Werner Heisenberg GESAMMELTE WERKE /COLLECTED WORKS

Transcription

1 Werner Heisenberg GESAMMELTE WERKE /COLLECTED WORKS

2 Werner Heisenberg GESAMMELTE WERKE /COLLECTED WORKS Abteilung I Series A Original Scientific Papers Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten Abteilung I Series B Scientific Review Papers, Talks, and Books Wissenschaftliche Ubersichtsartikel, Vortriige und Bucher Abteilung I Series C Philosophical and Popular Writings Allgemeinverstandliche Schriften The Gesammelte Werke I Colleaed Works of Werner Heisenberg are published jointly by R. Piper GmbH & Co KG Verlag, Miinchen, Zurich and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. The volumes of Series A and B are issued by Springer-Verlag, those of Series C by R. Piper Verlag.

3 Werner Heisenberg GESAMMELTE WERKE COLLECTED WORKS Edited by W. Blum, H. -P. Diirr, and H. Rechenberg Series B Scientific Review Papers, Talks, and Books Wissenschaftliche Ubersichtsartikel, Vortrage und Bucher Volume 1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1984

4 Dr. Walter Blum Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Diirr Dr. Helmut Rechenberg Max-Planck-Institut fiir Physik und Astrophysik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut fiir Physik Fohringer Ring 6, D-8000 Miinchen 40, Fed. Rep. of Germany ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Heisenberg, Werner, Gesammelte Werke = Collected works. Contents: - ser. B. Scientific review papers, talks, and books. 1. Physics-Collected works. I. Blum, W. {Walter), II. Diirr, H.-P. {Hans-Peter), Ill. Rechenberg, H. {Helmut), IV. Title. V. Title: Collected works. QC3.H This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort, Munich by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Reproduction and typesetting: Druckservice K. Teichmann, 6901 Mauer 2153/313Q

5 Editors' Note As the Editors Priface in the first volume of Series A of the CoOected Works explains, the publications of Werner Heisenberg have been divided into three general categories or series, Series A and B containing the scientific papers and books and Series C the writings addressed to a wider public. In Series B in particular we reprint the published lectures delivered to scientific conferences and meetings of scientific societies, together with review articles summarizing the status of particular problems in physical research. These reviews originally appeared in several Festschriften and review journals or were produced as special books and monographs. Q!lite a number ofheisenberg s scientific talks have not appeared fully in print; only their abstracts can be found in the literature. In order to give an account, as complete as possible, of Heisenberg s role as conference speaker in the CoOected WOrks, we also reprint in Series B the a ~ a i labstracts a b l e of his scientific lectures, except those signed by other authors. The volume starts with a biographical sketch of Heisenberg s life and work by D. Cassidy and H. Rechenberg, and a short outline of Heisenberg s role as lecturer and author of scientific review papers and books by H. Rechenberg, in order to acquaint the reader with the background of the reprinted publications of Heisenberg. These then follow in strict chronological order, determined by the submission or presentation date. Besides the published papers we have included a report on the general properties of elementary particles that Heisenberg completed in June 1939 for the Eighth Solvay Conference in Physics, planned for October 1939 but cancelled because of the war in Europe. We would like to thank the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften e. V. for generous financial support. Miinchen, July 1984 W Blum, H-P. Diirr, and H Rechenberg v

6 Contents* Biographical Data -Werner Heisenberg ( ) Werner Heisenberg as Lecturer and Author of Scientific Review Articles and Books Scientific Review Papers, Talks, and Books 1. Nichtlaminare Losungen der Differentialgleichungen fur reibende Fliissigkeiten I Nonlaminar Solutions for Viscous Fluids Q!Iantitatives tiber die Deformit:rbarkeit edelgasiihnlicher Ionen I Deformability of Noble Gas-Like Ions Ober quantentheoretische K.inematik und Mechanik/Q!Iantum Theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics., Q!Iantenmechanik/Q!Iantum Mechanics La mecanique des quanta I Mechanics of Q!Ianta (with Max Born) Zur Quantentheorie des Ferromagnetism us /Q!lantum Theory of Ferromagnetism Die Entwicklung der Q!Iantentheorie /Development of Q!Iantum Theory The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory Foreword to the English Edition Preface Contents Introductory Critique of the Physical Concepts of the Corpuscular Theory of Matter Critique of the Physical Concepts of the Wave Theory The Statistical Interpretation of Qp.antum Theory Discussion of Important Experiments The Mathematical Apparatus of the Qp.antum Theory Index Fortschritte in der Theorie des Ferromagnetism us I Progress in the Theory of Ferromagnetism *The papers are reprinted so as to follow the original publication as closely as possible, being photographically reproduced. For most papers we have kept strict pagewise correspondence, but in the case of three column originals we have broken up the pages; thus the beginning of a new page in the original print is indicated by giving the page number at the margin of the corresponding line in the reprint. In reproducing of the two books, Nos. 8 and 33, four pages of the original have been placed on one page of the reprint. VII

