Jesper H. Christensen NERI-ATMI, Frederiksborgvej Roskilde

Transcription

1 Jesper H. Christensen NERI-ATMI, Frederiksborgvej Roskilde

2 The model work is financially supported by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency with means from the MIKA/DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region It is a part of the Danish contribution to the international AMAP programme Purpose: Study the long-range transport in the troposphere of pollutants into the Arctic Developed since In the beginning only for Sulphur, later Lead and now also with a full photochemical scheme and Mercury.

3 Direct coupling to ECMWF data, no MM5 meteorological preprocessor Simplified linear sulphur chemistry 7 6 Contribution from Asia 0.2 mg S/m 2 /month 2.4% Contribution from North America 0.4 mg S/m 2 /month 5.6% height in km Contribution from Europe 2.2 mg S/m 2 /month 33.2% Contribution from Norilsk 1.4 mg S/m 2 /month 21.6% Contribution from USSR 2.2 mg S/m 2 /month 33.2% SO x concentration in g S/m 3 Contribution in to SO x Asia N. America Europe Kola Pen. Norilsk Russia Contribution from Kola Peninsula 0.3 mg S/m 2 /month 4.0% The total deposition is 7 mg S/m 2 /month

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5 Hydrostatisk version (version 2) 150 km resolution at 60 N, 50 km for nested domain 97x97 horizontal grid-points (for mother domain and 100x100 horizontal gridpoints for nested domain) and 20 vertical layers Mixed Phase (Reisner) explicit moisture Betts-Miller cumulus parametrization MRF boundary layer parametrization with 5 layer soil model Cloud-radiation scheme

6 Input data: Met data from ECMWF, 2.5 x2.5 lat-lon, 12 hour resolution, 21 years data from 1979 to 2000 Output every 3 hours Only run for 1990 to 2000 for hemispheric domain and for 1995 and 1998 to 2000 for Europe (50 km) 1 month for Greenland (50 km) as demonstration

7 Full three dimensional advection-diffusion equations 150 km grid resolution (Mother domain) 20 vertical levels up to 16 km Dry deposition based on the resistance method with 8 different surfaces Wet deposition based on scavenging coefficients Numerical methods: Horizontal advection: Accurate Space Derivatives with nonperiodic boundary conditions and 2-way nesting capabilities Vertical advection: Finite Elements Diffusion: Finite Elements

8 Nested version of DEHM a demonstration with the simplified sulphur version 150 km resolution 50 km resolution

9 The monthly mean concentrations for SO X 150 km resolution 50 km resolution

10 Mercury version of DEHM Mercury model with GKSS chemistry Gas phase pollutants: Hg 0, HgO, HgCl 2 and particulate Hg 9 aqueous phase pollutants Chemistry depending on O 3, SO 2, Cl - and Soot During the polar sunrise in the Arctic an additional fast oxidation rate of Hg 0 to HgO is assumed From Petersen et al. (1998) Wet removal rates for all aqueous phase pollutants as for Sulphate Dry deposition velocity for HgO and HgCl 2 as for HNO 3 and for particulate Hg as for Sulphate

11 Examples of results with mercury model

12 Photochemical version of DEHM Pollutants: 54 species, more than 110 chemical reactions, chemistry scheme similar to the EMEP oxidant model Emissions: Global GEIA emissions of anthropogenic emissions of SO X and NO X, NO X from lightning and soil and Isoprene form vegetation, all on 1 x 1 global EDGAR inventory on 1 x 1 for anthropogenic hydrocarbons SO X and NO X for Europe from EMEP Has been run for whole 1998

13 Purpose with the photochemical version Improvement of the parameterization of the chemistry compared to the simple sulfur model Provided necessary input concentrations for the Mercury model Be a useful contribution for the understanding of the atmospheric chemistry in the Arctic, especially during the Polar Sunrise in connection with field measurements Provided necessary hemispheric background concentrations for the regional models, e.g. for Europe

14 NO 2 mean concentrations

15 Ozone mean concentrations

16 Example of ozone transport into the North Atlantic

17 Some validations 75 O 3 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC NO 2 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1998 Calculated Observed Correlation 0.75 O 3 NO Deuselbach, Germany observed calculated

18 75 O 3 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC NO 2 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1998 O 3 NO 2 Calculated Observed Correlation 0.76 Donon, France calculated

19 O 3 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC NO 2 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1998 O 3 NO 2 Calculated Observed Correlation 0.65 High Muffles, United Kingdom calculated

20 Ozone in the Arctic 40 O 3 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC NO 2 in ppbv JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1998 O 3 NO 2 Calculated Observed Correlation Spitzbergen, Norway calculated

21 Continuing the work with parameterization of background chemistry, coupling with aqueous chemistry Nested model calculations for Europe Improve parameterization of Arctic chemistry, coupling with GOME measurement of BrO, coupled to measurements in the Arctic in order to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of the depletion March 1998 From Richter et al. (1997)

22 The model work is financially supported by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency with means from the MIKA/DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region