Röntgen s experiment in X-ray Spectroscopy. Röntgen s experiment. Interaction of x-rays x. x-rays. with matter. Wavelength: m
|
|
- Alban Quinn
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 X-ray Spectroscopy Röntgen s experment n 1895 Lecture 1: Introducton & expermental aspects Lecture : Atomc Multplet Theory Crystal Feld Theory CTM4XAS program Lecture 3: Charge Transfer Multplet Theory Resonant Inelastc X-ray Scatterng X-ray Spectroscopy on nanomaterals Röntgen s experment Röntgen s experment Interacton of x-rays x wth matter x-rays Wavelength: m Frequency: C/λ= Hz 1
2 mm 1.1 The µm Characterstcs nm of Electromagnetc Radaton pm Interacton of x-rays x wth matter XAFS studes photoelectrc absorpton Thompson scatterng (Dffracton) Compton scatterng Intensty (log) Photoelectrc Thompson Compton Mn mev ev kev MeV 100 1k 10k 100k Energy (ev) Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 The photon moves towards the atom The photon meets an electron and s annhlated Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 The electron gans the energy of the photon and s turned nto a blue electron. The blue electron (feelng lonely) leaves the atom and scatters of neghbors or escapes from the sample
3 Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 XPS machne The probablty of photon annhlaton determnes the ntensty of the transmtted photon beam I 0 I E k XPS machne X-ray photoemsson X-ray photoemsson X-ray photoemsson: workfuncton E vac E F Vacuum level Work functon Ferm level sp-band onzaton energy ε a core level 1 core level metal adsorbed atom free atom Fgure
4 XPS and the photo-electrc effect Photo-electrc effect XPS Bndng Energy: defned versus hghest occuped state E vac conducton band conducton band E F valence band d-band band gap sp-band sp-band sp-band free electron metal transton metal nsulator hν=e k + Φ hν=e L + E k + Φ Fgure 6.17 X-ray photoemsson Atomc bndng energes THE HIGH FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF THE ELEMENTS (1913) Moseley ( ) Atomc bndng energes smple laws have been found whch [ ] make t possble to predct wth confdence the poston of the prncpal lnes n the spectrum of any element from alumnum to gold. Atomc bndng energes ν = (Z-α) Hz Moseley. Phl. Mag. 6, 156(1913); onlne lnk at webste 4
5 Atomc bndng energes Atomc bndng energes Transton from 1s to p n hydrogen: Bohr frequency condton: h h = 13.6 * (1/1-1/4) ~ 10 ev Transton from 1s to p n oxygen: h h h h Z Rydberg formula = 10 * 8 = 10 * 64 = 640 ev Atomc bndng energes X-ray photoemsson Transton from 1s to p n oxygen: 58 ev; Calculated as 640 ev Screenng of charge: hc*(z eff ) =58 ev, wth Z eff =7. hc*(z-α), wth α=0.8 X-ray photoemsson edges X-ray photoemsson Paladum Electron bndng energes M I M II M III M IV M V N I N II N III 3s 3p1/ 3p3/ 3d3/ 3d5/ 4s 4p1/ 4p3/ s 3p 1/ 3p 3/ 3d 5
6 Interacton of x-rays x wth matter 1 X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson I 0 I I(ω FIXED ) E k X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson Jump at bndng energy Peak at bndng energy I(ω FIXED ) X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson X-ray absorpton experments 6
7 X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson X-ray Absorpton Spectroscopy Phys. Rev. B. 40, 5715 (1989); 48, 074 (1993) X-ray Absorpton Spectroscopy Electronc Structure; TO p s Phys. Rev. B. 40, 5715 (1989); 48, 074 (1993) Phys. Rev. B. 40, 5715 (1989); 48, 074 (1993) Electronc Structure: TO SOLID STATE >> delocalsed ATOMIC >> localsed Phys. Rev. B. 40, 5715 (1989); 48, 074 (1993) 7
8 I Exctaton of core electrons to empty states. Spectrum gven by the Ferm Golden Rule (name Golden Rule gven by Ferm; rule tself gven by Drac) XAS ~ Σ X-ray absorpton f Φ f eˆ r Φ δ E f E hω X-ray absorpton Ferm Golden Rule: I XAS = <Φ f dpole Φ > δ [ E=0] Φ f eˆ q r Φ Sngle electron (exctaton) approxmaton: I XAS = <Φ empty dpole Φ core > ρ = =?? ε eˆ q r c Φ cε eˆ q r Φ X-ray absorpton: core hole effect X-ray absorpton: core hole effect TS Fnal State Rule: Spectral shape of XAS looks lke fnal state DOS ground state Intal State Rule: Intensty of XAS s gven by the ntal state Mg p core holed state Mg 1s core holed state Phys. Rev. B. 41, (1991) Tanaka et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 013 (005). Mn 4p - Mn 3d 0 O p 5 O s 0 Ground State MnO 3d 5 Mn 4p - Mn 3d 0 O p 5 O s 0 Oxygen 1s XAS MnO 3d 5 Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s 6540 Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s
