Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/20
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1 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) Ludovic SZEMENDERA - Xlim Photonics PhD supervisors : F. REYNAUD and L. GROSSARD Monday 14 th march 016 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/0
2 Contents 1 General framework Theory and technologies 3 In-lab results 4 Conclusion and broad perspectives Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) /0
3 1 General framework Theory and technologies 3 In-lab results 4 Conclusion and broad perspectives Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 3/0
4 Several instrument projects adapted for MIR and FIR have already been proposed : Their sensitivities are limited by the noise generated by optical elements (black body emissions) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 3/0
5 Advantages of the synthetic aperture and nonlinear optics combination nc = np+ns lp lc ls Transposing infrared signal into visible or NIR domain Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 4/0
6 Advantages of the synthetic aperture and nonlinear optics combination nc = np+ns lp lc ls Transposing infrared signal into visible or NIR domain avoid noise linked to the detection chain ; Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 4/0
7 Advantages of the synthetic aperture and nonlinear optics combination nc = np+ns lp lc ls Transposing infrared signal into visible or NIR domain avoid noise linked to the detection chain ; allows to benefit optical guided elements (fibers) ; Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 4/0
8 Advantages of the synthetic aperture and nonlinear optics combination nc = np+ns lp lc ls Transposing infrared signal into visible or NIR domain avoid noise linked to the detection chain ; allows to benefit optical guided elements (fibers) ; allows to realise spectral filtering (tunable) ; Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 4/0
9 Advantages of the synthetic aperture and nonlinear optics combination nc = np+ns lp lc ls Transposing infrared signal into visible or NIR domain avoid noise linked to the detection chain ; allows to benefit optical guided elements (fibers) ; allows to realise spectral filtering (tunable) ; allows to benefit efficient detectors (silicon). Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 4/0
10 1 General framework Theory and technologies 3 In-lab results 4 Conclusion and broad perspectives Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 5/0
11 Frequency transposition thanks to sum frequency generation We use SUM FREQUENCES (SFG) nd order nonlinear process ( χ ()) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 5/0
12 Frequency transposition thanks to sum frequency generation We use SUM FREQUENCES (SFG) nd order nonlinear process ( χ ()) no intrinsic noise (Louisel) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 5/0
13 Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) It is led by two equations : power conservation : ν c = ν p + ν s Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 6/0
14 Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) It is led by two equations : power conservation : ν c = ν p + ν s Quasi Phase Matching condition : k = πn p λ p + πn s λ s πn c λ c π Λ = 0 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 6/0
15 Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) It is led by two equations : power conservation : ν c = ν p + ν s Quasi Phase Matching condition : k = πn p + πn s λ p λ s πn c λ c π Λ = 0 normalised efficiency is given by : ( ) kl η n (ν s,ν p )=sinc η norm Normalised conversion efficiency dλ s = 1.7nm / C dt T = C T = 19.0 C Signal source (HeNe laser) λ s =.11nm λ s (nm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 6/0
16 Our nonlinear crystals : PPLN l s = 3,39mm Dichroic mirror Taper L=1,84mm l p = 1065nm l c = 810nm PPLN : Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 7/0
17 Our nonlinear crystals : PPLN l s = 3,39mm Dichroic mirror Taper Key features of the crystals given by the university of Paderborn (Germany ) : they are guided (single ; L=1,84mm l p = 1065nm l c = 810nm PPLN : Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 7/0
18 Our nonlinear crystals : PPLN l s = 3,39mm L=1,84mm Dichroic mirror Taper l p = 1065nm Key features of the crystals given by the university of Paderborn (Germany ) : they are guided (single ; they have got "tapers" ; l c = 810nm PPLN : Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 7/0
19 Our nonlinear crystals : PPLN l s = 3,39mm L=1,84mm Dichroic mirror Taper l p = 1065nm l c = 810nm Key features of the crystals given by the university of Paderborn (Germany ) : they are guided (single ; they have got "tapers" ; they have an HR nm ; PPLN : Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 7/0
20 Our nonlinear crystals : PPLN l s = 3,39mm L=1,84mm Dichroic mirror Taper l p = 1065nm l c = 810nm PPLN : Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Key features of the crystals given by the university of Paderborn (Germany ) : they are guided (single ; they have got "tapers" ; they have an HR nm ; their output face is slanted (Fresnel s reflection nm). Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 7/0
21 Cristal s temperature control PPLN s temperature are controlled in order to : Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 8/0
22 Cristal s temperature control PPLN s temperature are controlled in order to : obtain a tunable spectral filtering ; Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 8/0
23 Cristal s temperature control PPLN s temperature are controlled in order to : obtain a tunable spectral filtering ; avoid temperature gradients (better efficiency and stability). Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 8/0
