Proceedings of a workshop held in Kona, Hawaii 6-12 October 1996

Transcription

1 ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES Volume 120 LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES: MASSIVE STARS IN TRANSITION Proceedings of a workshop held in Kona, Hawaii 6-12 October 1996 Edited by Antonella Nota and Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers IX

2 xiii Table of contents Preface Conference participants xxi xxiii Part I. DEFINITION OF LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES The Definition of Luminous Blue Variable 3 B. Bohannan Optical Spectral Morphology of LBVs 8 N.R. Walborn UV Spectral Morphology: The LBV - 0pfe/WN9 Connection 13 A. Pasquali Near-Infrared Spectra of LBV, Be and B[e] Stars: Does Axisymmetry Provide a Morphological Link? 20 P.W. Morris, R.H.M. Voors and H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Ph.R.J. Eenens Spectral Variations of LBVs during Outbursts 26 B. Wolf and A. Kaufer Cyclic Light Variations in LBVs 35 C. Sterken, A.M. van Genderen, and M. de Groot Far Infrared ISO Observations of HD R. Blomme, M.C. Runacres, K. Vyverman, M. Cohen, C. Leitherer, and S.P. Owocki ; The Astro/HUT spectra of LBVs in the far-ultraviolet 43 J.E. Herald and R.E. Schulte-Ladbeck, and N.R. Walborn Summary of the General Discussion 46 P.S. Conti Part II. THE STELLAR PARAMETERS Physical Properties of LBVs and related objects 51 P.A. Crowther

3 xiv Mass Loss from LBVs: Observational Constraints 58 C. Leitherer Is the Maximum Phase of LBVs caused by Increased Mass Loss? 66 A. de Koter Combined Stellar Structure and Atmosphere Models for Massive Stars: New Ionizing Fluxes and their Impact on H II Regions 71 D. Schaerer The Atmospheres of LBVs near the Eddington Limit 76 H.J.G.L.M. Lamers The Eddington Limit in Rotating Massive Stars 83 N. Langer Luminous Blue Supergiants in the LMC 90 D.J. Lennon, R.-P. Kudritzki, S.M. Haser, E.L. Fitzpatrick, and N.R. Walborn O/N in the SMC LBV R40 95 K.A. Venn Stellar Parameters from Spectral Monitoring - Spectroscopic Monitoring of AG Car Stahl The ISO-SWS Spectrum of P Cygni 105 F. Najarro, R.-P. Kudritzki, D.J. Hillier, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, R.H.M. Voors, P.W. Morris, and L.B.F.M. Waters Atmospheric Conditions in LBVs: First Results from a High- Resolution Optical Survey 110 Th. Gang, C. Leitherer, B. Wolf, O. Stahl, J. Chapman, J. van Gent, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, and S. Scuderi Six Years of Spectroscopic and Spectropolarimetric Monitoring of AG Car 113 R.E. Schulte-Ladbeck, H.M. Schmid, M.R. Meade, T.J. Harries, O.L. Lupie, and K.S. Bjorkman Summary of the General Discussion 115 W. Schmutz

4 xv Part III. PHYSICS OF OUTBURSTS The Physics of Stellar Winds Near the Eddington Limit 121 S.P. Owocki and K.G. Ga'yley Pulsational Instability and LBV Eruptions 128 W. Glatzel Linear Pulsations of Strange Modes in LBVs 133 A.N. Cox, J.A. Guzik, and M.S. Soukup A Nonlinear Study of LBVs and Possible Outbursts 138 J.A. Guzik, A.N. Cox, K.M. Despain, and M.S. Soukup Radiation Pressure in LBV Winds 143 W. Schmutz On the Fate of Strange - Mode Unstable Stars 150 M. Kiriakidis, S. Chernigovski, K.J. Fricke, and W. Glatzel Eccentric-Orbit Massive Binary Systems: the Effects of Tidal Forces and Line-Profile Variability 152 E. Moreno, L. Georgiev, and G. Koenigsberger LBVs: Structure, Stability and Nucleosynthesis 154 K.J.R. 0degaard Summary of the General Discussion 156 H.J.G.L.M. Lamers Part IV. THE LBV CONNECTION B[e] Stars: What Are They and Why Are They i At This Workshop? \. 161 P.S. Conti Disks around B[e] and LBV Stars 166 J.P. Cassinelli, and R. Ignace New Observational Results on B[e] Supergiants 173 F.-J. Zickgraf Star Formation, He I Stars, and LBVs in the Galactic Center 177 R.D. Blum