9 Mn 4p - Manganese 1s XAS Mn 3d 0 O p 5 O s 0 MnO 3d 5 Mn 4p - Manganese 1s XAS Mn 3d 0 O p 5 O s 0 MnO 3d 5 Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s 6540 Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s 6540 Quadrupole transton The lfe of a Core Hole Auger spectroscopy Hesenberg uncertanty relaton Γτ ħ(~ ev s). Broadenng of XAS: ~0.1 ev Lfetme = 1 femtosecond Oxygen 1spp Auger Mn 4p - Mn 3d 0 MnO 3d 5 X-ray emsson O p 5 O s 0 Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s
10 Mn 4p - Mn 3d 0 O p 5 O s 0 Mn 1s3p XES MnO 3d 5 Resonant X-ray X emsson spectroscopy Mn 3p 45 Mn 3s 80 O 1s 530 Mn p 650 Mn s 770 Mn 1s 6540 Kβ 1,3 Kβ' Mn 3p Kβ'' O s Energy [ev] Kβ,5 O p X-ray absorpton Ferm Golden Rule: I XAS = <Φ f dpole Φ > δ [ E=0] Φ f eˆ q r Φ = Φ cε eˆ q r Φ =?? ε eˆ q r c Sngle electron (exctaton) approxmaton: I XAS = <Φ empty dpole Φ core > ρ Multplet Effects n XAS Multplet Effects n XAS 10
11 Multplet Effects n XAS Multplet Effects n XAS Overlap of core and valence wave functons 3d Sngle Partcle model breaks down <p3d 1/r p3d> p 3/ p 1/ PRB 4, 5459 (1990) XAS XAS Sngle Partcle: 1s edges (DFT codes) Multplets: p, 3s, 3p edges (CTM4XAS) No Unfed Interpretaton! Sngle Partcle: 1s edges (DFT codes) Multplets: p, 3s, 3p edges (CTM4XAS) Bethe-Salpeter calculatons (Erc Shrley): Excted state = lnear superposton of all states produced by a sngle electron exctaton. XAS: multplet XAS effects Sngle Partcle: 1s edges (DFT + core hole (+U)) E el In each such electron-hole par state, electron n band n, wth crystal momentum k+q. -partcle: (TDDFT, BSE) + L edges of 3d 0 momentum hole n [band or core-level] n, wth crystal momentum k, Many-partcle: p, 3s, 3p edges (CTM4XAS) Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 794 (1998); PRB 8, (010) 11
12 XAS: multplet XAS effects X-ray absorpton and X-ray X photoemsson Sngle Partcle: 1s edges (DFT + core hole (+U)) -partcle: (TDDFT, BSE) + L edges of 3d 0 No Unfed Interpretaton! I(ω FIXED ) Many-partcle: p, 3s, 3p edges (CTM4XAS) X-rays from synchrotrons Lnear Accelerator Storage Rng c=99 79,4581 km/s 1.7GeV synchrotron gves c 1
13 Magnets n the storage rng a X-rays from synchrotrons Magnetc Force F = q v B Perpendcular to Feld and propagaton drecton X-rays from synchrotrons Bendng Magnets Inserton Devces: Wggler Undulator 13
14 X-rays from synchrotrons X-rays from synchrotrons X-ray absorpton beamlne (transmsson) Beamlne 18ID at the APS Whte X-ray Bocat Homepage I II III IV V VII VIII Mrrors Monochromator I Entrance slts II Monochromator IIIExt slts IV Ionsaton chamber V Sample VI Ionsaton chamber VII Reference materal VIII Ionsaton chamber ALS 14
15 Energy: tunable source Intensty: hgher than x-ray tube Space: spot-sze 1x1 mm (unfocussed) down to 0x0 nm (focussed) Tme: pulse 50 ps, slced down to 50 fs. Polarzaton: Why a synchrotron? Angular dependence & Crcular dchrosm: NOT coherent (no laser) XAS: multplet XAS effects Sngle Partcle: 1s edges (DFT + core hole (+U)) -partcle: (TDDFT, BSE) + L edges of 3d 0 Many-partcle: p, 3s, 3p edges (CTM4XAS) Charge Transfer Multplet program The CTM4XAS program Used for the analyss of XAS, EELS, Photoemsson, Auger, XES, ATOMIC PHYSICS GROUP THEORY MODEL HAMILTONIANS 15
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
do: 0.08/nature09 I. Resonant absorpton of XUV pulses n Kr + usng the reduced densty matrx approach The quantum beats nvestgated n ths paper are the result of nterference between two exctaton paths of
More informationTitle: Radiative transitions and spectral broadening
Lecture 6 Ttle: Radatve transtons and spectral broadenng Objectves The spectral lnes emtted by atomc vapors at moderate temperature and pressure show the wavelength spread around the central frequency.
