EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH. cloud INITIAL CLOUD RESOURCES & SCHEDULE

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1 EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH cloud CERN-SPSC SPSC-P317 Add.3 January 20, 2006 INITIAL CLOUD RESOURCES & SCHEDULE University of Aarhus, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus, Denmark University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, Bergen, Norway California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, USA CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Danish National Space Center, Copenhagen, Denmark Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki, Laboratory of Aerosol and Environmental Physics, Helsinki, Finland University of Kuopio, Department of Applied Physics, Kuopio, Finland Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, Moscow, Russia University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, Leeds, United Kingdom Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany University of Mainz, Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Mainz, Germany Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany University of Missouri-Rolla, Cloud and Aerosol Sciences Laboratory, Rolla, USA State University of New York at Albany, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, New York, USA Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Switzerland University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, Reading, United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Space Science & Particle Physics Depts., Chilton, United Kingdom Tampere University of Technology, Department of Physics, Tampere, Finland University of Vienna, Institute for Experimental Physics, Vienna, Austria CLOUD Collaboration

2 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 COST ESTIMATE 2 3 FTE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CLOUD FACILITY 4 4 FUNDING 4 5 SCHEDULE & MILESTONES 4 A FUNDING DOCUMENTS 5 ii

3 1 INTRODUCTION This document provides the initial estimated resources and schedule for the CLOUD experiment [1] (Fig. 1), together with the proposed contributions and responsibilities of the collaborating institutes. Following the request of the SPSC, the collaboration has presented the CLOUD proposal to its national funding agencies. The response has been positive. We have received both verbal and written encouragement to proceed with formal requests for funding support once the experiment is approved by CERN. The written responses that we have received are appended. They include documents from a) the Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, b) the Director of Natural Environment Research Council Centres for Atmospheric Science, UK, c) the Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Helsinki Institute of Physics, d) the Director of the Helsinki Institute of Physics, and e) the Director of the Danish National Space Center, Copenhagen. UV illumination field cage HV inspection camera illumination chamber analysers control /DAQ chamber analysers FTIR spectrometer Mie scattering detector CCD cameras ice particle detector 2m reactor chamber /0.5m cloud chamber temperature pressure hygrometer laser sampling probes laser beam counters CERN PS pion beam synthetic air /argon water vapour mixing fan (RC) /piston (CC) condensation particle counter (CPC) differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) trace gases mass spectrometers aerosols vacuum expansion volume (RC) bakeout liquid cooling ion mobility spectrometer gas/aerosol system vacuum/bakeout/cooling system sampling analysers Fig. 1: Schematic of the CLOUD experiment. The reaction and cloud chambers are represented by a single chamber in the figure. 1

4 2 COST ESTIMATE The cost of the CLOUD detector is broken down into three groups of instruments: 1. CLOUD facility: the central detector assembly, including the cloud chamber, reaction chamber, gas/aerosol supply system, liquid cooling system, vacuum system, control system and DAQ. 2. Chamber analysers: instruments that analyse the in situ contents of the cloud and reaction chambers, such as CCD cameras, Mie scattering detectors, ice particle analysers, temperature and pressure sensors, etc. 3. Sampling analysers: instruments that analyse samples extracted from the cloud and reaction chambers via sampling probes, such as mass spectrometers, ion mobility spectrometers, condensation particle counters, differential mobility analysers, trace gas analysers, etc. The estimated total cost of these items is shown in Table 1 and a detailed breakdown is provided in Tables 2 4. Table 1: Estimated total cost of the CLOUD experiment. Item Cost [MC] Ref. Cloud facility 2.0 Table 2 Chamber analysers 1.7 Table 3 Sampling analysers 5.4 Table 4 Total: 9.1 MC Table 2: Estimated cost of the CLOUD facility. The responsible partners are the Danish National Space Center (DNSC), Copenhagen; the Helsinki Institute of Physics and the University of Helsinki; the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IFT), Leipzig; the University of Mainz; Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). System Cost [kc] Cloud chamber 370 Reaction chamber 540 Field cage (clearing field) 50 Gas/aerosol system 190 Cleaning system 40 Liquid cooling/heating system 280 Vacuum system 60 Control/DAQ system 100 Support structure / civil engineering 140 Supplies (electrical, network,... ) 20 Total: 1790 Total (with contingency): 2.0 MC 2

