GDR Neutrino at Saclay (INSTN) April Report on LAGUNA. Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics.

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1 GDR Neutrino at Saclay (INSTN) April 2008 Report on LAGUNA Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics Luigi MOSCA (CEA-Saclay and LSM-Fréjus) L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

2 European Cooperation Project LAGUNA (21 Institutions in 10 countries) Grand Unification Proton Decay up to years lifetime mainly to study Supernovae (burst + relics ) the Sun (solar ν s ) Neutrinos from Cosmic rays (atmospheric ν s ) the Earth (geo ν s ) Neutrino properties accelerators (super-beam and beta-beam) and Astrophysics L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

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4 High-energy accelerators like the LHC or the planned ILC cannot directly answer these fundamental questions about Nature. This was also recognized in the CERN European roadmap for particle physics : A range of very important non-accelerator experiments take place at the overlap between particle and astroparticle physics exploring otherwise inaccessible phenomena. Council will seek to work with ApPEC to develop a coordinated strategy in these areas of mutual interest. L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

5 In the LAGUNA Cooperation the main Physics goals are common, while 3 different detection techniques are proposed 3 detector types (GLACIER, LENA, and MEMPHYS), and 7 candidate sites (Boulby, Fréjus, CNGS off-axis, LSC, Pyhäsalmi, Sunlab and IFIN-HH) There is a strong complementarity among the 3 detector approaches, to be better investigated inside LAGUNA L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

6 An example of complementarity : L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

7 The 3 detectors GLACIER (Liquid Argon TPC) LENA (Liquid Scintillator) MEMPHYS (Water Cherenkov) L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

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10 Beneficiary no. 1. (coordinator) Beneficiary name Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Beneficiary short name Country Date enter project ETH Zurich Switzerland University of Bern U-Bern Switzerland University of Jyväskylä U-Jyväskylä Finland University of Oulu U-Oulu Finland Kalliosuunnittelu Oy Rockplan Ltd Rockplan Finland Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS France Max-Planck- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.v. Technische Universität München H.Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow KGHM CUPRUM Ltd Research and Development Centre Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc MPG Germany 1 24 TUM Germany 1 24 IFJ PAN Poland 1 24 KGHM CUPRUM IGSMiE PAN Poland 1 24 Poland 1 24 LSC Spain Universidad Autonoma, Madrid UAM Spain University of Granada UGR Spain University of United UDUR Durham Kingdom The University of United U-Sheffield Sheffield Kingdom Technodyne Technodyne United International Ltd Kingdom University of Aarhus U-Aarhus Denmark AGT Ingegneria Srl, Perugia AGT Italy Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest IFIN-HH Romania LOMBARDI SA Ingénieurs-Conseils LOMBARDI Switzerland 1 24 Date exit project L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

11 The Design Study programme for the LAGUNA project has been approved as a whole by the European Commission (EC) Nevertheless for the EC it was impossible to allocate the full amount asked by LAGUNA ( 5 M ) : so the EC decided to mainly support the part of the programme which is more difficult to be founded on a national (regional) basis : 1.7 M to be mainly devoted to the sites infrastructure studies ( 250 k for the Fréjus site (LOMBARDI SA participant) and relevant networking activities for safety (WP 3) and physics outreach (WP 4)) L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

12 Work package list Work package no. WP1 Work package title Management, coordination and assessment Type of activity Lead beneficiary no. Personmonths Start month End month MGT ETHZ WP2 WP3 Underground Infrastructures and Engineering Safety, environmental and socio-economic issues RTD U-Oulu RTD U-Sheffield WP4 Science Impact and Outreach RTD IFJ PAN TOTAL 276 L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

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14 The Working Package N 2 (WP2) focuses on the large-scale underground infrastructures needed to host the experiments considered in this LAGUNA proposal (GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS) The purpose of the WP2 is in two steps : 1) assess the feasibility of large underground excavations in 7 potential European sites to host large volume detectors of each target liquid (Liquid Argon, Liquid Scintillator, Water) 2) perform more detailed studies of these large-scale cavities (and of their basic equipment) in the sites where this type of cavities appeared to be feasible. So, the main outcome of the WP2 programme will be a feasibility document containing the technical information on the excavation of large laboratories in the considered sites and on their basic equipment L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

15 Sites to be explored during the Design Study Name Country Region Host institute Site type 1) Boulby mine United Kingdom Boulby Sheffield Univ. Mine/salt (potash) or rock 2) Fréjus France Fréjus CNRS Road tunnel / hard rock 3) CERN CNGS offaxis location Italy Along CERN CNGS neutrino beam Not yet defined 4) LSC Spain Pyrenees MEC/Regional Aragon Governm./ Zaragoza Univ. Soft rock/shallow depth Soft rock 5) Pyhäsalmi Finland Pyhäjärvi Oulu Univ. Mine / hard rock 6) SUNLAB Poland Polkowice - Sieroszowice Not yet defined Mine / salt & rock 7) IFIN-HH Romania Prahova IFIN-HH Salt / shallow depth L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