More informationX-ray Spectroscopy. Interaction of X-rays with matter XANES and EXAFS XANES analysis Pre-edge analysis EXAFS analysis
X-ray Spectroscopy Interaction of X-rays with matter XANES and EXAFS XANES analysis Pre-edge analysis EXAFS analysis Element specific Sensitive to low concentrations (0.01-0.1 %) Why XAS? Applicable under
More informationLevel Crossing Spectroscopy
Level Crossng Spectroscopy October 8, 2008 Contents 1 Theory 1 2 Test set-up 4 3 Laboratory Exercses 4 3.1 Hanle-effect for fne structure.................... 4 3.2 Hanle-effect for hyperfne structure.................
More informationAverage Matrix Relative Sensitivity Factors (AMRSFs) for Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
erage Matrx Relatve Senstvty Factors (AMRSFs) for Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) These tables and plots contan AMRSFs for AES calculated for the total peak area for the K, L, M and N shells for both
More informationX-ray absorption spectroscopy.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy www.anorg.chem.uu.nl/people/staff/frankdegroot/ X-ray absorption spectroscopy www.anorg.chem.uu.nl/people/staff/frankdegroot/ Frank de Groot PhD: solid state chemistry U Nijmegen
More informationRate of Absorption and Stimulated Emission
MIT Department of Chemstry 5.74, Sprng 005: Introductory Quantum Mechancs II Instructor: Professor Andre Tokmakoff p. 81 Rate of Absorpton and Stmulated Emsson The rate of absorpton nduced by the feld
More informationFrequency dependence of the permittivity
Frequency dependence of the permttvty February 7, 016 In materals, the delectrc constant and permeablty are actually frequency dependent. Ths does not affect our results for sngle frequency modes, but
More informationLecture 3. Interaction of radiation with surfaces. Upcoming classes
Radaton transfer n envronmental scences Lecture 3. Interacton of radaton wth surfaces Upcomng classes When a ray of lght nteracts wth a surface several nteractons are possble: 1. It s absorbed. 2. It s
More informationCourse Electron Microprobe Analysis
Course 12.141 Electron Mcroprobe Analyss THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Electron Probe X-ray Mcro-Analyss A) quanttatve chemcal analyss of solds: Be to U 1 mcrometer resoluton up to 10 ppm B) hgh-resoluton
More information10/9/2003 PHY Lecture 11 1
Announcements 1. Physc Colloquum today --The Physcs and Analyss of Non-nvasve Optcal Imagng. Today s lecture Bref revew of momentum & collsons Example HW problems Introducton to rotatons Defnton of angular
More informationEXAFS. Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure. Santiago J. A. Figueroa Researcher Beamline coordinator XAFS2
EXAFS Santago J. A. Fgueroa Researcher Beamlne coordnator XAFS santago.fgueroa@lnls.br Extended X-Ray Absorpton Fne Structure EXAFS 5 th School on X-Ray Spectroscopy Methods Campnas, 3 de Agosto de 16
More information8. Superfluid to Mott-insulator transition
8. Superflud to Mott-nsulator transton Overvew Optcal lattce potentals Soluton of the Schrödnger equaton for perodc potentals Band structure Bloch oscllaton of bosonc and fermonc atoms n optcal lattces
More informationTHERMAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE HCL SPECTRUM OBJECTIVE
ame: THERMAL DISTRIBUTIO I THE HCL SPECTRUM OBJECTIVE To nvestgate a system s thermal dstrbuton n dscrete states; specfcally, determne HCl gas temperature from the relatve occupatons of ts rotatonal states.
