Angular Speed and Angular Acceleration Relations between Angular and Linear Quantities
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1 Angular Speed and Angular Acceleration Relations between Angular and Linear Quantities 1. The tires on a new compact car have a diameter of 2.0 ft and are warranted for miles. (a) Determine the angle (in radians) through which one of these tires will rotate during the warranty period. (b) How many revolutions of the tire are equivalent to your answer in (a)? 2. A wheel has a radius of 4.1 m. How far (path length) does a point on the circumference travel if the wheel is rotated through angles of 30, 30 rad, and 30 rev, respectively? 3. Find the angular speed of Earth about the Sun in radians per second and degrees per day. 4. A potter s wheel moves from rest to an angular speed of 0.20 rev/s in 30 s. Find its angular acceleration in radians per second per second. 5. A dentist s drill starts from rest. After 3.20 s of constant angular acceleration, it turns at a rate of rev/min. (a) Find the drill s angular acceleration. (b) Determine the angle (in radians) through which the drill rotates during this period.
2 Centripetal Acceleration 25. An air puck of mass 0.25 kg is tied to a string and allowed to revolve in a circle of radius 1.0 m on a frictionless horizontal table. The other end of the string passes through a hole in the center of the table, and a mass of 1.0 kg is tied to it (Fig. P7.25). The suspended mass remains in equilibrium while the puck on the tabletop revolves. (a) What is the tension in the string? (b) What is the horizontal force acting on the puck? (c) What is the speed of the puck?
3 51. In a popular amusement park ride, a rotating cylinder of radius 3.00 m is set in rotation at an angular speed of 5.00 rad/s, as in Figure P7.51. The floor then drops away, leaving the riders suspended against the wall in a vertical position. What minimum coefficient of friction between a rider s clothing and the wall is needed to keep the rider from slipping? (Hint: Recall that the magnitude of the maximum force of static friction is equal to μn, where n is the normal force in this case, the force causing the centripetal acceleration.)
4 65. Suppose that a kg car passes over a bump in a roadway that follows the arc of a circle of radius 20.4 m, as in the figure. (a) What force does the road exert on the car as the car passes the highest point of the bump if the car travels at 8.94 m/s? (b) What is the maximum speed the car can have without losing contact with the road as it passes this highest point?
5 3. Calculate the net torque (magnitude and direction) on the beam in Figure P8.3 about (a) an axis through O perpendicular to the page and (b) an axis through C perpendicular to the page. Figure P8.3
6 12. Consider the following mass distribution, where x and y coordinates are given in meters: 5.0 kg at (0.0, 0.0) m, 3.0 kg at (0.0, 4.0) m, and 4.0 kg at (3.0, 0.0) m. Where should a fourth object of 8.0 kg be placed so that the center of gravity of the four object arrangement will be at (0.0, 0.0) m?
7 17. A 500 N uniform rectangular sign 4.00 m wide and 3.00 m high is suspended from a horizontal, 6.00 m long, uniform, 100 N rod as indicated in Figure P8.17. The left end of the rod is supported by a hinge, and the right end is supported by a thin cable making a 30.0 angle with the vertical. (a) Find the tension T in the cable. (b) Find the horizontal and vertical components of force exerted on the left end of the rod by the hinge. Figure P8.17
8 24. A 15.0 m, 500 N uniform ladder rests against a frictionless wall, making an angle of 60.0 with the horizontal. (a) Find the horizontal and vertical forces exerted on the base of the ladder by the Earth when an 800 N firefighter is 4.00 m from the bottom. (b) If the ladder is just on the verge of slipping when the firefighter is 9.00 m up, what is the coefficient of static friction between ladder and ground?
9 29. Four objects are held in position at the corners of a rectangle by light rods as shown in Figure P8.29. Find the moment of inertia of the system about (a) the x axis, (b) the y axis, and (c) an axis through O and perpendicular to the page.
10 30. If the system shown in Figure P8.29 is set in rotation about each of the axes mentioned in Problem 29, find the torque that will produce an angular acceleration of 1.50 rad/s 2 in each case.
11 47. The system of small objects shown in Figure P8.47 is rotating at an angular speed of 2.0 rev/s. The objects are connected by light, flexible spokes that can be lengthened or shortened. What is the new angular speed if the spokes are shortened to 0.50 m? (An effect similar to that illustrated in this problem occurred in the early stages of the formation of our galaxy. As the massive cloud of dust and gas that was the source of the stars and planets contracted, an initially small angular speed increased with time.)
12 51. The puck in Figure P8.51 has a mass of kg. Its original distance from the center of rotation is 40.0 cm, and it moves with a speed of 80.0 cm/s. The string is pulled downward 15.0 cm through the hole in the frictionless table. Determine the work done on the puck. [Hint: Consider the change in kinetic energy of the puck.]
13 55. A cylinder with moment of inertia I1 rotates with angular velocity ω0 about a frictionless vertical axle. A second cylinder, with moment of inertia I2, initially not rotating, drops onto the first cylinder (Fig. P8.55). Since the surfaces are rough, the two cylinders eventually reach the same angular speed ω. (a) Calculate ω. (b) Show that kinetic energy is lost in this situation, and calculate the ratio of the final to the initial kinetic energy.
14 36. A 5.00 kg cylindrical reel with a radius of m and a frictionless axle starts from rest and speeds up uniformly as a 3.00 kg bucket falls into a well, making a light rope unwind from the reel (Fig. P8.36). The bucket starts from rest and falls for 4.00 s. (a) What is the linear acceleration of the falling bucket? (b) How far does it drop? (c) What is the angular acceleration of the reel?
15 40. Use conservation of energy to determine the angular speed of the spool shown in Figure P8.36 after the 3.00 kg bucket has fallen 4.00 m, starting from rest. The light string attached to the bucket is wrapped around the spool and does not slip as it unwinds.
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