24 1 General framework Theory and technologies 3 In-lab results 4 Conclusion and broad perspectives Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 9/0
25 In-lab setup ls l M Spectrum HeNe 3.39µm BS M 3.39 µm stag e L1 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 9/0
26 In-lab setup ls HeNe 3.39µm l Spectrum M M BS L1 M 3.39 µm stag e PPLN L1 SFG stag e M L3 P L3 P 1065nm Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 9/0
27 In-lab setup ls HeNe 3.39µm l Spectrum M BS M 3.39 µm stag e PPLN D L1 SFG stag e P Filters M M D L1 P Filters L3 L3 L Singlemode optical fibre L Singlemode optical fibre Piezo-electric modulator d t Delay line Delay line Detector 810 nm stag 1065nm e lc lp ls l Spectrum Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 9/0
28 Efficiency measurement L1 PS measuring point PPLN P D Filters M PP measuring point L3 1065nm L Singlemode optical fibre PC measuring point Delay line lc lp ls l Spectrum Shäffter + filters Coupler Detector PS : signal power (λs = 3.39 µm) PC : converted signal power (λc = 810 nm) PP : pump power (λp = 1064 nm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 10/0
29 Efficiency measurement L1 PS measuring point PPLN P D Filters M PP measuring point L3 1065nm L Singlemode optical fibre PC measuring point Delay line lc lp ls l Spectrum PS : signal power (λs = 3.39 µm) PC : converted signal power (λc = 810 nm) η= Shäffter + filters Coupler Detector PC PS According to this definition, η includes : SFG efficiency PP : pump power (λp = 1064 nm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 10/0
30 Efficiency measurement L1 PS measuring point PPLN P D Filters M PP measuring point L3 1065nm L Singlemode optical fibre PC measuring point Delay line lc lp ls l Spectrum PS : signal power (λs = 3.39 µm) PC : converted signal power (λc = 810 nm) PP : pump power (λp = 1064 nm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) η= Shäffter + filters Coupler Detector PC PS According to this definition, η includes : SFG efficiency insertion losses 10/0
31 Efficiency measurement L1 PS measuring point PPLN P D Filters M PP measuring point L3 1065nm L Singlemode optical fibre PC measuring point Delay line lc lp ls l Spectrum PS : signal power (λs = 3.39 µm) PC : converted signal power (λc = 810 nm) PP : pump power (λp = 1064 nm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) η= Shäffter + filters Coupler Detector PC PS According to this definition, η includes : SFG efficiency insertion losses losses due to filtering 10/0
32 I max First in-lab results with a high flux MIR source Experimental time fringes Fringes SPD I norm B norm (ν) Peak at zero frequency Fringes peak Experimental conditions P s 500µW η Time (ms) I min Frequency (Hz) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 11/0
33 I max First in-lab results with a high flux MIR source Experimental time fringes Fringes SPD I norm B norm (ν) Peak at zero frequency Fringes peak Experimental conditions P s 500µW η Time (ms) I min Frequency (Hz) We got first interferometric fringes from a converted signal at 810 nm from a MIR signal at 3.39µm C DSP = B(ν i) B 0 Measured contrast is 97.%. Publication : In-lab ALOHA mid-infrared up-conversion interferometer with high fringe - MNRAS vol n 3 - fev.016 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 11/0
34 Method of contrast measurement in photon counting regime P s Time interferogram Time Mesures du contraste 1 time frame acquisition (single photon counting module) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/0
35 Method of contrast measurement in photon counting regime P s FFT(P s) = B(n) Time interferogram Time Spectral Power Density Mesures du contraste 1 time frame acquisition (single photon counting module) calculation of the SPD on each frame (VI LabView ) B(n) fringes peack Frequency n Noise Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/0
36 Method of contrast measurement in photon counting regime P s FFT(P s) = B(n) B(n) Time interferogram Time Spectral Power Density fringes peack Mesures du contraste 1 time frame acquisition (single photon counting module) calculation of the SPD on each frame (VI LabView ) 3 integration : summation on all SPD (VI LabView ) Frequency n Noise Sframes RSB= B(n ) f s[b( n i )] s[b( n i )] Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/0
37 Method of contrast measurement in photon counting regime P s FFT(P s) = B(n) B(n) Time interferogram Time Spectral Power Density fringes peack Mesures du contraste 1 time frame acquisition (single photon counting module) calculation of the SPD on each frame (VI LabView ) 3 integration : summation on all SPD (VI LabView ) Sframes Frequency n RSB= B(n ) f s[b( n i )] s[b( n i )] Noise Experimental conditions Frame time : 400 ms Number of frames : from 300 to 100 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 1/0
38 Contrast calculation B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > ( + EODC) N hn B = N mod + <N > nf cp <N > cp N mod s n Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
39 Contrast calculation B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > B(ν f ) N mod : converted photons (on fringe channel) ( + EODC) N hn B = N mod + <N > nf cp <N > cp N mod s n Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
40 Contrast calculation ( + EODC) N hn B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > B = N mod + <N > nf cp B(ν f ) N mod : converted photons (on fringe channel) N cp t : average number of photons <N > cp N mod s n Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
