9th international Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in industry and Science. Laboratory for Process Measurement

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1 Proceedings volume 1 9th international Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in industry and Science Editor-in-Chief: Davor Zvizdic Editors: Lovorka Grgec Bermanec Tomislav stasic Tomislav Veliki University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Laboratory for Process Measurement TIB/UB Hannover in cooperation with IMEKO Technical Committee 12 Temperature and Thermal Measurements

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 Introduction Committees III XVII Plenary Lectures 1 Temperature scales from the early days of thermometry to the 21 st century 3 T. Quinn Towards a new definition of the kelvin: Ways to go 13 J. Fischer, B. Fellmuth, J. Seidel, W. Buck Trust but verify - practical approaches to humidity generation and measurement Hardy Temperature amplifier by means of coupled gas-controlled heat-pipes 33 P. Marcarino, G. Bonnier Thermal conductivity of molten materials, is experiment necessary? 49 C.A. Nieto de Castro The realization and the dissemination of the detector-based kelvin 59 H.W. Yoon, C.E. Gibson, D.W. Allen, R.D. Saunders, M.Litorja, S.W. Brown, G.P. Eppeldauer, K.R. Lykke Fundamental Aspects and Standards Thermodynamic Temperature Determinations 71 Dielectric-constant gas thermometry and determination of the Boltzmann constant 73 B.Fellmuth, J.Fischer, C.Gaiser, N.Haft Realization of the ITS-90 using the helium-3 interpolating gas thermometer of NMIJ/AIST 79 O.Tamura, S.Takasu, H.Sakurai Towards a rayleigh scattering primary thermometer 85 M. de Podesta, G. Edwards Thermodynamic temperature measurementsof metal-carbon eutectic fixed points 91 R. Goebel, Y. Yamada, M. Stock Absolute detector-based radiometric temperature scale 101 M. Noorma, P. Karha, T. Jankowski, F. Manoocheri, T. Weckstrom, L. Uusipaikka, E. Ikonen Consistency of the freezing temperature of silver and copper assigned by ITS K. Ali TEMPMEKO 2004 Page I

3 Temperature determination of the Ag- and Au-freezing points using a detector-based radiation thermometer 113 H.W. Yoon, D.W. Allen, C.E. Gibson, M. Litorja, R.D. Saunders, S.W. Brown, G.P. Eppeldauer, K.R. Lykke Thermodynamic temperature determination in high temperature range at BNM-INM 119 S. Briaudeau, B. Rougie, M. Fanjeaux, M. Sadli, G. Bonnier, A. Richard, J.M. Coutin, J. Bastie Comparison of the NIST radiance temperature scale with the detector-based radiance temperature scale from 1200 K to 2800 K 127 C.E. Gibson, D.W. Allen, G.P. Eppeldauer, H.W. Yoon Temperature Scales and Fixed Points 133 Realisation of the International Temperature Scales in the cryogenic range at PTB 135 B. Fellmuth, J. Engert, A. Hoffmann, B. Thiele-Krivoj, L. Wolber Interpolating gas thermometry with a cryogenic absolute pressure sensor 141 P.P.M. Steur, I. Peroni, D. Ferri, F. Pavese Anomalous increase of heat capacity below the triple point ofe-h 2 caused by porous catalyst 147 T. Nakano, O. Tamura, H. Sakurai The triple point of xenon 153 K.D. Hill, A.G. Steele Melting curves of low temperature fixed points of the ITS-90 using sealed cells 159 T. Nakano, O. Tamura, H. Sakurai Low-temperature fixed points realization using a cryogen-free refrigerator 165 D. Ferri, D. Ichim, F. Pavese, I. Peroni, F. Sparasci, P.P.M. Steur On the properties of hyper-eutectic metal-carbon fixed points 171 Y. Yamada, P. Bloembergen Development of metal-carbon eutectic based high-temperature fixed-points for reproducibility studies 177 D. Lowe, G. Machin Measurements of the melting and freezing plateaus ofre-c eutectic fixed-point blackbodies 183 E.R. Woolliams, B.B. Khlevnoy, N.J. Harrison, S.R. Montgomery, D.H. Lowe, N.P. Fox, S.A. Ogarev, V.B. Khromchenko, V.I. Sapritsky Thermodynamic temperature measurements of the melting curves of Re-C, TiC-C And ZrC-C eutectic irradiance mode fixed-point cells 189 J. Hartmann, K. Anhalt, P. Sperfeld, J. Holland M. Sakharov, B. Khlevnoy, Yu. Pikalev, S. Ogarev, V. Sapritsky Dependence of iron-carbon eutectic melting on pre-freezing rate and annealing conditions 195 N. Sasajima, Y. Yamada, P. Bloembergen, Y. Ono Development of fixed points above 2700 K based on M-C and MC-C eutectics at VNIIOFI for radiation thermometry and radiometry 203 B.B. Khlevnoy, V.I. Sapritsky, S.A. Ogarev, M.K. Sakharov, M.L. Samoylov, Yu.A. Pikalev Page IV TEMPMEKO 2004

