Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi Mine

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1 Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi Mine Juha Peltoniemi C U P P - p r o j e c t cupp.oulu.fi

CUPP = Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi the purpose is to establish an underground research centre in the Pyhäsalmi mine the responsible

2 CUPP = Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi the purpose is to establish an underground research centre in the Pyhäsalmi mine the responsible organisation is University of Oulu administered by Oulu Southern Institute (Dr Eelis Kokko) project director Dr Juha Peltoniemi Funded by EU structural funds CUPP-project

3 2 hour distance by car Pyhäsalmi mine (active) in Pyhäjärvi town Main office University of Oulu 5 h

4 Personnel Project director Dr Juha Peltoniemi Senior researchers Dr Timo Enqvist Senior researchers in reserve Dr Changquan Shen Dr Elena Kozlovskaya Graduate students Juho Sarkamo Tomi Räihä Project secretary MSc Auli Suorsa Undergraduate students Mika Lehtola Mikko Mutanen Sami Nurmenniemi Janne Narkilahti Jari Joutsenvaara Kai Loo Toni Keränen Timo Kulju Leena Pasanen Researchers from other units Prof Kalevi Mursula Dr Ilya Usoskin MSc Anne-Marie Elo

5 Present facilities Old mining hut surface laboratory and office room 95 m container (MUG) Underground facilities in use 210 m (MUG) 400 m garage Other existing halls 660 m 980 m guest house

6 Future option: a deep underground laboratory new laboratory facilities in 1440 m underground depth equals 4000 m of water very low background rooms for new big experiments prefeasibility study done 2002 no technical obstacles very good rock construction possible in cost estimate million euros not yet approved wait for a commitment from a big experiment

present experiments MUG (1997/2000-) prototype cosmic rays experiments under

7 Scientific programme finished experiments U migration in the sand (2000) Rn migration in the rock (2000) INM-2 ( ) - neutrons fast neutron background ( ) present experiments MUG (1997/2000-) prototype cosmic rays experiments under preparation multimuon prototype cosmic rays proposed experiment multimuon experiment cosmic rays

8 One vision of a cosmic ray experiment array Surface EAS array neutron monitor drift chambers plastic scintillators plastic scintillators neutron counters neutron counters neutron counters magnetic calorimeter Gd supernova detector neutron counters! " # $ % & '! ( ) * +, -. / 0 1 ( ) * : ; 2 3 = A B C D E < = H I J K L M N O F G H Q R S T U V W X Y P Q Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a l m n o p q r t u v w x y z } ~ Œ Ž œ ž Ÿ ª ± ² µ ¹ º ¼ ½ ¾ À Á Â æ ç è é ê ë ì î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ø ù ú û ü ý þ! " # $ % & ' ) * +, -. / : ; < = A C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q S T U V W X Y [ \ ] ^ _ ` a c d e f g h i k l m n o p q s t u v w x y z ˆ Š Ž š œ ž Ÿ

9 Options for accelerator physics: Neutrino factory Muon accelerator a viable option for the next accelerator project at Cern may start in years costs over one billion euros much less than linear colliders

10 2800 km Canary 2-4 neutrino beams can be sent from the factory target stations located in member countries of Cern many options needs a very large and deep laboratory Pyhäsalmi technically excellent site 730 km Gran Sasso CERN 2288 km Pyhäsalmi 3500 km Directions of neutrino beam Longyearbyen

11 Vision of neutrino experiments supernova neutrino experiment double beta decay work area and small experiments neutrino factory far detector LENA Staff entrance Cargo entrance

12 Funding Current project Funded by European Union Structural Funds Ministry of Education Municipality of Pyhäjärvi Pyhäsalmi Mine Ltd Total funding for the year 2003 is euros New project applications for under preparation EU funds national funds old Soviet trade debts? municipal 18,0% private 8,0% funding EU+national municipal private EU+national 74,0% Private funding is virtual

13 Advantages of Pyhäsalmi site very deep mine existing infrastructures good traffic connections low nuclear reactor background supported by local people no environmental problems

14 Potential problems low funding lack of staff bureaucracy lack of experience lack of stability

15 Conclusions Scientific programme advancing medium scale cosmic ray experiment under preparation big experiments under discussion An opportunity to create a world class research centre in Finland gives a boost to Finnish science increases scientific awareness among the public Lots of challenges in the road need coherent co-operation among all scientists funding decicions to be made Neutrino factory first priority choice for the next accelerator project at CERN

Neutrino oscillations from CERN to Pyhäsalmi

Neutrino oscillations from CERN to Pyhäsalmi Juha Peltoniemi CUPP-project cupp.oulu.fi The CUPP project CUPP Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi The purpose is to establish an underground research