7 10. Contribution to Discussion on the Structure of Simple Molecules Ober die Streuung von Rontgenstrahlen an Molekiilen und Kristallen I Scattering of X-Rays by Molecules and Crystals Considerations theoriques generales sur la structure du noyau I Theoretical Considerations on the Structure of the Atomic Nucleus The Development of Quantum Mechanics Bemerkungen zur Theorie des AtomkemsiRemarks on the Theory of the Atomic Nucleus Theorie der Schauer I Theory of Showers Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Ultrastrahlung I Theoretical Investigations on Cosmic Radiation Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen in der Q!lantentheorie der Wellenfelder I Probability Statements in Q!lantum Field Theory Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkem I Passage of Very Energetic Corpuscles Through the Atomic Nucleus Fortschritte in der Theorie des Atomkems I Progress in the Theory of the Atomic Nucleus Durchgang energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkem I Passage of Energetic Corpuscles Through the Atomic Nucleus Theoretische Gesichtspunkte zur Deutung der kosmischen Strahlungl Theoretical Aspects in the Interpretation of Cosmic Radiation (with H. Euler) Das schwere Elektron (Mesotron) und seine Rolle in der Hohenstrahlung I The Heavy Electron and Its Role in Cosmic Radiation Elementarteilchen und kosmische Strahlung I Elementary Particles and Cosmic Radiation Verwandlung der kosmischen Strahlung in der Atmosphare I Transformation of Cosmic Radiation in the Atmosphere De atoomkem en hare samenstellingithe Constitution of the Atomic Nucleus On the Theory of Explosion Showers in Cosmic Rays Bericht tiber die allgemeinen Eigenschaften der ElementarteilcheniReport on the General Properties of Elementary Particles Die durchdringende Komponente der Hohenstrahlung I The Penetrating Component of Cosmic Radiation Kosmische Strahlungl Cosmic Radiation Inhaltsverzeichnis I Contents Vorwort I Preface Ubersicht tiber den jetzigen Stand unserer Kenntnisse von der kosmischen Strahlung I Present State of Our Knowledge of Cosmic Radiation Die Kaskadentheorie I Cascade Theory Schauer mit durchdringenden Teilchen I Showers with Penetrating Particles (with A. Klemm) Der radioaktive Zerfall der MesoneniThe Radioactive Decay of Mesons Theorie der explosionsartigen Schauer I Theory of Explosion-Like Showers Literaturverzeichnis I References VIII

8 30. Zur Elektronentheorie der Supraleitung I On the Electron Theory of Superconductivity Research in Germany on the Technical Application of Atomic Energy GroBversuche zur Vorbereitung der Konstruktion eines UranbrennersiLarge Scale Experiments for the Construction of a Nuclear Pile (with K. Wirtz) Two Lectures by W. Heisenberg Contents Preface The Present Situation in the Theory of Elementary Particles The Electron Theory of Superconductivity Die Erzeugung von Mesonen in Vielfachprozessen I Meson Production in Multiple Processes The Yukawa Theory of Nuclear Forces in the Light of Present Qyantum Theory of Wave Fields On the Stability of Laminar Flow Kosmische StrahlungiCosmic Radiation Vorwort zur 2. Auflage I Prefa'ce to the Second Edition Inhaltsverzeichnis I Contents Ubersicht iiber den heutigen Stand der Kenntnisse von der kosmischen Strahlung I Review of the; Present Knowledge of Cosmic Radiation Theorie der Explosionsschauer I Theory of Explosion-Like Showers Literaturverzeichnis I References Doubts and Hopes in Q!Iantum-Electrodynamics Remarques sur la theorie neutrinienne de la lumiereiremarks on the Neutrino Theory of Light Qyantization of Non-Linear Wave Equations The Production of Mesons in Very High Energy Collisions Theory of Elementary Particles Der gegenwartige Stand der Theorie der Elementarteilchen I The Present State of the Theory of Elementary Particles Qyantum Theory of Fields and Elementary Particles General Remarks Concerning the Theory of Elementary Particles Research on the Non-Linear Spinor Theory with Indefinite Metric in Hilbert Space Allgemeiner Oberblick und Fortschritte in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen I General Review and Progress of the Theory of Elementary Particles Recent Research on the Nonlinear Spinor Theory of Elementary Particles Der derzeitige Stand der nichtlinearen Spinortheorie der Elementarteilchen I The Present State of the Nonlinear Spinor Theory Theory of the Strange Particles (with H.-P. Diirr) Electrodynamics in the Non-linear Spinor Theory Elektrodynamik in der nichtlinearen Spinortheorie I Electrodynamics in the Nonlinear Spinor Theory Die Entwicklung der einheitlichen Feldtheorie der Elementarteilchenl The Development of the Unified Field Theory The Present Situation in the Theory of Elementary Particles IX

9 55. Remarks on the 'Spurion'-Theory of Strange Particles Strange Particles in the Nonlinear Spinor Theory (with H. P. Diirr) Particles as Collective Stationary States Survey on the Present Situation Concerning Unified Theories of Elementary Particles Qyantum Electrodynamics in the Nonlinear Spinor Theory Introduction to the Unified Field Theory of Elementary Particles Preface Contents Errata The Important Experimental Facts The Mathematical Tools The Fundamental Field Equation Methods of Approximation Solution of the Simplest Eigenvalue Equations Theory of Coupling Constants Strange Particles Qy.antum Electrodynamics Relations of the Unified Field Theory to Phenomenological Theories Concluding Remarks Mathematical Appendix Table Notations and Conventions References Author Index Subject Index Nonlinear Problems in Physics Report on the Present Situation in the Non-linear Spinor Theory of Elementary Particles Review of Recent Progress Bemerkungen zur neuen Tamm-Dancoff-Methode I Remarks on the New Tamm-Dancoff Method Indefinite Metric in State Space The Unified Field Theory of Elementary Particles: Some Recent Advances The Nature of Elementary Particles Cosmic Radiation and Fundamental Problems in Physics Bibliographical Citation List X