Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Climate Sensitivity: the CLOUD experiment.
|
|
- Morgan Francis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Climate Sensitivity: the CLOUD experiment 4th April 2017 Molteni Ugo
2 About me Master degree in Applied and Environmental Chemistry at the University of Milan PhD student at the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Energy and Environment Research Division at the Paul Scherrer Institute Working at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) experiment
3 Outlook Aerosol and the impact on visibility, health and climate New particle formation in troposphere The CERN CLOUD experiment and recent results Field results an the High Altitude Jungfraujoch Research Stations
4 Atmosphere
5 Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Climate Sensitivity: the CLOUD experiment Aerosol is defined as a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas: Dust, Fog, Fume, Hazes, Mists, Particles, Smog, Smoke, Soot We will focus on the dispersed phase Few hundred to few thousand particles per cc Diameter: few nm few μm
6 Atmospheric Science - History Ancient Greeks thought that emissions from their cooking activities were reaching the mount Olympus ad feeding gods. The Great Smog of 1952, London Photochemical Smog, LA basin 70 Ozone hole Nobel Prize in Chemistry
7 Aerosol Sources Biogenic Anthropogenic Primary Secondary Ozone, OH, NO3 Oxidation processes
8 Aerosol global distribution Dust (red), sea salt (blue), organic/black carbon (green), and sulfates (white)
9 Why do we study aerosol? Visibility Health Climate
10 Visibility Seinfeld and Pandis, )Residual light from the target reaching the observer 2)Light from the target scattered out of the observer s line 3)Light scattered into the observer s line 4)Background scattered light
11 Visibility Shanghai
12 Health asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, cognitive aging, Alzheimer s disease and other forms of dementia. Emily Underwood, Science Magazine
13 Aerosol and Climate IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Fifth Assessment Report: The Physical Science Basis Clouds and Aerosols Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Mitigation of Climate Change
14 Radiative Forcing greenhouse gases - CO2 Svante Arrhenius 1896, first evidence of the link between CO2 and greenhouse effect IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
15 Climate Sensitivity Radiative Forcing IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
16 Radiative Forcing - Aerosol IPCC, 2013 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
17 Radiative Forcing - Aerosol IPCC, 2013 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
18 Particles act as cloud condensation nuclei. Globally half of them are primary emitted, half are formed in the atmosphere Merikanto et al., 2009
19 Nucleation or new particle formation
20 The CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) experiment at CERN
21 The CERN CLOUD experiment Which chemical species are involved new particle formation? Do galactic cosmic rays play a role in new particle formation?
22 Galactic cosmic ray
23 Ion induce new particle formation Kirkby, 2008
24 Kirkby, 2008
25 CERN facility CLOUD is here!
26 East Hall CLOUD uses the T GeV/c secondary π+ beam
27 The CLOUD chamber is a 3 m diameter electro-polished stainless 3 steel cylinder of 26.1 m
28 T11 End of the beam line Kirkby, 2008
29 East Hall - T11
30 The Chamber Kirkby et al., 2011
31 Beam Shutter
32 Instrumentation Physics Chemistry Particle number Precursors Size distribution Cluster composition Ion distribution Particle composition Kirkby et al., 2016 Junninen et al., 2010
33 New particle formation Binary nucleation SO2 + OH HOSO2 HOSO2 + O2 SO3 + HO2 SO3 + H2O H2SO4 Clusters (H2SO4)m(H2O)x Kirkby et al., Nature (2011) Ternary nucleation Clusters: (H2SO4)m(NH3)n(H2O)x (H2SO4)m(DMA3)n(H2O)x Almeida et al., Nature (2013)
34 Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles SO2 OH radical H2SO4 OH radical BioOxOrg Riccobono et al., Science (2014) Schobesberger et al., PNAS (2013)