41 Contrast calculation ( + EODC) N hn B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > B = N mod + <N > nf cp B(ν f ) N mod : converted photons (on fringe channel) N cp t : average number of photons <N > cp N mod s n B 0 N hν : converted photons Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
42 Contrast calculation ( + EODC) N hn B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > B = N mod + <N > nf cp B(ν f ) N mod : converted photons (on fringe channel) N cp t : average number of photons <N > cp N mod s n B 0 N hν : converted photons EODC : electro-optic dark count Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
43 Contrast calculation ( + EODC) N hn B(n) B 0= ( N hn + EODC ) + <N cp > B = N mod + <N > nf cp B(ν f ) N mod : converted photons (on fringe channel) N cp t : average number of photons <N > cp N mod s n B 0 N hν : converted photons EODC : electro-optic dark count Contrast calculation C = Bνf N cp t B0 N cp t EODC Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 13/0
44 Thermal background ls = 3.39µm l SFG Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 14/0
45 Thermal background ls = 3.39µm l SFG Blackbody emission 9 1e9 λmax=.5µm 8 Lλ (W/m /str) 7 T = 1150K T = 1000K T = 850K λmax=.9µm λmax=3.4µm λ (µm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 14/0
46 Thermal background 350 Blackbody emission at 0 C NS (1000 h /s/mode) ls = 3.39µm 00 l At 3.39 m NS = h /s/mode SFG Blackbody emission 9 1e9 λmax=.5µm 8 Lλ (W/m /str) λs ( m) T = 1150K T = 1000K T = 850K λmax=.9µm λmax=3.4µm λ (µm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 14/0
47 Thermal background 350 Blackbody emission at 0 C NS (1000 h /s/mode) ls = 3.39µm 00 l At 3.39 m NS = h /s/mode SFG Blackbody emission 9 1e9 λmax=.5µm 8 Lλ (W/m /str) 7 T = 1150K T = 1000K T = 850K 3 λmax=.9µm λmax=3.4µm 3.4 λs ( m) Experimentally With 100 mw pump power, we observe 0cp/s due to thermal effects λ (µm) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 14/0
48 Parametric fluorescence and cascading effect λ p = 1064nm Principal 1 a pump photon generates a signal photon and an idler one λ i = 1550nm λ s = 3.39μm Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 15/0
49 Parametric fluorescence and cascading effect λ p = 1064nm λ i = 1550nm λ s = 3.39μm Principal 1 a pump photon generates a signal photon and an idler one the signal photon is recombined with a pump photon (SFG) to produce a photon at 810 nm λ p = 1064nm λ c = 810nm Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 15/0
50 Parametric fluorescence and cascading effect λ p = 1064nm λ i = 1550nm λ s = 3.39μm Principal 1 a pump photon generates a signal photon and an idler one the signal photon is recombined with a pump photon (SFG) to produce a photon at 810 nm λ p = 1064nm λ c = 810nm Experimentally With 100 mw pump power, we observe 0cp/s due to parametric fluorescence. Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 15/0
51 Results on the photon counting regime Signal on each interferometric arm ( 10 7 photons/s) contrast : 98.6% signal to noise ratio : SNR and Contrast evolution SNR 100 SNR = C = % C 50 Signal power (MIR) : 1.0 pw Number of measures 90 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 16/0
52 Results on the photon counting regime Signal on each interferometric arm ( 10 7 photons/s) contrast : 98.6% signal to noise ratio : 190 Signal on each interferometric arm ( 10 6 photons/s) contrast : 94% signal to noise ratio : SNR and Contrast evolution SNR and Contrast evolution SNR 100 SNR = C = % C SNR 3 SNR = 6.7 C = % 00 C 50 Signal power (MIR) : 1.0 pw Signal power (MIR) : 80.0 fw Number of measures Number of measures 50 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 16/0
53 1 General framework Theory and technologies 3 In-lab results 4 Conclusion and broad perspectives Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
54 Conclusion : overview of done work At the moment, ALOHA project has a promising balance : 1 building and tests with the in-lab set up Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
55 Conclusion : overview of done work At the moment, ALOHA project has a promising balance : 1 building and tests with the in-lab set up first fringes with a high flux source Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
56 Conclusion : overview of done work At the moment, ALOHA project has a promising balance : 1 building and tests with the in-lab set up first fringes with a high flux source MNRAS february 016 Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
57 Conclusion : overview of done work At the moment, ALOHA project has a promising balance : 1 building and tests with the in-lab set up first fringes with a high flux source MNRAS february first fringes on the photon counting regime Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
58 Conclusion : overview of done work At the moment, ALOHA project has a promising balance : 1 building and tests with the in-lab set up first fringes with a high flux source MNRAS february first fringes on the photon counting regime publication in progress Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 17/0
59 Broad perspectives New tracks for the future : 1 improvement on performances (new crystals, architecture, etc) Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 18/0
60 Broad perspectives New tracks for the future : 1 improvement on performances (new crystals, architecture, etc) fringes with a blackbody source Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 18/0
61 Broad perspectives New tracks for the future : 1 improvement on performances (new crystals, architecture, etc) fringes with a blackbody source 3 implementation on site Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 18/0
62 Thank you for your attention Implementation of ALOHA up-conversion interferometer at 3.39µm (L band) 19/0
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