4 The numerical analyses of the temperature gradients inside the fixed-point cell 209 V. Batagelj, J. Bojkovski, J. Drnovsek Impurity dependence of the Cu-Ag eutectic melting temperatures 215 J. Ancsin Realization of the freezing points of indium, tin and zinc using stainless steel-cased cells 221 X. Li, M. Zhao, D. Chen The "temperature amplifier" for very accurate temperature measurements between Al and Ag fixed points 227 A. Merlone, P. Marcarino An experimental and theoretical analysis of the effect of impurities on the adiabatic melting curve of silver 233 P. Jimeno-Largo, P. Bloembergen, J. Ancsin Assessment of high temperature metal fixed-points on the basis of continous freezing method 239 J.V. Widiatmo, H. Katsuhiko, M. Arai Realization of the fixed point in different types of thermal enclousers 245 J. Bojkovski, V. Batagelj, M. Hiti Dissolved glass in triple-point-of-water cells 251 D.R. White, C.J. Downes, T.D. Dransfield, R.S. Mason Fabrication of the iodine triple-point cell 257 M. Gotoh, J..Ode On the reproducibility of water triple point temperature 261 S.F. Gerasimov, A.G. Ivanova, A.Yu. Ilin, A.I. Pokhodun The peculiarities of phase transition of Ga-Sn eutectic alloys 267 A. Ivanova, S. Gerasimov, M. Elgourdou, E. Renaot Investigation of the ITS-90 sub-range inconsistencies for 25.5 Q SPRT's in the range 0 C C 271 M.G. Ahmed Realisation of ITS-90 in the range of K to K at national metrology laboratory (NML), SIRIM, Malaysia 275 Z. Mahamood, H. Othman, Md. Nor Md. Chik NIM development of the triple point of water cells of high quality 283 X. Yan, P. Qiu, Y. Wang, H. Wu, Y. Feng, Z. Zhang Effects of water sources on the triple point temperature of water 289 X. Yan, H. Wu, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Feng, P. Qiu Recent measurements at NRC concerning the triple point of hydrogen 295 K.D. Hill, A.G. Steele Comparison of "VAR" deuterium triple point cells 301 A.G. Steele, D.I. Head Investigation of new mercury triple-point cells and dry cooler made of thermoelectric modules 307 K.S. Gam, K.H. Kang, Y.G. Kim Buoyancy effects on the temperature realised by triple-point-of-water cells 313 D.R. White, T. Dransfield TEMPMEKO 2004 Page V

5 Development and investigation of high- temperature fixed point based on TiC-C eutectic 319 M.K. Sakharov, B.B. Khlevnoy, V.I. Sapritsky, M.L. Samoylov, S.A. Ogarev The gallium point, an alternative reference temperature to the water triple point 325 J.P. Tavener Influence of thermodynamic conditions of the SPRT-DFP system on characteristics of pure metal freezing 331 S. Duris, P. Nemecek, J. Ranostaj Numerical analysis of the temperature drop across the cavity bottom of high-temperature fixed points for radiation thermometry 335 P. Jimeno-Largo, Y. Yamada, P. Bloembergen, M.A. Villamanan, G. Machin Review of metal-carbon eutectic temperatures: Proposal for new ITS-90 secondary points 341 M. Sadli, J. Fischer, Y. Yamada, V. Sapritsky, D. Lowe, G. Machin Humidity and Thermal Property Fundamentals 349 A critical review of second virial coefficients for water vapor with air and with argon 351 P.H. Huang, A.H. Harvey Calculation of humidity parameters and uncertainties using different formulations and softwares 357 A.F. Orlando, J.D. Brionizio, L.A. Lima Primary Standards 367 Toward more accurate temperature fixed points, the EUROMET Project N G. Bonnier, E. Renaot, Y. Hermier Maintenance and dissemination of the triple point of water value using the least squares method 377 D. del Campo, V. Chimenti Realization of the 3 He vapour pressure scale at NMIJ using a continuous operating system 383 T. Shimazaki, O. Tamura Evaluation of superconductive reference device SRD1000 prototypes 389 A. Peruzzi, M.J. de Groot, V. Goudon, M. Meschke, H. Godfrin, J. Engert, B. Fellmuth, Y. Hermier, L. Pitre, C. Rives, G. Bonnier, S. Schottl, R. Rusby Instrumentation, Methods and Sensors Resistance Thermometry 395 Measurement of the copper freezing point using high-temperature platinum resistance thermometers 397 M. Arai, K. Yamazawa, A. Kawata Experimental study on a 10-ohm high-temperature platinum resistance thermometer to 1000 "C 403 M. Zhao, X. Li, D. Chen, M. Newman Page VI TEMPMEKO 2004