More informationPhysics 30 Lesson 31 The Bohr Model of the Atom
Physcs 30 Lesson 31 The Bohr Model o the Atom I. Planetary models o the atom Ater Rutherord s gold ol scatterng experment, all models o the atom eatured a nuclear model wth electrons movng around a tny,
More informationNote on the Electron EDM
Note on the Electron EDM W R Johnson October 25, 2002 Abstract Ths s a note on the setup of an electron EDM calculaton and Schff s Theorem 1 Basc Relatons The well-known relatvstc nteracton of the electron
More informationX-ray Spectroscopy Theory Lectures
TIMES Lecture Series SIMES-SLAC-Stanford Winter, 2017 X-ray Spectroscopy Theory Lectures J. J. Rehr I. Introduction to the Theory of X-ray spectra II. Real-space Green's function Theory and FEFF III. Inelastic
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
do:10.1038/nature09901 Supplementary Informaton: Sample propertes The nvestgated sample was a 30 nm Gd 25 Fe 65.6 Co 9.4 thn flm deposted by magnetron sputterng on a free-standng Al fol of 500 nm thckness.
More informationExperimental Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics. Interactions of particles in matter (1)
Expermental Technques for Nuclear and Partcle Physcs Interactons of partcles n matter (1) Incdent beam/radaton feld on materal ("fxed" target / detector) N partcles per sec Φ flux (partcles/sec/unt area)
More informationThe GW approximation in 90 minutes or so. F. Bruneval Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique CEA, DEN
The GW approxmaton n 90 mnutes or so Servce de Recherches de Métallurge Physque CEA, DEN DFT tutoral, Lyon december 2012 Outlne I. Standard DFT suffers from the band gap problem II. Introducton of the
More informationNeutral-Current Neutrino-Nucleus Inelastic Reactions for Core Collapse Supernovae
Neutral-Current Neutrno-Nucleus Inelastc Reactons for Core Collapse Supernovae A. Juodagalvs Teornės Fzkos r Astronomjos Insttutas, Lthuana E-mal: andrusj@tpa.lt J. M. Sampao Centro de Físca Nuclear da
More informationInelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation
Inelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation What happens to the emission (or fluorescence) when the energy of the exciting photons changes? The emission spectra (can) change. One
More informationThe birth of quantum mechanics (partial history)
Dept of Phys The brth of quantum mechancs (partal hstory) 1902: Lenard s photo-electrc effect (bass of photo-detector) vared the ntensty of carbon arc lght by a factor of 1000 and observed NO effect on
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH CH 28: INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION A col of wre wth a VOLTAGE across each end wll have a current n t - Wre doesn t HAVE to have voltage source, voltage can be INDUCED V Common ways
More information7 Stellar Structure III. introduc)on to Astrophysics, C. Bertulani, Texas A&M-Commerce 1
7 Stellar Structure III ntroduc)on to Astrophyscs, C. Bertulan, Texas A&M-Commerce 1 Fundamental physcal constants a radaton densty constant 7.55 10-16 J m -3 K -4 c velocty of lght 3.00 10 8 m s -1 G
More informationEnergy Spectroscopy. Ex.: Fe/MgO
Energy Spectroscopy Spectroscopy gives access to the electronic properties (and thus chemistry, magnetism,..) of the investigated system with thickness dependence Ex.: Fe/MgO Fe O Mg Control of the oxidation
More informationDepartment of Chemistry Purdue University Garth J. Simpson
Objectves: 1. Develop a smple conceptual 1D model for NLO effects. Extend to 3D and relate to computatonal chemcal calculatons of adabatc NLO polarzabltes. 2. Introduce Sum-Over-States (SOS) approaches
More informationComplex Atoms; The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic System
Complex Atoms; The Excluson Prncple and the Perodc System In order to understand the electron dstrbutons n atoms, another prncple s needed. Ths s the Paul excluson prncple: No two electrons n an atom can
More information4. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER
Andre Tokmakoff, MIT Department of Chemstry, 3/8/7 4-1 4. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER One of the most mportant topcs n tme-dependent quantum mechancs for chemsts s the descrpton of spectroscopy, whch
More informationThree-dimensional eddy current analysis by the boundary element method using vector potential
Physcs Electrcty & Magnetsm felds Okayama Unversty Year 1990 Three-dmensonal eddy current analyss by the boundary element method usng vector potental H. Tsubo M. Tanaka Okayama Unversty Okayama Unversty
More informationChapter-1. Photon interaction with matter and production of fluorescent. X-rays
Chapter-1 Photon nteracton wth matter and producton of fluorescent -rays 1.1 Introducton The study of nteracton of gamma rays wth matter has attaned a sgnfcant mportance n the feld of scence and technology.