5 Table 3: Estimated costs and proposed responsibilities for the chamber analysers and beam/gcr counters. System Cost [MC] Responsibility CAMS - constant angle Mie scattering 0.4 Vienna CCD/CMOS camera system 0.2 RAL Ice particle analyser 0.3 Mainz FTIR H 2 O measurement (and trace gases?) 0.2 RAL FTIR ion measurement 0.2 RAL H 2 O sensors 0.1 Leipzig Temperature & pressure 0.1 Leipzig Beam & GCR counters 0.2 Lebedev Total: 1.7 MC Table 4: Estimated costs and proposed responsibilities for the sampling analysers. System Cost [MC] Responsibility CIMS - chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (H 2 SO 4 ) 0.7 Heidelberg AMS - aerosol mass spectrometer 0.5 Mainz PTRMS - ToF proton transfer mass spectrometer 0.4 PSI CPC - condensation particle counter 0.15 Helsinki, Leipzig CPC for low pressure & low temperature operation 0.3 Mainz CPC battery (different liquids) 0.5 Helsinki DMA - differential mobility analyser 0.15 Helsinki, Leipzig HTDMA - hygroscopicity tandem DMA 0.2 PSI VTDMA - volatility tandem DMA 0.2 PSI Ion DMPS - differential mobility particle sizer 0.2 Helsinki IMS - ion mobility spectrometer 0.3 Helsinki, Reading Gas analysers (SO 2, O 3, NO x ) 0.3 RAL NH 3 analyser (ppt) 0.3 Helsinki, Mainz, Heidelberg, PSI OH analyser (10 5 cm 3 ) 0.7 Helsinki, Mainz, Heidelberg, PSI Filter /impactor for offline analysis 0.3 Mainz H 2 O /Lyman α detector /dew point sensor 0.2 RAL, Leipzig Total: 5.4 MC 3

6 3 FTE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CLOUD FACILITY The estimated full time equivalents (FTEs) required for design, modelling and construction of the CLOUD facility are shown in Table 5. The FTE requirements will be shared among the proposed partners responsible for the CLOUD facility, namely, the Danish National Space Center (DNSC), Copenhagen; the Helsinki Institute of Physics and the University of Helsinki; the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IFT), Leipzig; the University of Mainz; Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The overall coordination of the technical effort for CLOUD would require a project engineer based at CERN, since CERN has recognised special expertise in the integration of relatively complex experiments and also in certain technical areas of importance for CLOUD. Table 5: Estimated technical personnel (FTE) required for design and construction of the CLOUD facility, over a 5-year period. Year Engineer Designer Technician Total Activity Conceptual design /prototype tests Engineering design /prototype tests Construction Construction /assembly Assembly/commissioning/beam data Total: FUNDING Funding for construction of the CLOUD facility and for some of the external instruments will be requested from the European Union 7 th Framework Programme (FP7). The remainder of the funding for the experiment will be requested from national funding agencies. Research network funding will also be requested from FP7 to support students and fellows to spend time at CERN working on the experiment, and to support the interaction and exchange of the CLOUD researchers. The present research of several of the CLOUD institutes is funded under the current EU 6 th Framework Programme, so the aims and procedures of EU research funding are familiar to the collaboration. It is felt that CLOUD may be an attractive project for FP7 funding in view of both its high scientific interest and its novel multidisciplinary nature, involving European scientific cooperation on a CERN experiment by atmospheric, space, and particle physicists. 5 SCHEDULE & MILESTONES The schedule and milestones for the design and construction are shown in Fig. 2. The primary milestones for the experiment are as follows: 1. Technical Proposal: end of year Beam prototype tests in T11: autumn year 1 & spring year Technical Design Report: end of year Full CLOUD experiment installed and operational in the PS T11 beamline: middle of year 5. 4

7 The collaboration appreciates that all present activities at CERN are devoted towards LHC startup. The proposed schedule has taken this into account by extending the design and prototyping phase by an extra year (i.e. two years instead of one). This also has the benefits of allowing more time for beam prototyping during preparation of the Technical Proposal and Technical Design Report, and of better-matching the expected funding profiles from national agencies and from the EU 7 th Framework Programme. ID Task Name 1 Design and prototyping 2 Requirements definition, pre-project 3 Technical Proposal 4 Design 5 Beam prototype tests 6 Technical Design Report 7 Construction 8 Procurements 9 Assembly 10 Commissioning 11 CLOUD operational 12 Data taking 13 Beam time CLOUD PLANNING Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 19/12 19/12 16/06 Fig. 2: CLOUD schedule and milestones. References [1] CLOUD collaboration (B. Fastrup et al.), A study of the link between cosmic rays and clouds with a cloud chamber at the CERN PS, CERN proposal SPSC/P317, SPSC (2000); CERN SPSC/P317 Add.1, SPSC (2000); CERN SPSC/P317 Add.2, SPSC (2000); CERN-SPSC , SPSC-M-721 (2004). APPENDIX A FUNDING DOCUMENTS The written responses to the CLOUD experiment that we have received from national funding agencies are appended below. 5

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10 Minutes of the Scientific Advisory Board meeting of HIP at CERN Monday 23 and Tuesday 24, May 2005 Present: D. Schlatter (CERN, chair), J. Engelen (CERN), H. Leutwyler (U. Bern), M. Mäenpää (Technology Industries), M. Rice (ETHZ), H. Specht (U. Heidelberg) and M. Sainio (HIP, secretary)... 7) CLOUD experiment: - CLOUD, an accelerator based experiment to investigate the influence of cosmic rays on clouds, is still in proposal phase at CERN; not yet approved. Very interesting and relevant project. A leading Finnish group in aerosol physics participates in CLOUD; HIP could liase with CERN and the funding agency; a small start-up funding would be quite reasonable and in line with the HIP mandate. Dieter Schlatter/ CERN Chair of SAB 8

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