max Planck Institute climate model (ECHAM5) (using LW) 4. NCAR atmosphere model (CAM3) (using LW and SW at AER) 5. GFDL climate model (testing LW and SW) Mesoscale/Regional Models 1. Penn State/NCAR (MM5) (using LW) 2. NCAR Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) (using LW in NCAR/EM) 3. UC/CIRES Arctic regional climate model (ARCSyM) (using LW) Dept. of Energy ARM Program 1. Various Single Column Models (Scripps, LLNL, etc.) (using LW) 2. BBHRP (using LW and SW ) 3. McICA (implemented in LW and SW) NPOESS (algorithm component; clear sky only) 1. AER/NGST VIIRS net heat flux and ocean albedo (using LW and SW )
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13 Radiative Closure Experiments Specification of Atmospheric Properties Radiative Transfer Model Flux/Radiance Measurements COMPARE
14 Longwave Example
15 RSS Validation Ground-based Rotating Shadowband Spectroradiometer (SUNY Albany) (Harrison et al., 1999) Deployed at ARM Southern Great Plains site from 1996 onward Spectrally resolved direct-normal, diffuse-horizontal, and total-horizontal irradiances ,900 cm -1 ( µm) 512 channels (instrument now has 1024 channels) Spectral resolution from 91 cm -1 (IR) to 65 cm -1 (UV) Model-measurement intercomparison provided means to look at clear-sky anomalous absorption issue
16 Solar Irradiance in RSS Validations Extraterrestrial irradiances implied from RSS langley regressions do not agree in all spectral regions with the Kurucz solar irradiances (Harrison et al., 1999) Approach: RSS irradiances adjusted to Kurucz solar irradiances Implication: Measurement-model comparisons are effectively between measured and calculated transmittances
17 RSS Radiative Closure Model LBLRTM/CHARTS calculations (Mlawer et al., 2000) include: - Atmospheric thermodynamic profile specified by observations - Spectrally dependent surface albedo derived from measurements - Aerosols - Instrument cosine response Direct Diffuse October 2, 11:32 AM
18 High-Resolution ASTI Validation Absolute Solar Transmittance Interferometer (U. Denver) Measures solar radiance from ,000 cm -1 (1-5 µm) with 0.6 cm -1 resolution Field of View: central 16% of the solar disk Deployed at the Southern Great Plains ARM site Opportunity to look in detail at processes in the near-infrared Validation resulted in parameterization of collision-induced O 2 continuum for RT models
19 High-Resolution ASTI Validation
20 BBHRP at ARM SGP Site Radiative Closure Studies for: broadband shortwave cloudy skies grid cell TOA all ARM sites Generate heating rate profiles based on in-situ measurements using validated radiative transfer model (for use by modelers) Generate dataset of measured and modeled radiation for all ARM sites Provide a test suite for researchers evaluating new parameterizations and data sources Percentage of cases Diffuse Irradiance Residual (W/m )
21 BBHRP Project Retrieved Cloud Microphysics Satellite TOA Measurement 10-km Low Radar Sensitivity Base Top Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) Modeled TOA Fluxes 2-km Radar Echo Emission Modeled Surface Broadband Fluxes Broadband Radiometers Laser Cloud Radar Microwave Radiometer
22 Wrap-Up Consensus data from solar community would ultimately be transferred into global climate and numerical weather prediction models AER hosts a web-site with models and their associated inputs and reference output cases Opportunity for future high-resolution radiometric measurements in Chile (proposed RHUBC-II experiment) Line-by-Line RT Calculations LBLRTM/CHARTS Rapid RT Calculations RRTM Inclusion into GCMs/NWPs
23 RRTM_LW Band Data Band Starting (cm-1) Ending (cm-1) mb mb Halocarbons H 2 O,N 2 H 2 O, N 2 * H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O,CO 2,N 2 O* H 2 O,CO 2,N 2 O* H 2 O,CO 2 CO 2,O H 2 O,CO 2,O3* CO 2,O3 CCl H 2 O,CO 2 * - CFC-11,CFC H 2 O,O 3,CO 2 * O 3,CO H 2 O,O 3 *,CO 2 *,N 2 O* O 3,CO 2 *, N 2 O* CFC-12,CFC H 2 O,CH 4,N 2 O* CH 4,N 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O,O 2 * H 2 O,O 2 * H 2 O,CO H 2 O,N 2 O,CO 2 *,CO* O 3 * CO 2 CO N 2 O,CO 2, H 2 O*,N 2 * H 2 O,CH 4 CH 4 * Included as Minor Species
24 RRTM_SW Band Data Band # Starting (cm-1) Ending (cm-1) mb mb H 2 O,CH 4 CH H 2 O,CO 2 H 2 O,CO H 2 O,CH 4 CH H 2 O,CO 2 CO H 2 O,CH 4 * H 2 O,CH 4 * H 2 O,CO 2 H 2 O,CO H 2 O,O 2 O H 2 O H 2 O,O 2,O 3 * O 2,O 3 * H 2 O,O 3 * O 3 * O 3 O O 3,O 2 O 3,O H 2 O CO 2 * Included as Minor Species
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