More informationRobert Eisberg Second edition CH 09 Multielectron atoms ground states and x-ray excitations
Quantum Physcs 量 理 Robert Esberg Second edton CH 09 Multelectron atoms ground states and x-ray exctatons 9-01 By gong through the procedure ndcated n the text, develop the tme-ndependent Schroednger equaton
More informationSPACE-FREQUENCY MODEL OF ULTRA WIDE-BAND INTERACTIONS IN FREE-ELECTRON LASERS. Yosef Pinhasi Yuri Lurie Asher Yahalom
מכללת י ה ו דה ו שומרו ן The College of Judea and Samara המ ח לקה ל הנדסת חש מ ל ו א לקטרוניקה Dept. of Electrcal and Electronc Engneerng SPACE-FREQUENCY MODEL OF ULTRA WIDE-BAND INTERACTIONS IN FREE-ELECTRON
More informationHomework 4. 1 Electromagnetic surface waves (55 pts.) Nano Optics, Fall Semester 2015 Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich
Homework 4 Contact: frmmerm@ethz.ch Due date: December 04, 015 Nano Optcs, Fall Semester 015 Photoncs Laboratory, ETH Zürch www.photoncs.ethz.ch The goal of ths problem set s to understand how surface
More informationBoundaries, Near-field Optics
Boundares, Near-feld Optcs Fve boundary condtons at an nterface Fresnel Equatons : Transmsson and Reflecton Coeffcents Transmttance and Reflectance Brewster s condton a consequence of Impedance matchng
More information) is the unite step-function, which signifies that the second term of the right-hand side of the
Casmr nteracton of excted meda n electromagnetc felds Yury Sherkunov Introducton The long-range electrc dpole nteracton between an excted atom and a ground-state atom s consdered n ref. [1,] wth the help
More information( T) Blackbody Radiation. S hν. hν exp kt MODEL
Let us use nsten's approach to relate gan and spontaneous emsson. ccordng to Plank:.The probablty o radaton takng place rom a black body decreased as the requency o the radaton ncreased.. The black body
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH 1E CH 28: INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION A col of wre wth a VOLTAGE across each end wll have a current n t - Wre doesn t HAVE to have voltage source, voltage can be INDUCED V Common ways
More information4. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER
Andre Tokmakoff, MIT Department of Chemstry, /8/7 4-1 4. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER One of the most mportant topcs n tme-dependent quantum mechancs for chemsts s the descrpton of spectroscopy, whch
More informationThis model contains two bonds per unit cell (one along the x-direction and the other along y). So we can rewrite the Hamiltonian as:
1 Problem set #1 1.1. A one-band model on a square lattce Fg. 1 Consder a square lattce wth only nearest-neghbor hoppngs (as shown n the fgure above): H t, j a a j (1.1) where,j stands for nearest neghbors
More informationACKNOWLEDGEMENT. Dr. Ajay Sharma
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Not as convcton but sentments from the core of my heart. An ostentatous use of words would never suffce to express my mmense sense of grattude and ndebtedness to my esteemed and most revered
More informationSupplementary Information for Observation of Parity-Time Symmetry in. Optically Induced Atomic Lattices
Supplementary Informaton for Observaton of Party-Tme Symmetry n Optcally Induced Atomc attces Zhaoyang Zhang 1,, Yq Zhang, Jteng Sheng 3, u Yang 1, 4, Mohammad-Al Mr 5, Demetros N. Chrstodouldes 5, Bng
More information1 Rabi oscillations. Physical Chemistry V Solution II 8 March 2013
Physcal Chemstry V Soluton II 8 March 013 1 Rab oscllatons a The key to ths part of the exercse s correctly substtutng c = b e ωt. You wll need the followng equatons: b = c e ωt 1 db dc = dt dt ωc e ωt.