35 New particle formation in preindustrial, pristine environment: pure biogenic nucleation
36 The Autoxidation mechanism Kroll et al., 2011 Crounse et al., 2013 Ehn et al., 2013
37 Pure biogenic new particle formation Volatile organic compounds 2.4 Pg/y of reactive carbon 90% Biogenic: 44% isoprene 11% terpenes 10% Anthropogenic Sindelarova et al., (2014) Kirkby et al., Nature (2016)
38 Kirkby et al., Nature (2016)
39 Pure biogenic new particle formation Kirkby et al, Nature (2016)
40 The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere Tröstl et al., Nature (2016)
41 Bianchi et al., Science (2016)
42 Conclusion Climate change is linked to climate sensitivity: a temperature change in response to radiative forcing We well know the temperature increased from 1750 and we well know greenhouse gases concentration from ice cores but we have large uncertainty on aerosol load CLOUD in the past 5 years of operation identified precursors of new particle formation CLOUD answers 2 big questions: how cloudy was the pre-industrial climate and how much clouds have changed due to human activities Pure biogenic nucleation was the process in pristine environment CLOUD knowledge will help reduce uncertainty in climate projections
43 Thanks for your attention More at
CHAPTER 8. AEROSOLS 8.1 SOURCES AND SINKS OF AEROSOLS
1 CHAPTER 8 AEROSOLS Aerosols in the atmosphere have several important environmental effects They are a respiratory health hazard at the high concentrations found in urban environments They scatter and
More informationAerosols AP sizes AP types Sources Sinks Amount and lifetime Aerosol radiative effects. Aerosols. Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21
Aerosols Trude Storelvmo Aerosols 1 / 21 Aerosols: Definition Definition of an aerosol: disperse system with air as carrier gas and a solid or liquid or a mixture of both as disperse phases. Aerosol particles
More informationStratospheric Ozone Depletion, Regional Ozone, Aerosols: Connections to Climate Change
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Regional Ozone, Aerosols: Connections to Climate Change Jeff Gaffney Chemistry Department University of Arkansas at Little Rock DOE Biological and Environmental Science Climate
More informationArctic Chemistry And Climate
21 July 2016 Connaught Summer Institute 1 Arctic Chemistry And Climate Connaught Summer Institute 2016 William (Bill) Simpson Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks
More informationCombustion Generated Pollutants
Combustion Generated Pollutants New Delhi Peking Climate change Combustion Generated Pollutants Greenhouse gases: CO 2, methane, N 2 O, CFCs, particulates, etc. Hydrocarbons: Toxins and a major contributor
More informationAerosol Dynamics. Antti Lauri NetFAM Summer School Zelenogorsk, 9 July 2008
Aerosol Dynamics Antti Lauri NetFAM Summer School Zelenogorsk, 9 July 2008 Department of Physics, Division of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics, University of Helsinki Aerosol Dynamics: What? A way to
More informationP = x i. P i. = y i. Aerosol and Aqueous Chemistry. Raoult s Law. Raoult s Law vs. Henry s Law. or C i. = HC i. = k H
The Great Smog Aerosol and Aqueous Chemistry Equilibrium Partitioning Oxidation and Oxidants Other Surface-driven Fogs in London were a common occurrence, but the events that began on the 5th of December
More informationImplications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle
Implications of Sulfate Aerosols on Clouds, Precipitation and Hydrological Cycle Source: Sulfate aerosols are produced by chemical reactions in the atmosphere from gaseous precursors (with the exception
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3152 Week 9, March 8, 2016
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3152 Week 9, March 8, 2016 Hand back Midterm Exams (average = 84) Interaction of atmospheric constituents with light Haze and Visibility Aerosol formation processes (more detail) Haze and
More informationLecture 26. Regional radiative effects due to anthropogenic aerosols. Part 2. Haze and visibility.
