Search for Permanent Electric Dipole Moments of Francium Atom
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1 Search for Permanent Electrc Dpole Moments of Francum Atom Yasuhro SAKEMI Research Center for Nuclear Physcs (RCNP) Osaka Unversty ECR Ion source + Beam lne to transport the heavy ons from AVF + Trap/Coolng Technque Atom EDM search ~ T volaton
2 Tme Reversal and EDM Tme Reversal Symmetry ~ Volaton? ~ Test! Domnance of Matter over Antmatter n Unverse? CPT ~ nvarant n quantum feld theory : No evdence of volaton C: Charge Conjugaton ~ volaton n weak nteracton P: Party ~ volaton n weak nteracton T: Tme Reversal ~ No evdence of volaton CP: volaton was found ~ K 0, B decay CPT theorem + CP volaton T volaton? + - T + - d s
3 Electrc Dpole Moment 1. Neutron EDM 2. Atom EDM Electron ~ paramagnetc Nucleus (proton) ~ damagnetc 3. Other partcles (,,, 0.) f EDM s observed ~ Beyond the Standard Model f EDM s measured ~ sgnal of supersymmetry ~ mechansm of SUSY volaton Tl Supersymmetrc: <10-27 Left-rght symmetrc: to Hggs models: to Lepton flavor-changng:10-26 to Standard model: < Best current lmt EDM : d e < e cm from E.D.Commns et al (Calforna), Tl A challenge s set!
4 EDM and MSSM Electron EDM n MSSM snθµ ~ M 2 lmt to CP-volatng phase n MSSM e ~ e L ~ e R
5 EDM Measurement and Senstvty E E E d h E d B h E d B h = = + = ν µ ν µ ν Electrc dpole moment : d T N E K e h d = τ δ Senstvty : K: Enhancement factor ~ Atom EDM enhancement E : Electrc Feld ~ Strong, 100 kv/cm N : Number of Partcles ~ Many partcles! : Coherence Tme (Stored tme) ~ Long! (relaxaton ) T : Lfetme of Expermentalst ~ Long!
6 Enhancement effects for Atomc EDM d de = e + d atom d H ' = d e e e H 0, β σ E (1 β ) σ E 3 ~ Z α de σ + e 2 σ, j k 1 2 B Relatvstc effect jk Enhancement factor Rb Xe Cs Tl Fr Charge :Z Heavest Alkal Atom : Francum 210 Fr ~ K= found Atomc number 87 Average atomc weght 215 Ionzaton Potental 4.08 ev Radoactve lfetme of Fr 210 =3.2 mn No stable sotopes ~ longest lfetme 223 Fr: 22mn.
7 Unque ponts of experment 1. Heavest Alkal Atom : Francum EDM enhancement factor :K=1150 ~ Maxmum Produced by fuson reacton wth hgh ntensty ECR on source + AVF cyclotron Reacton 18/16 O Au Fr + Xn 2. Extremely cold atom : Bose-Ensten Condensaton (BEC) producton technque Coherence tme : ~ Long Atoms localzed ~ 10 morder Appled electrc feld : E ~ constant Hgh vacuum Hgh electrc feld : E ~ possble Ultra cold small effect of knematcal magnetc feld : v E 3. Rapd coolng ~ Radoactve atom wth fnte lfe tme ( ~ mnutes) Chp trap = Magnetc trap + Evaporaton coolng : N,T ~ large
8 Present status Insttute Project Elements Trap Status Goal SUNY 210 Fr MOT Atomc structure KVI TRIuP Ra (p) MOT/Pennng Frst beam TRIUMF TISOL MOT Calforna / LBL 205 Tl (e) Atomc beam Best lmt Kyoto 171 Yb (p) MOT T.I.T. Xe (p) RCNP Fr Mcro-Trap No plan EDM Elements Electron Rb Cs Fe Xe 3 P Tl Fr Others Others Nucleus 129 Xe 1 S 0 Rn 199 Hg Ra Yb Dy,Sm,Ba