More informationLight diffraction by a subwavelength circular aperture
Early Vew publcaton on www.nterscence.wley.com ssue and page numbers not yet assgned; ctable usng Dgtal Object Identfer DOI) Laser Phys. Lett. 1 5 25) / DOI 1.12/lapl.2516 1 Abstract: Dffracton of normally
More informationWeek3, Chapter 4. Position and Displacement. Motion in Two Dimensions. Instantaneous Velocity. Average Velocity
Week3, Chapter 4 Moton n Two Dmensons Lecture Quz A partcle confned to moton along the x axs moves wth constant acceleraton from x =.0 m to x = 8.0 m durng a 1-s tme nterval. The velocty of the partcle
More informationDeterministic and Monte Carlo Codes for Multiple Scattering Photon Transport
Determnstc and Monte Carlo Codes for Multple Scatterng Photon Transport Jorge E. Fernández 1 1 Laboratory of Montecuccolno DIENCA Alma Mater Studorum Unversty of Bologna Italy Isttuto Nazonale d Fsca Nucleare
More informationECEN 5005 Crystals, Nanocrystals and Device Applications Class 19 Group Theory For Crystals
ECEN 5005 Crystals, Nanocrystals and Devce Applcatons Class 9 Group Theory For Crystals Dee Dagram Radatve Transton Probablty Wgner-Ecart Theorem Selecton Rule Dee Dagram Expermentally determned energy
More informationEnergy Spectroscopy. Excitation by means of a probe
Energy Spectroscopy Excitation by means of a probe Energy spectral analysis of the in coming particles -> XAS or Energy spectral analysis of the out coming particles Different probes are possible: Auger
More informationX-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Nikki Truss November 26, 2012 Abstract In these experiments, some aspects of x-ray absorption spectroscopy were investigated. The x-ray spectrum of molybdenum was recorded
More information5.76 Lecture #5 2/07/94 Page 1 of 10 pages. Lecture #5: Atoms: 1e and Alkali. centrifugal term ( +1)
5.76 Lecture #5 /07/94 Page 1 of 10 pages 1e Atoms: H, H + e, L +, etc. coupled and uncoupled bass sets Lecture #5: Atoms: 1e and Alkal centrfugal term (+1) r radal Schrödnger Equaton spn-orbt l s r 3
More information5.04, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry II MIT Department of Chemistry Lecture 32: Vibrational Spectroscopy and the IR
5.0, Prncples of Inorganc Chemstry II MIT Department of Chemstry Lecture 3: Vbratonal Spectroscopy and the IR Vbratonal spectroscopy s confned to the 00-5000 cm - spectral regon. The absorpton of a photon
More informationDetermination of Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Effective atomic number and Electron Density of Lumefantrine in the Energy Range 1 kev 100 GeV
http://jopaar.com; 217 Vol. 4(1); pp. 42-5, ISSN: 2455-474X Determnaton of Mass Attenuaton Coeffcents, Effectve atomc number and Electron Densty of Lumefantrne n the Energy Range 1 kev 1 GeV Ingalagond.
More informationDirect observation of spin-polarized bulk bands in an inversion-symmetric semiconductor
J. M. Rley, 1 F. Mazzola, 2 M. Dendzk, 3 M. Mchard, 3 T. Takayama, 4, 5 L. Bawden, 1 C. Granerød, 2 M. Leandersson, 6 T. Balasubramanan, 6 M. Hoesch, 7 T. K. Km, 7 H. Takag, 4, 5 W. Meevasana, 8, 9 Ph.
More information( ) + + REFLECTION FROM A METALLIC SURFACE
REFLECTION FROM A METALLIC SURFACE For a metallc medum the delectrc functon and the ndex of refracton are complex valued functons. Ths s also the case for semconductors and nsulators n certan frequency
More informationPHY2049 Exam 2 solutions Fall 2016 Solution:
PHY2049 Exam 2 solutons Fall 2016 General strategy: Fnd two resstors, one par at a tme, that are connected ether n SERIES or n PARALLEL; replace these two resstors wth one of an equvalent resstance. Now
More information5.03, Inorganic Chemistry Prof. Daniel G. Nocera Lecture 2 May 11: Ligand Field Theory
5.03, Inorganc Chemstry Prof. Danel G. Nocera Lecture May : Lgand Feld Theory The lgand feld problem s defned by the followng Hamltonan, h p Η = wth E n = KE = where = m m x y z h m Ze r hydrogen atom
More informationTREATMENT OF THE TURNING POINT IN ADK-THEORY INCLUDING NON-ZERO INITIAL MOMENTA
41 Kragujevac J. Sc. 5 (00) 41-46. TREATMENT OF THE TURNING POINT IN ADK-THEORY INCLUDING NON-ZERO INITIAL MOMENTA Vladmr M. Rstć a and Tjana Premovć b a Faculty o Scence, Department o Physcs, Kragujevac