Lecture 26. Regional radiative effects due to anthropogenic aerosols. Part 2. Haze and visibility. Objectives: 1. Attenuation of atmospheric radiation by particulates. 2. Haze and Visibility. Readings:
More informationAerosols and climate. Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences
Aerosols and climate Rob Wood, Atmospheric Sciences What are aerosols? Solid or liquid particles suspended in air Sizes range from a few nm to a few thousand nm Huge range of masses Where do aerosols come
More informationAerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure
Aerosol Basics: Definitions, size distributions, structure Antti Lauri NetFAM Summer School Zelenogorsk, 9 July 2008 Department of Physics, Division of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics, University of
More informationPutting Secondary Organic Aerosol in Global Models. Issues and Approaches
Putting Secondary Organic Aerosol in Global Models (and FRP s) Issues and Approaches Dean Hegg (University of Washington) Walter Sessions (NRL Monterey) Outline of Talk 1. The necessity of dealing with
More informationProfessional English
Tomsk Polytechnic University Institute of natural recourses Geoecology and Geochemistry Department Professional English Lecture 1 «Basic concept of atmospheric aerosols» Anna V. Talovskaya PhD, Associate
More informationChapter One: Atmospheric Aerosols
2004 PhD Thesis 9 Chapter One: Atmospheric Aerosols 1.1 Introduction Atmospheric aerosols have significant local, regional and global impacts. Local impacts include vehicular emissions, wood burning fires
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1 Note Page numbers refer to Daniel Jacob s online textbook: http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/ jacobbook/index.html Atmos = vapor + sphaira
More informationThe Atmosphere. All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010
The Atmosphere All of it. In one hour. Mikael Witte 10/27/2010 Outline Structure Dynamics - heat transport Composition Trace constituent compounds Some Atmospheric Processes Ozone destruction in stratosphere
More informationChapter 4 Lesson 1: Describing Earth s Atmosphere
Chapter 4 Lesson 1: Describing Earth s Atmosphere Vocabulary Importance of Earth s Atmosphere The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. o Contains the oxygen and water needed for life.
More informationSlides partly by Antti Lauri and Hannele Korhonen. Liquid or solid particles suspended in a carrier gas Described by their
Atmospheric Aerosols Slides partly by Antti Lauri and Hannele Korhonen Aerosol particles Liquid or solid particles suspended in a carrier gas Described by their Size Concentration - Number - Surface -
More informationInsights Into Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Using An Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Insights Into Atmospheric Organic Aerosols Using An Aerosol Mass Spectrometer A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
More informationAerosol Composition and Radiative Properties
Aerosol Composition and Radiative Properties Urs Baltensperger Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland WMO-BIPM Workshop Geneva, 30 March 1 April 2010
More informationEffects of Galactic Cosmic Rays on the Atmosphere and Climate. Jón Egill Kristjánsson, Univ. Oslo
Effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays on the Atmosphere and Climate Jón Egill Kristjánsson, Univ. Oslo Overview of talk Hypotheses for Coupling between Galactic Cosmic Rays and Climate Observational studies
More informationJ. Schneider & Chr. Voigt - Physics and Chemistry of Aerosols and Ice Clouds
Chapter 8 Contrails and contrail cirrus 8.1 Introduction - Terminology 8.2 Contrail formation conditions 8.3 Heterogeneous nucleation on volatile aerosol and soot 8.4 Indirect effect of soot on cirrus
More informationAerosols and Climate
Aerosols and Climate S K Satheesh S K Satheesh is an Assistant Professor at Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. His research interests include aerosols,
More informationMonoterpene and Sesquiterpene Emissions from Ponderosa Pine: Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation
Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene Emissions from Ponderosa Pine: Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Anita Lee, Gunnar Schade, Allen Goldstein UC Berkeley GCEP Workshop: August 19, 2002 What
More informationStudy of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory Experiments
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect APCBEE Procedia 10 (2014 ) 246 250 ICESD 2014: February 19-21, Singapore Study of the Effects of Acidic Ions on Cloud Droplet Formation Using Laboratory
More informationOzone: Earth s shield from UV radiation
Outline Ozone: Earth s shield from UV radiation Review electromagnetic radiation absorptivity by selective gases temperature vs. height in atmosphere Ozone production and destruction natural balance anthropogenic
More informationWhy is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges
Why is it difficult to predict climate? Understanding current scientific challenges Akua Asa-Awuku October 22, 2009 Global Climate Change (GCC) Workshop University of California - Riverside Bourns College
More informationThe Sensitivity of Global Nucleation, CCN and Climate to SO2 and Criegee-Intermediate Chemistry
The Sensitivity of Global Nucleation, CCN and Climate to SO2 and Criegee-Intermediate Chemistry Jeff Pierce, Mat Evans, Cat Scott, Steve D'Andrea, Delphine Farmer, Erik Swietlicki and Dom Spracklen Pierce,
More informationEditors Perspective on Multiphase Chemistry in the Atmosphere
Chapter 1 Downloaded via UNIV OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE on November 1, 2018 at 16:13:56 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. Editors
More informationThe Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Ammonia
The Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Ammonia Russell Dickerson Dept. Meteorology, The University of Maryland Presented at the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Ammonia Workshop October 23, 2003
More informationBiogenic aerosols and their interactions with climate. Yuzhong Zhang
Biogenic aerosols and their interactions with climate Yuzhong Zhang 2011.4.4 Biogenic aerosols and their interactions with climate 1. OVERVIEW OF BIOGENIC AEROSOL Definition and categories Why important?