6 Design improvement against the lead leakage effect for high temperature SPRTs up to 1085 "C 409 K. Yamazawa, M. Arai New Gas-Controlled Heat Pipes 415 A. Merlone, P. Marcarino, R. Dematteis, C. Bassani A new laboratory for Gas-Controlled Heat Pipes at IMGC 421 A. Merlone, P. Marcarino, A. Tiziani The resistance drift of platinum resistance thermometers 427 S.F. Tsai Improved design for 0.6-ohm HTPRTs: Reducing the leakage error and increasing the stability 433 N.P. Moiseeva Study into the effect of the platinum wire quality upon the instability of HTPRT 439 A.I. Pokhodun, E. Renaot, G. Bonnier, E.S. Studenok Thermoelectric Thermometry 445 Thermoelectric properties of a selected lot of gold versus platinum thermocouples 447 D.C. Ripple, G.W. Burns Thermoelectric inhomogeneity of metal-sheathed type K thermocouples 453 H. Liedberg Emf changes ofpt/pd thermocouples in the range from 1080 C to 1330 "C H. Ogura, K. Yamazawa, M. Izuchi, M. Arai Construction and investigation of six Pt/Pd thermocouples to be used as secondary standards 465 M. Astrua, M. Battuello, R. Dematteis, A. Mangano Emf changes of Pt/Pd thermocouples in the range 420 C to 1080 C 471 M. Izuchi, H. Ogura, H. Narushima, H. Numajiri, M. Arai Effects of heat treatment on the inhomogeneity of the Pt/Pd thermocouples at the silver freezing point 477 H. Numajiri, H. Ogura, M. Izuchi, M. Arai Noise, Acoustic and Electronic Thermometry 483 An EMI test for Johnson noise thermometry 485 D.R. White, R.S. Mason Metrological Coulomb blockade thermometer 491 L. Uusipaikka, J. Pekola, A. Manninen Coulomb blockade thermometry at NRC ' 497 A.L. Reesink, J. Lapointe, A.G. Steele Radiation Thermometry 503 An improved version of the IMGC InGaAs precision infrared thermometer 505 M. Battuello, F. Girard, T. Ricolfi UMPMEKO 2004 Page VII

7 Development of an infrared radiation thermometer and a large-opening zinc-point blackbody for the middle temperature standards 509 Y.Shimizu, J.lshii, F.Sakuma, A.Ono Fourier transform blackbody thermometry: Emissivity and detector linearity 515 A.G. Steele, N.L. Rowell, A.L. Reesink Methods to reduce the size-of-source effect in radiation thermometers 521 H.W. Yoon, D.W. Allen, R.D. Saunders Reduction of the size-of-source effect and distance dependency of a high precision infrared radiation thermometer 527 E. Schreiber, G. Neuer A method for tripling the effective width of a strip lamp filament using virtual superposition 533 M. Ballico Comparison of direct and indirect methods of spectral infrared emittance measurement 539 L. Hanssen, A. Prokhorov, V. Khromchenko, S. Mekhontsev Recent advances in high-speed polychromatic pyrometry 545 M. Sheindlin, C. Ronchi, W. Heinz Flash assisted multi-wavelength pyrometry (FAMP) 551 M. Musella, I. Alxneit, H.R. Tschudi Nonconventional two-color pyrometry at NMi-VSL 557 E.W. M. van der Ham, R. Bosma, P.R. Dekker Evaluation of the fixed-point cavity emissivity at NMIJ 563 F. Sakuma, L. Ma New high-temperature pyrolitic graphite blackbody sources for precision measurements in radiation thermometry 569 S.A. Ogarev, B.B. Khlevnoy, M.L. Samoylov, V.I. Shapoval, V.I. Sapritsky, M.K. Sakharov Method for the measurement of the effective emissivity of a cavity 575 C.K. Ma Emissivity evaluation of fixed point blackbodies 581 S. Mekhontsev, V. Khromchenko, A. Prokhorov, L. Hanssen New solar experimental method for melting plateau observation for refractory oxides in the range C 587 D. Hernandez, G. Olalde Solving the problems of radiation measurements of the true temperature of real (non-black) bodies 593 D.Ya. Svet Exploring the size-of-source and distance effects of radiation thermometers 599 K.D. Hill, D.J. Woods A lens-free InGaAs transfer radiation thermometer with an extended calibration range above 960 C 605 B. Gutschwager, S. Schiller, J. Hartmann, J. Hollandt Study of metal-carbon eutectic points: From construction to temperature determination 611 M. Sadli, F. Bourson, M. Fanjeaux, S. Briaudeau, B. Rougie, G. Bonnier Page VIII TEMPMEKO 2004