16 Main topics to be addressed in the (pre-)feasibility study for each site and each type of experiment : 1) determination of the best shape for very large cavities and of their maximum possible dimensions (using simulations constrained by the knowledge of the type, structure and stress of the rock) 2) optimisation of the access to these cavities (tunnels, shafts, local bypasses, ) 3) study of the basic equipment and facilities : ventilation and airfiltering and conditioning, liquid transportation and/or production and continuous purification factories, electrical power supply, clean rooms, computing facilities, etc. 4) incorporation of the relevant safety conditions and equipments (for long term stability of the cavities, for fire, liquid leaks and evaporation risks, etc), in connection with WP3. 5) evaluation of the cost and time of realisation of the different parts of each site s infrastructure (and also maintenance cost) L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

17 In more detail the Fréjus site L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

18 at Fréjus Basic result of the preliminary feasibility study of a Very Large Laboratory In the middle of the Fréjus tunnel at a depth of 4800 m.w.e a preliminary investigation shows the feasibility to excavate up to five shafts of about 250,000 m 3 each L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

19 Summary of the main results of the Preliminary Study by SETEC (French) and STONE (Italian) Companies 1) the best site (rock quality) is found in the middle of the mountain, at a depth of 4800 mwe : a really good chance! 2) of the two considered shapes : tunnel and shaft, the shaft (= well) shape is strongly preferred 3) Cylindrical shafts are feasible up to : a diameter Φ = 65 m and a full height h = 80 m ( m 3 ) 4) with egg shape or intermediate shape the volume of the shafts could be still increased 5) The estimated construction cost is (40+40) M X Nb of shafts L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

20 Two examples of scenario for Water Cerenkov detectors (MEMPHYS) a) 3 shafts of m 3 each, with a fiducial mass of 450 Ktons ( UNO-like scenario) b) 4 shafts of m 3 each, with a fiducial mass of 600 Ktons -> In both scenarios one additional shaft would be necessary for a Liquid Argon (GLACIER) detector of about 100 ktons total mass -> For a Liquid Scintillator of 50 ktons (LENA) a tunnel-shape cavity would be needed (φ 35m, L 120m) L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

21 Design Study for this Fréjus Very Large Laboratory concerning the excavation of 3 to 5 shafts of about m 3 each in the central region of the Fréjus Tunnel, the associated equipments and the mechanics of the detector modules : a) precise in situ investigation of the rock quality parameters and more detailed analysis b) optimisation of the shafts shape c) optimisation (choice) of the type of local access d) definition of the required equipments : ventilation and air-conditioning, liquid purification factory, electric power supply, etc. e) definition of the best solution for the liquid containment and for the photo-detectors support L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

22 A possible schedule for a European Lab. at Frejus Year Safety tunnel Excavation Lab cavity PS Study Excavation detector PM R&D PMT production Det.preparation Non-acc.physics Outside lab. Installation P-decay, SN Superbeam Construction Superbeam betabeam Construction Beta beam decision for cavity digging decision for SPL construction decision for EURISOL site L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

23 From : Status and Perspectives of Astroparticle Physics in Europe ChristianSpiering Received February 2008 Published online 2008 «The present prominent European projects under study are MEMPHYS, a Megaton-scale water detector (de Bellefon et al. 2006), LENA (Wurm et al. 2007), a kiloton liquid scintillator detector, and GLACIER (Rubbia 2004), a kiloton liquid argon detector The European LAGUNA consortium (Autiero et al. 2007) has been awarded a FP7 Design Study grant in order : a) to explore and compare the capabilities of the three methods and b) to evaluate the possibilities of excavation of deep large cavities and the accompanying infrastructures. The design study should converge, on a time scale of 2010, to a common proposal. The total cost depends on the method and the actual size and is estimated to be between 400 and 800 MEuro. Civil engineering may start in The cost would be shared internationally for such a Mega project.» L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April

24 Conclusions and outlook - The LAGUNA proposal is now approved (14 proposals / 54 submitted to FP7) - The main physics goals are common inside the LAGUNA Cooperation - The LAGUNA physics programme aims at otherwise inaccessible fundamental phenomena - The 3 detector approaches appear complementary, but this needs a deeper investigation - The 7 candidate sites need well coordinated feasibility studies and their basic equipment has to be defined in connection with the 3 proposed detector-types - The relevant safety requirements must be integrated at all levels of this Design Study - LAGUNA is an European cooperation, but it is also open for cooperation with the world community! L. Mosca GDR Neutrino April