More informationProf. V. Faye McNeill Department of Chemical Engineering. Columbia University Summer. Teachers August 19, 2009
Atmospheric Particles, Clouds, and Climate Prof. V. Faye McNeill vfmcneill@columbia.edu Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University Summer Research hprogram for Science Si Teachers August 19,
More informationAerosol. Challenge: Global Warming. Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio. 1910s. 1950s. 1990s T [Kelvin]
Aerosol Challenge: Global Warming 1910s 1950s 1990s 2 1 0 +1 +2 T [Kelvin] Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in
More informationA BRIEF REVIEW OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY
A BRIEF REVIEW OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY JWR Whitfield 2019 Fraser Technology Building 24 Grange Road, Livingston, EH54 5DE email: whitfield_mdc@yahoo.co.uk Tel: 07973 717021 A BRIEF REVIEW OF
More informationTopic # 13 (cont.) OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE Part II
Topic # 13 (cont.) OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE Part II A Story of Anthropogenic Disruption of a Natural Steady State p 77-79 in Class Notes REVIEW... Q Is the depletion of STRATOSPHERIC OZONE (in
More informationTOPICS YOU NEED TO KNOW
ATMO 101 Introduction to Meteorology Midterm Study Sheet Chapters 11, 13, 14 and 15 Exam Tuesday 5/9/2017 Noon 2pm Vocabulary Words for True and False, and Multiple Choice You are responsible for the following
More informationLab 4 Major Anions In Atmospheric Aerosol Particles
Georgia Institute of Technology School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences EAS 4641 Spring 2008 Lab 4 Major Anions In Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Purpose of Lab 4: This experiment will involve determining
More informationFinal Exam: Monday March 17 3:00-6:00 pm (here in Center 113) Slides from Review Sessions are posted on course website:
Final Exam: Monday March 17 3:00-6:00 pm (here in Center 113) 35% of total grade Format will be all multiple choice (~70 questions) Final exam will cover entire course - material since 2 nd midterm weighted
More informationIntroduction to aerosol modeling with WRF/Chem
Introduction to aerosol modeling with WRF/Chem Jan Kazil University of Colorado/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Outline 1. Aerosols in the atmosphere: Sources Processes Interaction with
More informationChapter Eight: Conclusions and Future Work
2004 PhD Thesis 202 Chapter Eight: Conclusions and Future Work 8.1 Conclusions The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer is capable of providing quantitative information on the chemical composition of the
More informationOutline. December 14, Applications Scattering. Chemical components. Forward model Radiometry Data retrieval. Applications in remote sensing
in in December 4, 27 Outline in 2 : RTE Consider plane parallel Propagation of a signal with intensity (radiance) I ν from the top of the to a receiver on Earth Take a layer of thickness dz Layer will
More informationCHAPTER 1. MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
1 CHAPTER 1. MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION The objective of atmospheric chemistry is to understand the factors that control the concentrations of chemical species in the atmosphere. In this book
More informationArctic Oxidation Chemistry
19 July 2016 Connaught Summer Institute 1 Arctic Oxidation Chemistry Connaught Summer Institute 2016 William (Bill) Simpson Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks
More informationSulfur Biogeochemical Cycle
Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycle Chris Moore 11/16/2015 http://www.inorganicventures.com/element/sulfur 1 Sulfur Why is it important? 14 th most abundant element in Earth s crust Sulfate is second most abundant
More informationChemistry of stabilized Criegee intermediates in the CLOUD chamber
Chemistry of stabilized Criegee intermediates in the CLOUD chamber Nina Sarnela, Mikko Sipilä, Tuija Jokinen, Heikki Junninen, and CLOUD Collaboration Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1527, 381 (2013);
More information8.2 Tropospheric ozone
8.2 Tropospheric ozone Prev Chapter 8. Ozone Next 8.2 Tropospheric ozone Tropospheric ozone is only about 10% of the total amount of ozone contained in a vertical column in the atmosphere. However, this
More informationClouds, Haze, and Climate Change
Clouds, Haze, and Climate Change Jim Coakley College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Earth s Energy Budget and Global Temperature Incident Sunlight 340 Wm -2 Reflected Sunlight 100 Wm -2 Emitted Terrestrial
More informationRadiation in the atmosphere
Radiation in the atmosphere Flux and intensity Blackbody radiation in a nutshell Solar constant Interaction of radiation with matter Absorption of solar radiation Scattering Radiative transfer Irradiance
More informationRecent Climate History - The Instrumental Era.