8 The MCZT, a candidate detector for low temperature radiation thermometry 617 B. Trinchera, M. Battuello, F. Girard Contact Thermometry 623 Mechanical stability of Pt/Pd thermocouples 625 F.Edler, H. Lehmann P-N Junction diode as a thermometer in the temperature range K 631 K.AIi, M.G.Ahmed Design and modelling of a surface temperature calibration system 635 F. Arpino, M. Dell'lsola, V. C. Femicola, A. Frattolillo, L. Rosso Ge-GaAs thermometers and multisensor for temperature and magnetic field measurements 643 V.F. Mitin, N.S. Boltovets, V.V. Basanets, V.V. Kholevchuk, I.Yu. Nemish, F. Pavese,, P.C. McDonald Measurement and Generation of Humidity 649 Preliminary investigation of the agreement between the temperature-related and mass-related trace moisture standards held at NPL 651 M. Stevens, S.A. Bell, R.M. Gee, T. Gardiner, A. Woolley Trace moisture measurement in high purity ammonia gas using cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy 657 W.B. Yan, Y Chen An evaluation of performance of trace moisture measurement methods 663 S.A. Bell, T. Gardiner, R.M. Gee, M. Stevens, K. Waterfield, A. Woolley An apparatus for testing humidity sensors at low temperatures 669 M. Heinonen, L. Uusipaikka A new humidity standard generator incorporating a magnetic suspension balance 677 K.H. Chan, H.W. Chen The NMIJ diffusion-tube/magnetic-suspension-balance humidity generator 683 H. Abe, H. Kitano, C. Takahashi Calculation and measurement of humidity at temperatures higher than 100 C 689 N. Bbse, H. Mitter Swelling effects of polymer humidity sensors 697 J. Hall, M. Langenbacher, M. Zubler, U. Demisch Application of CNT/Nafion composite material as low humidity sensor 705 H.W. Chen, K.H. Chan A method of resonant cavity perturbation for flowing steam wetness measurement 711 H. Zhonghe, Y. Kun Design and evaluation of a hybrid humidity generator 717 M.R. Mnguni, D. Jonker, V. Ramnath, H.G. Liedberg Measurement of adsorbed water for construction of a standard generator of trace moisture 723 H. Kitano, H. Abe, N. Ochi TEMPMEKO 2004 Page IX

9 Thermal Measurements 729 Measurement of the thermal and electrical resistances of granular beds 731 L.I. Kiss, C. Laberge Thermal behavior of water-in-oil microemulsions by Thermally Stimulated Depolarization and Differential Scanning Calorimetry 737 Da Senatra Adiabatic calorimetry for purity determination of Liquid organics at NMi VSL 745 R. Bosma, A. Baldan, M. Heemskerk, A. Peruzzi Calorimetric measurements in NIM for NIST reference material SRM720 (a - AI 2 O 3 ) 751 J.T. Zhang, Z.D. Yuan, P. Qiu, Y.N. Duan Improvement of heat flux meter calibration between 10 kw/m 2 and 70 kw/m 2 for laboratories 757 J.R. Filtz, I. Wetterlund, M. Ohlin, M. Lievre, T. Lemaire, J. Myllymaki, T. Valin Push-rod dilatometry measurements at IMGC 765 G.C. Bussolino, A. Actis, F. Girard Index of authors A1