SCIENCE ALLIANCE. Steven soars in to. Science! 2008 Carole Marsh

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2 SIENE LLINE Steven soars in to Space Mar Jun Jul Science! Jan eb by arole Marsh 8 arole Marsh Permission is hereby granted to the individual purchaser or classroom teacher to reproduce materials in this book for non-commercial individual or classroom use only. Reproduction of these materials for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited. Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations. National Science Teachers ssociation The National School Supply and Equipment ssociation The National ouncil for the Social Studies merican ooksellers ssociation merican Library ssociation International Reading ssociation National ssociation for Gifted hildren Museum Store ssociation ssociation of Partners for Public Lands ssociation of ooksellers for hildren Managing Editor: Sherry Moss ssistant Editor: Michael Kelly Senior Editor: Janice aker over esign: Vicki ejoy ontent esign: Janice enight lthough most of the experiments in this book are regarded as low hazard, author and publisher expressly disclaim all liability for any occurrence, including, but not limited to, damage, injury or death which might arise as consequences of the use of any experiment(s) listed or described here. Therefore, you assume all the liability and use these experiments at your own risk. uthor and publisher recommend that all experiments be performed under adult supervision. 1 arole Marsh/Gallopade International Steven Steven soars soars in in to to Space Space Science!

3 Steven soars in to Space Science! Table of ontents Science lliance Intro Page 4 Word rom the uthor Page 5 Soar in to Space Science! Page 6-7 Here omes the Sun! Page 8 ollowing the Moon Page 9 Seasons in the Sun Page -11 What s a Solar System? Page 12 The Inner Planets Page 13 The Outer Planets Page 14 Is It, or Isn t It? Page 15 Jun Jul un in the Sun Page 16 eb Mar Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star Page 17 Jan hecking Out the Night Sky Page Star rt Page Tools and Equipment Page 21 Someday, I ll Have a ool Job! Page 22 an You ecome an Inventor? Page 23 chievers in Space Page 24 The Scientific Method Page 25 Science air Project Page What id I Learn? Page 28 Join the Science lliance Page 29 Metric onversions Page Glossary Page 31 nswer Key Page 32 3 arole Marsh/Gallopade International Steven soars soars in in to to Space Science!

4 Here omes the Sun! Have you ever watched the sun set? Or rise? You might be surprised to know that the sun doesn t really rise or set. What s moving is the earth spinning and rotating on its axis. Think of the earth s axis as a long, imaginary pole sticking through the earth at the North Pole and coming out again at the South Pole. Portland Sacramento San rancisco Pacific Time Seattle United States Time Zones Spokane Mountain TIme Salt Lake ity enver entral Time Omaha Minneapolis St. Paul hicago etroit Eastern Time leveland Pittsburg incinnati oston New York Philadelphia Washington.. s the earth spins, the side that faces the sun is light daytime and the side away from the sun is dark nighttime. It takes about 24 hours for the earth to rotate one time on its axis. Los ngeles Las Vegas Phoenix Kansas ity Louisville St. Louis Nashville Oklahoma ity Little Rock tlanta allas New Orleans efore people could travel quickly around the world, time was based on the local sunrise and sunset. ut as people began to travel farther distances and more often, this system of telling what time and day it was became confusing. In 1884, time zones were set up around the world. Today, there are 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. The continental United States has four time zones, each one hour apart: Eastern, entral, Mountain, and Pacific. laska and Hawaii each have their own time zones. ay or Night? Try this experiment to learn about night and day! Materials needed: Instructions: one white foam ball two new sharpened pencils one flashlight 1. raw the North and South Poles on the ball. 2. raw North and South merica on the ball and put a dark dot where you live. 3. Push one pencil up though the South Pole and out the North Pole. 4. Leave enough of the pencil sticking out of the South Pole so that you can hold it in your hand and spin it. 5. Set the flashlight on the end of a table and turn it on. Turn off the room lights. 6. With North and South merica facing the light, slowly rotate the ball one time and see how the sun only shines on half of the earth at any given time. 8 arole Marsh/Gallopade International Steven soars in to Space Science!

5 ollowing the Moon Search It Out! Isn t a full moon beautiful? Have you ever wondered why there isn t a full moon every night? Remember that day and night occur when the earth spins on its axis. The moon doesn t spin on its axis, but circles the earth slowly. The light that the moon gives off is not its own. It reflects light from the sun. s the moon slowly circles the earth, the varying amounts of light reflected from the sun make the moon appear to have different shapes. Those shapes are called phases of the moon. full moon occurs when the entire moon is illuminated. When only half of it shines, it s a quarter moon. crescent moon looks like a wedge of cheese. When we can t see the moon because there is no reflected light, it is known as a new moon. The first half of the moon s phases starts with a new moon. The moon grows larger each night until it is a full moon. Then the moon begins decreasing each night until there is no reflection. It s a new moon again! It takes about 15 days for a new moon to become a full moon. ind the following words in the word search below. new moon full moon illuminate quarter reflection axis spin phase S R E L E T I O N N Y U Y P I S V V X U Q H E S U V R P O K J G E S U I W W P Z Y O G T I L U K W X U P M Y J L L R E L E I T I O U N W M L Q Q Y S I X N N X I O R U O N Y R V X S Z Z O R M P X T M L R P P S N R R O I E T I O N I L E T T H N O O M W E N R V P S E K V R O G M U E Q E R P J N E T K Y T X W V S U W R P O E S H P Jan eb Mar Jun Jul 9 arole Marsh/Gallopade International Steven soars in to Space Science!

6 Seasons in the Sun Leaves falling from the trees and flowers bursting out of the ground are signs that the seasons are changing. Seasons change because while the earth is spinning on its axis, it s also revolving around the sun. The earth orbits the sun, just like the moon orbits the earth. It takes 365 days, or one year, for the earth to orbit the sun. on t get dizzy! Spring Winter Summer utumn n Extra ay! January ebruary March pril May arole Marsh/Gallopade International Steven soars in to Space Science! June Jan eb Mar Jun Jul Why do we have leap years? It actually takes a little more than 365 days for the earth to travel around the sun in one year. How much more? bout 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds! So, scientists added one extra day to our calendar every four years to make up for the extra time it takes the earth to travel around the sun. oes he o you know anyone born still get on ebruary 29, Leap Year ay? cake? My brother was born on Have you ever heard of a leap year? Leap Year It occurs every four years. In a leap year, ay in ebruary has one extra day added to the He s, but he s end ebruary 29! So, in a leap year, only had 5 real there are 366 days instead of the usual birthdays! 365 days.