2002 Recent Climate History - The Instrumental Era. Figure 1. Reconstructed surface temperature record. Strong warming in the first and late part of the century. El Ninos and major volcanic eruptions are
More informationCSSP14, Sinaia, 25 th July, Space-atmospheric interactions of ultra-high energy. cosmic rays. Gina Isar
CSSP14, Sinaia, 25 th July, 2014 Space-atmospheric interactions of ultra-high energy Gina Isar isar@spacescience.ro cosmic rays Outline Outline Cosmic rays: particles from outer space Earth is subject
More informationAerosol modeling with WRF/Chem
Aerosol modeling with WRF/Chem Jan Kazil University of Colorado / NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory WRF/Chem Tutorial, 3 August 2015 (WRF/Chem 3.7) Part I - Introduction Overview of... Aerosol Aerosol
More informationAerosol & Climate. Direct and Indirect Effects
Aerosol & Climate Direct and Indirect Effects Embedded cooling Observed warming during 20 th century, Tapio Schneider, J. Climate, 2001 1 Many Sources / Lifetimes 2 Aerosols are liquid or solid particles
More informationRegions of the Atmosphere
Regions of the Atmosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Earth Troposphere: 0 15 km; layer of the atmosphere in which we live Stratosphere: 15 50 km; contains ozone layer Mesosphere:
More informationAtmospheric Chemistry III
Atmospheric Chemistry III Chapman chemistry, catalytic cycles: reminder Source of catalysts, transport to stratosphere: reminder Effect of major (O 2 ) and minor (N 2 O, CH 4 ) biogenic gases on [O 3 ]:
More informationPure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutions
Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutions Pure substance: matter that has a fixed (constant) composition and unique properties. Contains only 1 type element or compound; homogeneous Mixture: Contains at
More informationCONTENTS 1 MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
i CONTENTS 1 MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION 1 1.1 MIXING RATIO 1 1.2 NUMBER DENSITY 2 1.3 PARTIAL PRESSURE 6 PROBLEMS 10 1.1 Fog formation 10 1.2 Phase partitioning of water in cloud 10 1.3 The ozone
More informationThree-dimensional (3-D) radiative transfer codes are mainly used in cloud studies (e.g., LES models) and vegetation studies.
Lecture 5. Composition and structure of the Earth s atmosphere. Basic properties of gases, aerosols, and clouds that are important for radiative transfer modeling. Objectives: 1. Structure of the Earth
More informationAerodyne Chinese AMS/ACSM Clinic, Nanjing, April Why are we here? Data Analysis Clinics Boulder, PSI. Barcelona, Boulder
Aerodyne Chinese AMS/ACSM Clinic, Nanjing, 20-22 April 2018 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1st/2nd AMS Users Meeting Portland / Aerodyne 3rd Aerodyne
More informationVariable atmospheric transparency studies for the MAGIC telescopes
technische universität dortmund Variable atmospheric transparency studies for the MAGIC telescopes Nikola Strah (1), Dario Hrupec (2) for the MAGIC collaboration (1) Astroparticle physics group, Technische
More informationAtmosphere. Transfer in the Atmosphere
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Earth s Atmosphere Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Air Currents Air Quality Chapter Wrap-Up How does Earth s atmosphere affect life on Earth?