5 xvi New Candidate LBVs and B[e] Stars in M R.A.M. Walterbos Evolutionary Links between 0fpe/WN9 Stars and other Luminous Stars in 5 LMC Clusters 187 N. St.-Louis, L. Turbide and A.F.J. Moffat He I Lines in Luminous Galactic B[e] Stars 192 Y. Andrillat, C. Jaschek, Y. Fre'mat, and L. Houziaux Stars with LBV-type Spectrum in M33 and in NGC L. Corral The LBV-candidate in the Quintuplet Cluster (AFGL2004) near the Galactic Center 196 D.F. Figer, F. Najarro, I.S. McLean, M. Morris, and Th.R. Geballe A Stellar Magnetic Diagnostic based on the Hanle Effect in Polarized Line Profiles 198 R. Ignace, J.P. Cassinelli, and K.H. Nordsieck Wind bow shocks and HMXBs 200 L. Kaper Peculiar Early-Type Supergiants and LBVs: resemblance and difference 202 A.S. Miroshnichenko The Post-Red Supergiant IRC R. Oudmaijer and R. Waters Photometric Search for Rapid Pulsations in Six WR Stars 206 H. Schneider, W. Glatzel, K.J. Fricke Surface Chemistry and Evolutionary Status of 0 Supergiants 208 K.C. Smith LSS 4005 and NaSt 1, Galactic O[e] or B[e] Objects 211 K.A. van der Hucht, P.M. Williams, P.W. Morris, and A.M. van Genderen Summary of the General Discussion 213 C. Leitherer

6 xvii Part V. HD 5980 HD 5980 Before, During and After (?) the LBV-like Eruption: an Overview 217 A.F.J. Moffat The HD 5980 Binary System: Components and Spectral Types 222 V.S. Niemela, R.H. Barbd, N.I. Morrell, and M. Corti The Light Changes in HD J. Breysacher IUE Observations of HD 5980: The Role of Binary Interaction Effects 233 G. Koenigsberger and E. Moreno Evolution of the Optical Spectrum and Hydrogen Abundances in HD R.H. Barbd, V.S. Niemela, and N.I. Morrell The WN 11-like Spectrum of HD 5980 during the early Stages of the 1994 Eruption 243 M. Heydari-Malayeri, G. Rauw, and 0. Esslinger Summary of the General Discussion 245 L. Smith Part VI. n CARINAE New HST Results on 77 Carinae and the Inner Nebula 249 D. Ebbets, J. Morse, K. Davidson, and N. Walborn New HST Results on the Outer Nebula of r\ Carinae 255 R.J. Dufour, T.W. Glover, J.J. Hester, D.G. Currie, D. van Orsow, and D.K. Walter The Structure of n Carinae's Homunculus from Imaging Polarimetry and Spectropolarimetry 260 R.E. Schulte-Ladbeck, D.J. Hillier, M. Clampin, A. Pasquali, O.L. Lupie, and A. Nota X-ray Emission and Variability of 77 Car." 267 M.F. Corcoran, J.H. Swank, R. Petre, S. Drake, K. Ishibashi

7 xviii Near-Infrared Variability of n Carinae 272 A. Damineli Millimeter Emission of 77 Carinae 277 P. Cox The Radio Outbursts from 77 Carinae 282 S.M. White, R.A. Duncan, J. Lira, and S.A. Drake Models for n Carinae 287 D.J. Hillier Radio Variability of 77 Carinae 294 Z. Abraham and A. Damineli HST FOS Spectroscopy of 77 Carinae's Northeast Jet 296 T.W. Glover, R.J. Dufour, J.J. Hester, D.G. Curie, D. van Orsow, and D.K. Walter Summary of the General Discussion 298 N. Walborn Part VII. THE EJECTA Nebulae around LBVs and related stars: Morphology, Dynamics, Age, Mass 303 A. Nota and M. Clampin Abundance Determinations in LBV Nebulae 310 L.J. Smith Dust in LBV-type Nebulae 316 D. Hutsemekers IR Observations of LBV Nebulae 322 C.J. Skinner Dust in the Nebulae surrounding LBVs 326 L.B.F.M. Waters, P.W. Morris, R.H.M. Voors, and H.J.G.L.M. Lamers LBV Outbursts: The Effects of Rotation 332 G. Garcia-Segura, N. Langer, and M.M. Mac Low Where's the Disk?: LBV bubbles and Aspherical Fast Winds 338 A. Frank

8 xix Giant Structures around Post-LBVs Stars 345 A. Manchado, G. Garcia-Segura, You-Hua Chu, J.A. Castro, and A. Matthews Evidence of Evolution from LBV to WR from Circumstellar Environments 347 A.P. Marston The Chemical Abundances of Ejecta Nebulae surrounding Massive Stars 349 M.P. Stroud ISOCAM imaging of AG Car and HR Car 351 N.R. Trams, L.B.F.M. Waters, and R.H.M. Voors Mid-Infrared imaging of the HR Car Nebula 353 R.H.M. Voors, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, L.B.F.M. Waters, N.R. Trams, and H.U. Kaufl Summary of the General Discussion 355 R.E. Schulte-Ladbeck Part VIII. THE EVOLUTIONARY CONNECTIONS LBVs in OB Clusters and Associations 363 CD. Garmany Statistics of LBVs and Related Stars 368 J. Wm. Parker LBV: How do they fit Evolution? 374 A. Maeder Summary of the General Discussion 381 N. Lunger Part IX. SUMMARY OF THE WORKSHOP Redefinition of the LBV Phenomena? 387 P.S. Conti Luminous Blue Variable Stars as seen from Kona, Hawaii 389 J.S. Gallagher

9 xx Author index 399 Object index 402