9 Expermental Overvew Laser Beam Au target Fr + on Y neutralzer Trapped Francum Ion transport lenses Chp for Magnetc Trap Cell 18 O beam from AVF cyclotron
10 Francum producton 18 O beam from AVF Au target To Trap/Coolng Fr atom Fr + on Y target Francum 0.1 ua Fr/sec Fuson Reacton : 18/16 O Au Fr + Xn /211 Fr Francum desorbs from the target surface as atoms/ons accordng to n n + 0 = 1 E exp 2 WF E kt IP /209 Fr O Beam Energy (MeV) Target : Gold (Au) ~ E WF (5.1eV)>E IP (4.1eV) Fr + on Target : Yttrum (Y) ~ E WF (3.1eV)<E IP (4.1eV) Fr atom
11 Path to extremely Cold Atom Reacton product mud be slowed and cooled from MeV to nano-ev 100 MeV Prmary Beam ( 18 O) from AVF cyclotron MeV kev ev Francum producton : 18 O Au = 210 Fr + 5n Transport Francum Stop n neutralzer Radoactve Atom Fnte lfe tme mev ev nev Vapor n Gas Cell Magneto-Optcal Trap (MOT) Magnetc Trap and Evaporaton Coolng < uk Laser Trap < nk Bose-Ensten Condensaton (BEC) Fast Trappng/Coolng
12 Mcrochp Trap Magnetc trap Realzaton on Chp Trap for BEC at MPQ V ( r) = u B( r) m r Rapd coolng Compact/easy constructon Atom control ~ magnetc conveyor belt
13 Mcrochp Trap 2002 Summer MPQ Developed at Max-Planck-Insttute for Quantum Optcs (MPQ), Prof.Rechel Group
14 Cooled Atom Collecton Sequence SC-ECR on source : 18 O 1 ua ~100 MeV Fr/s producton MOT : atoms 6 sec. ~ accumulaton Transfer : MOT to Magnetc Trap Magnetc Trap : evaporaton coolng : 6000 atoms 2 sec. ~ accomplshed Optcal Trap : Francum (BEC) : 6000 atoms Measurement EDM measurement wth Ultra Cold Francum ~ 10 sec. cycle
15 EDM measurement δd = h 2e 1 K 1 E N 1 τ T ~ Enhancement factor : K=1150 for Fr E~100kV/cm Coherence tme : ~ 1 s N~ ua 18 O beam Measurement tme : T ~ 60 days needed If we have 10 days beam tme / year 6years If we have 10 A Collecton effcency : trappng/coolng technque ECR on source ~ Hgh ntensty Radaton protecton Low cost ~ AVF cyclotron only, RING cyclotron NOT used.. Not so much effect to beam tme ~ no effect to man physcs program at RCNP (hgh resoluton, spn-sospn, cluster )
16 Requred machne specfcaton Equpments Heavy Ion Source Beam Lne Expermental room Fr transport BL Mcro Trap Requred Spec. 16/18 O : 1~10 A Transport to n progress or Exst Rapd coolng SC ECR GHz? Plan Comments S exp. Room? Collaboraton 2004 Physcs Expermental feasblty ~ Trap/Coolng technque P-PAC, LOI Budget Tme lne ~ other nsttute (SUNY..) ~ wthn 2 or 3 years
17 Possblty at RCNP New Beam Lne 1. Nuclear physcs ~ heavy on : Nuclear magnetc moment Polarzed 6L on beam Materal physcs Hgh resoluton physcs 2. Beam Dagnoss for Hgh Resoluton beam 3. Basc Physcs : Permanent EDM search 4. Applcaton Functon : Beam transport ~ achromatc mode ( ) Beam dagnoss ~ dspersve mode Beam Lne
18 Summary 1. Search for permanent EDM of Francum atom Tme reversal volaton : Test 2. Expermental technque : ECR on source + AVF drect beam lne Francum atom producton New technque : Trap/Coolng ~ collaboraton.. 3. Physcs wth accurate measurement usng Trapped/Cooled Atom
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