More informationWhat are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to
What are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to 10µm Concentrations decrease exponentially with height N(z) = N(0)exp(-z/H) Long-lived
More informationThe Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101
The Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere OCEA 101 Why should you care? - the atmosphere is the primary driving force for the ocean circulation. - the atmosphere controls geographical variations in ocean
More informationEffect of aging on cloud nucleating properties of atmospheric aerosols
Effect of aging on cloud nucleating properties of atmospheric aerosols Yan Ma Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology The 1st Regional GEOS-Chem Asia Meeting 2015 年 5 月 8 日 Indirect effect
More informationSecondary organic aerosol from low-volatility and traditional VOC precursors
Secondary organic aerosol from low-volatility and traditional VOC precursors Havala Olson Taylor Pye 1,2 and John H. Seinfeld 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
More informationAtmospheric Aerosols: Size Distributions and Composition
2.1 Atmospheric Aerosols: Size Distributions and Composition The Table below (from Seinfeld and Pandis) lists typical properties of different types of atmospheric model aerosols. Note that the characteristics
More informationSurface Ozone Problem in Two Polluted Regions in China and VOGA-NCP 2013 Summer Campaign
Surface Ozone Problem in Two Polluted Regions in China and VOGA-NCP 2013 Summer Campaign Liang Ran Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric
More informationTropospheric OH chemistry
Tropospheric OH chemistry CO Oxidation mechanism: CO + OH CO 2 + H, H + O 2 + M HO 2 + M, HO 2 + NO OH + NO 2 NO 2 + hν (+O 2 ) NO + O 3 Initiation step Propagation Net: CO + 2 O 2 CO 2 + O 3 HO 2 + HO
More informationParameterization of the nitric acid effect on CCN activation
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 879 885, 25 SRef-ID: 168-7324/acp/25-5-879 European Geosciences Union Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Parameterization of the nitric acid effect on CCN activation S. Romakkaniemi,
More informationGlossary. Anthropogenic Resulting from or produced by human activity.
Glossary Aerosols Aerosols are airborne solids or liquids in fine particle form. Their many types include particles of natural origin blown up from land/sea surfaces, anthropogenic particles and secondary
More informationclimate change Contents CO 2 (ppm)
climate change CO 2 (ppm) 2007 Joachim Curtius Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Universität Mainz Contents 1. Summary 2. Background 3. Climate change: observations 4. CO 2 5. OtherGreenhouse Gases (GHGs):
More informationCh22&23 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch22&23 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and a. particulates.
More informationDirect radiative forcing due to aerosols in Asia during March 2002
Direct radiative forcing due to aerosols in Asia during March 2002 Soon-Ung Park, Jae-In Jeong* Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Modeling *School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National
More informationAn Investigation of Precursors of Combustion Generated Soot Particles in Premixed Ethylene Flames Based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence
7 th Annual CE-CERT-SJTU Student Symposium An Investigation of Precursors of Combustion Generated Soot Particles in Premixed Ethylene Flames Based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence Chen Gu Problems of Fossil
More informationpinene (at 2 and 50 Torr) and β-pinene (at 200 Torr) with OH have been determined in varied conditions.
ABSTRACT The composition of the troposphere is strongly affected by biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of chemical compounds, including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and the nitrogen oxides. The emissions
More informationAre Cosmic Rays Changing our Climate? Jose Cardoza University of Utah Atmospheric Science Department Tuesday, February 16, 2010
Are Cosmic Rays Changing our Climate? Jose Cardoza University of Utah Atmospheric Science Department Tuesday, February 16, 2010 OUTLINE Cosmic rays in the atmosphere The supporters The skeptics Summary
More informationGLOBAL WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GLOBAL WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Our planet temperature is warming significantly due to human activities? OR Last few years warming is part of a natural global cycle? 1998 : The warmest year on
More information9/5/16. Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate. Common Forms of Energy Transfer in Climate. Electromagnetic radiation.
Section 3-4: Radiation, Energy, Climate Learning outcomes types of energy important to the climate system Earth energy balance (top of atm., surface) greenhouse effect natural and anthropogenic forcings
More informationChasing Aerosol Particles Down to Nano Sizes
Chasing Aerosol Particles Down to Nano Sizes ERC Seminar 13 June 2013 Armin Sorooshian Chemical & Environmental Engineering Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Outline of Talk 1. What are aerosol
More informationOver the course of this unit, you have learned about different
70 People and Weather TA L K I N G I T O V E R Over the course of this unit, you have learned about different aspects of earth s weather and atmosphere. Atmospheric scientists, climatologists, hydrologists,
More informationThe Atmosphere. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems
The Atmosphere 1 How big is the atmosphere? Why is it cold in Geneva? Why do mountaineers need oxygen on Everest? 2 A relatively thin layer of gas over the Earths surface Earth s radius ~ 6400km Atmospheric
More informationClimate change: How do we know?
