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1 Activity Outline This is a brief introduction to the Multiwavelength Universe classroom activity. There is at least hours of material here, so pick and choose accordingly, or split across wavelengths and cover in multiple sessions. Slides are provided for the teacher to illustrate all the sections. Introduction What is EM radiation? (5-10 minutes) o Inc. list of wavelengths in EM spectrum (few minutes) o Wavelength and frequency Optional extra: Herschel introduction (variable length) Black Body Radiation (A-level only mins) o Inc. Wein s displacement law Optional extra: Draw Black Body curves on the board Optional extra: telescope resolutions (A-level only mins) o Introduce θ~λ/d o Calculate resolution for e.g. Hubble, Lovell, Spitzer, Herschel Spectrum activities (optional) Emission examples at each wavelength (15-20 mins) o Fill in wavelength summary sheet o Frequency and temperature suggested for A-level students only o Ask for examples in real life o Ask and/or give examples in astronomy Wavelength matching activity (recommended) Match objects at different wavelengths (30 mins) o Suggest groups of 2-3 students o Suggested illustrative examples (easier): Crab Nebula, or Cas A o and are quite hard to match o After ~20-25mins, swap sheets and mark scores Additional research (optional) In their groups of 2-3, or individually Use links provided to find more information about objects (30 mins) o Suitable questions suggested in question sheet o Possible homework activity... o Optional: introduce them to Chromoscope Optional extra: report back to class Optional extra: design poster about objects (template available in package) For any questions, or to get more details, please contact: Chris North School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University chris.north@astro.cf.ac.uk Tel: Or visit
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3 Multiwavelength Objects For the objects below, write down the numbers of the corresponding images at other wavelengths. Crab Ultraviolet Centaurus A Antennae Cassiopeia A Large Magellanic Cloud Ultraviolet Triangulum Ultraviolet
4 Orion Near-Infrared Far-IR M81 Ultraviolet M87 Sombrero Near-Infrared M82 Andromeda Ultraviolet
5 Links to Objects Below are links to the various objects. The codes in brackets are the name you may find it under. Links are given for finding the object in Chromoscope, as well as a few other links to more details. Using Chromosope: Click the link to open Chromoscope with the object centred. Use the + and - keys (or buttons on the screen) to zoom in and out, and drag the sky around to explore the region. Turn on and off constellation labels buy pressing L Use the slider in the top right to fade between wavelengths shown. You can re-order the wavelengths by dragging their names in order to easily compare different wavelengths. For more help, press the h key. Crab (M1) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m1.html Chandra: Spitzer: Herschel: Centaurus A (NGC 5128) Chromoscope: &b= &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/cena.html Chandra: Herschel:
6 Antennae (NGC 4038) Chromoscope: &b= &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/ant.html Chandra: Spitzer: Antennae-Galaxies Cassiopeia A (Cas A) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/casa.html Chandra: Spitzer: Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/lmc.html Herschel: Triangulum (M33) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m33.html Spitzer: Triangulum-Galaxy-3-Channel
7 Orion (M42) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: Chandra: Spitzer: Vista: M81 Chromoscope: =6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m81.html Chandra: Spitzer: M87 Chromoscope: &b= &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m87.html Chandra: Sombrero (M104) Chromoscope: &b= &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m104.html Chandra: Spitzer:
8 M82 Chromoscope: =6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m82.html Chandra: Andromeda (M31) Chromoscope: &w=2.00&o=g,x,v,a,f,m,r&z=6 Wikipedia: multiwavelength_museum/m31.html Chandra: Spitzer: Herschel:
9 Further Research 1) What object are you looking at? Describe what it looks like at first sight. 2) Describe where it is in the sky. Is it in the Northern or Southern hemisphere as seen from Earth? Are there any nearby constellations? 3) How far away is it? Is that inside or outside our Galaxy? 4) Describe what type of object it is. Can you find any other pictures of it? 5) Does it look particularly different in any particular wavelengths? Does that tell you anything about it?
10 6) What can you learn by comparing the appearance of the object at different wavelengths? What is it made of? 7) What is happening to the object? Is it doing anything?
11 Wavelength Summary Table Spectral regime Gamma Ray Wavelength Frequency Temperature Types of objects <20 pm >1500 PHz >15,000,000 K nm PHz 300,000-15,000,000 K Ultraviolet (UV) nm PHz ,000 K Visible nm THz K Near- Infrared (NIR) m THz K Midinfrared (MIR) 3-30 m THz K Farinfrared (FIR) m 1-10 THz K Sub-mm and millimetre mm THz 1-10 K Microwave 3-30 mm GHz 0.1-1K >30 mm <10 GHz <0.1 K
12 Multiwavelength Objects (Answers) For the objects below, write down the numbers of the corresponding images at other wavelengths. Crab Centaurus A X4 Ultraviolet U5 F7 R9 Antennae X3 M7 F8 R7 Cassiopeia A X5 M6 F1 R8 X6 M2 F2 R11 Large Magellanic Cloud Triangulum X1 Ultraviolet U4 F3 R10 X8 Ultraviolet U1 M4 R2
13 Orion X2 Near-Infrared N1 M3 Far-IR/Microwave F9 M81 X12 Ultraviolet U2 F5 R1 M87 Sombrero X9 M5 F4 R4 M82 X10 Near-Infrared N2 M1 R3 Andromeda X11 M8 F6 R5 X7 Ultraviolet U3 F10 R6
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