Climate change: How do we know? This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased
More informationThe Missing Greenhouse Signature
The Missing Greenhouse Signature Introduction Dr David Evans (david.evans@sciencespeak.com) 21 July 2008 Background Briefing Each possible cause of global warming has a different pattern of where in the
More informationDo Now pg 87. Solve this riddle!
Do Now pg 87 Solve this riddle! You can t see me You can t taste me You can t feel me But you need me I kill 7 million people a year But you kill what keeps me clear What am I? Lesson 15.1 Earth s Atmosphere
More informationIntroduction to HadGEM2-ES. Crown copyright Met Office
Introduction to HadGEM2-ES Earth System Modelling How the climate will evolve depends on feedbacks Ecosystems Aerosols Chemistry Global-scale impacts require ES components Surface temperature Insolation
More informationSpectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption
More informationCharacterisation of atmospheric aerosol sampled from an aircraft using scanning electron microscopy
School of Earth and Environment INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Characterisation of atmospheric aerosol sampled from an aircraft using scanning electron microscopy Alberto Sánchez-Marroquín,
More informationKlimaänderung. Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen
Klimaänderung Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen Vorlesung WS 2017/18 LMU München 7. Wolken und Aerosole Contents of IPCC 2013 Working
More informationLecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium
More informationChemistry of SO 2 in tropospheric volcanic plumes
Chemistry of SO 2 in tropospheric volcanic plumes by Dr. Lizzette A. Rodríguez Iglesias Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus Photo: L. Rodriguez http://volcano-pictures.info/glossary/volcanic_gas.html
More informationSecondary Organic Aerosol Formation Mechanisms and Source Contributions in Europe
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Telephone: (+43 2236) 807 342 Fax: (+43 2236) 71313 E-mail: publications@iiasa.ac.at Internet: www.iiasa.ac.at
More informationName of research institute or organization: Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Umweltmineralogie
Name of research institute or organization: Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Umweltmineralogie Title of project: Single particle analysis of ice nuclei and interstitial
More informationSupplementary Figures
1 Supplementary Figures 2 3 4 5 6 7 Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic of the experimental setup. Juelich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC) is shown. SMPS: scanning mobility particle sizer; CPC: condensation
More informationInfluence of Organic-Containing Aerosols on Marine Boundary Layer Processes
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Influence of Organic-Containing Aerosols on Marine Boundary Layer Processes John H. Seinfeld California Institute of Technology,
More informationIndices of Refraction of Absorptive Aerosol Their Importance and Complexity
Indices of Refraction of Absorptive Aerosol Their Importance and Complexity Steven T Massie NCAR Earth System Laboratory HITRAN Cambridge, Massachusetts June 16-18, 2010 NCAR is sponsored by the National
More informationIncremental Aerosol Reactivity: Application to Aromatic and Biogenic Hydrocarbons
Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 2403-2408 Incremental Aerosol Reactivity: Application to Aromatic and Biogenic Hydrocarbons ROBERT J. GRIFFI, DAVID R. COCKER III, AD JOH H. SEIFELD*, Department of Chemical
More informationOptimal Estimation Retrieval of Aerosol Microphysical Properties in the Lower Stratosphere from SAGE II Satellite Observations
Optimal Estimation Retrieval of Aerosol Microphysical Properties in the Lower Stratosphere from SAGE II Satellite Observations A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
More informationThe PRECIS Regional Climate Model
The PRECIS Regional Climate Model General overview (1) The regional climate model (RCM) within PRECIS is a model of the atmosphere and land surface, of limited area and high resolution and locatable over
More informationLesson 1 Substances and Mixtures
Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Launch Lab 8 Content Vocabulary 9 Lesson Outline 10 MiniLab 12 Content Practice A 13 Content Practice B 14 School to Home 15 Key Concept Builders 16 Enrichment
More informationImpact of Atmoshpheric Brown Clouds (ABCs) on Agriculture. Dr.A.K.Gogoi, ADG(Agro) ICAR, New Delhi- 12
Impact of Atmoshpheric Brown Clouds (ABCs) on Agriculture Dr.A.K.Gogoi, ADG(Agro) ICAR, New Delhi- 12 What are ABCs Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC s ) are regional scale slums of air pollution that consists
More information