More informationIntroduction to Super-radiance and Laser
Introducton to Super-radance and Laser Jong Hu Department of Physcs and Astronomy, Oho Unversty Abstract Brefly dscuss the absorpton and emsson processes wth the energy levels of an atom. Introduce and
More informationLecture 6. p+p, Helium Burning and Energy Generation. ) 2 H (+0.42 MeV) p( p,e + ν e. Proton-proton reaction:
Proton-proton reacton: p( p,e + ν e ) 2 H (+0.42 MeV) Lecture 6 p+p, Helum Burnng and Energy Generaton Ths cross secton s far too small (~10-47 cm 2 at 1 MeV) to measure n the laboratory, but t does have
More informationIonization fronts in HII regions
Ionzaton fronts n HII regons Intal expanson of HII onzaton front s supersonc, creatng a shock front. Statonary frame: front advances nto neutral materal In frame where shock front s statonary, neutral
More informationEDS User School. Principles of Electron Beam Microanalysis
EDS User School Principles of Electron Beam Microanalysis Outline 1.) Beam-specimen interactions 2.) EDS spectra: Origin of Bremsstrahlung and characteristic peaks 3.) Moseley s law 4.) Characteristic
More informationGravitational Acceleration: A case of constant acceleration (approx. 2 hr.) (6/7/11)
Gravtatonal Acceleraton: A case of constant acceleraton (approx. hr.) (6/7/11) Introducton The gravtatonal force s one of the fundamental forces of nature. Under the nfluence of ths force all objects havng
More informationLinac Based Photon Sources: XFELS. Coherence Properties. J. B. Hastings. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Linac Based Photon Sources: XFELS Coherence Properties J. B. Hastings Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Coherent Synchrotron Radiation coherent power N 6 10 9 incoherent
More informationSupporting Information
Supportng Informaton Water structure at the ar-aqueous nterface of dvalent caton and ntrate solutons Man Xu, Rck Spnney, Heather C. Allen* allen@chemstry.oho-state.edu Fresnel factors and spectra normalzaton
More informationˆ (0.10 m) E ( N m /C ) 36 ˆj ( j C m)
7.. = = 3 = 4 = 5. The electrc feld s constant everywhere between the plates. Ths s ndcated by the electrc feld vectors, whch are all the same length and n the same drecton. 7.5. Model: The dstances to
More informationCore Level Spectroscopies
Core Level Spectroscopies Spectroscopies involving core levels are element-sensitive, and that makes them very useful for understanding chemical bonding, as well as for the study of complex materials.
More informationTHE CURRENT BALANCE Physics 258/259
DSH 1988, 005 THE CURRENT BALANCE Physcs 58/59 The tme average force between two parallel conductors carryng an alternatng current s measured by balancng ths force aganst the gravtatonal force on a set
More informationSearch for Permanent Electric Dipole Moments of Francium Atom
Search for Permanent Electrc Dpole Moments of Francum Atom Yasuhro SAKEMI Research Center for Nuclear Physcs (RCNP) Osaka Unversty ECR Ion source + Beam lne to transport the heavy ons from AVF + Trap/Coolng
More informationA particle in a state of uniform motion remain in that state of motion unless acted upon by external force.
The fundamental prncples of classcal mechancs were lad down by Galleo and Newton n the 16th and 17th centures. In 1686, Newton wrote the Prncpa where he gave us three laws of moton, one law of gravty,
More informationDynamics of a Superconducting Qubit Coupled to an LC Resonator
Dynamcs of a Superconductng Qubt Coupled to an LC Resonator Y Yang Abstract: We nvestgate the dynamcs of a current-based Josephson juncton quantum bt or qubt coupled to an LC resonator. The Hamltonan of
More informationTRANSITION RATES DEPENDENCE ON THE TURNING POINT
31 Kragujevac J. Sc. 7 (5) 31-38. TRANSITION RATES DEPENDENCE ON THE TURNING POINT V. M. Rstć, M. M. Radulovć and J. M. Stevanovć Faculty of Scence, Kragujevac Unversty, R. Domanovća 1, 34 Kragujevac,
More informationOne-photon and two-photon spectroscopy and spin polarization
J. Mater. Envron. Sc. 4 (3) (013) 46-431 Mah ISSN : 08-508 One-photon and two-photon spectroscopy and spn polarzaton M. Idrsh Mah 1 Department of Physcs, Unversty of Chttagong, Chttagong 4331, Bangladesh.
More informationCHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
3 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND.1. Lght Propagaton nsde the Photonc Crystal The frst person that studes the one dmenson photonc crystal s Lord Raylegh n 1887. He showed that the lght propagaton depend
More informationOPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES, MOLECULES AND POLYMERS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES, MOLECULES AND POLYMERS Dr. Mca Grujcc Aprl, 004 Department of Mechancal Engneerng Me Theory - Dlute Collodal Soluton Lmt Sphercal Partcles Ref: C. F.Bohren
More informationHigh Energy Astrophysics
Hgh Energy Astrophyscs Thrd Edton MALCOLM S. LONGAIR Emertus Jacksonan Professor of Natural Phlosophy, Cavendsh Laboratory, Unversty of Cambrdge CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface Acknowledgements page
More informationX-Ray Spectroscopy at LCLS
LCLS proposal preparation workshop for experiments at XPP, June 21, 2008, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA ħω ħω e - X-Ray Spectroscopy at LCLS Uwe Bergmann SSRL Stanford Linear Accelerator Center bergmann@slac.stanford.edu
More informationLecture Notes 7: The Unruh Effect
Quantum Feld Theory for Leg Spnners 17/1/11 Lecture Notes 7: The Unruh Effect Lecturer: Prakash Panangaden Scrbe: Shane Mansfeld 1 Defnng the Vacuum Recall from the last lecture that choosng a complex
More informationIntroduction of XPS Absolute binding energies of core states Applications to silicene
Core level binding energies in solids from first-principles Introduction of XPS Absolute binding energies of core states Applications to silicene arxiv:1607.05544 arxiv:1610.03131 Taisuke Ozaki and Chi-Cheng
More informationLecture 5. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS)
Lecture 5 X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Principles 5.2 Interpretation 5.3 Instrumentation 5.4 XPS vs UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) 5.5 Auger Electron
More informationModeling of Electron Transport in Thin Films with Quantum and Scattering Effects
Modelng of Electron Transport n Thn Flms wth Quantum and Scatterng Effects Anuradha Bulusu Advsor: Prof. D. G. Walker Interdscplnary Program n Materal Scence Vanderblt Unversty Nashvlle, TN Motvaton L
More informationIts microwave cavity length is 0.96m, and the dimensions are almost
The Optcally Pumped Cs Frequency Standard at the NRLM S.Ohshma, Y.Nakadan and Y. Koga Natonal Research Laboratory of Metrology 1-1-4, Umezono, Tukuba-sh, barak 305 JAPAN ABSTRACT The optcally pumped Cs
More information24. Atomic Spectra, Term Symbols and Hund s Rules
Page of 4. Atomc Spectra, Term Symbols and Hund s Rules Date: 5 October 00 Suggested Readng: Chapters 8-8 to 8- of the text. Introducton Electron confguratons, at least n the forms used n general chemstry
More informationSoft X-ray Physics DELNOR-WIGGINS PASS STATE PARK
Soft X-ray Physics Overview of research in Prof. Tonner s group Introduction to synchrotron radiation physics Photoemission spectroscopy: band-mapping and photoelectron diffraction Magnetic spectroscopy
More informationEinstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox
H 45 Quantum Measurement and Spn Wnter 003 Ensten-odolsky-Rosen aradox The Ensten-odolsky-Rosen aradox s a gedanken experment desgned to show that quantum mechancs s an ncomplete descrpton of realty. The
More informationPhysics 181. Particle Systems
Physcs 181 Partcle Systems Overvew In these notes we dscuss the varables approprate to the descrpton of systems of partcles, ther defntons, ther relatons, and ther conservatons laws. We consder a system
More informationSpectroscopies for Unoccupied States = Electrons
Spectroscopies for Unoccupied States = Electrons Photoemission 1 Hole Inverse Photoemission 1 Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy 1 Electron/Hole Emission 1 Hole Absorption Will be discussed with core levels
More informationComplex Double Ionization of Helium by Superstrong Laser Radiation in the Presence of Plasma Microfields
Laser Physcs Vol. 9 No. 6 1999 pp. 18 15. Orgnal Text Copyrght 1999 by Aso Ltd. Copyrght 1999 by åäàä ç ÛÍ /Interperodca (Russa). MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES IN ATOMS MOLECULES AND SOLIDS Complex Double Ionzaton
More informationTable 1: Residence time (τ) in seconds for adsorbed molecules
1 Surfaces We got our first hint of the importance of surface processes in the mass spectrum of a high vacuum environment. The spectrum was dominated by water and carbon monoxide, species that represent
More informationLab 2e Thermal System Response and Effective Heat Transfer Coefficient
58:080 Expermental Engneerng 1 OBJECTIVE Lab 2e Thermal System Response and Effectve Heat Transfer Coeffcent Warnng: though the experment has educatonal objectves (to learn about bolng heat transfer, etc.),
More informationECE 107: Electromagnetism
ECE 107: Electromagnetsm Set 8: Plane waves Instructor: Prof. Vtaly Lomakn Department of Electrcal and Computer Engneerng Unversty of Calforna, San Dego, CA 92093 1 Wave equaton Source-free lossless Maxwell
More informationChapter 11: Angular Momentum
Chapter 11: ngular Momentum Statc Equlbrum In Chap. 4 we studed the equlbrum of pontobjects (mass m) wth the applcaton of Newton s aws F 0 F x y, 0 Therefore, no lnear (translatonal) acceleraton, a0 For
More informationResearch with Synchrotron Radiation. Part I
Research with Synchrotron Radiation Part I Ralf Röhlsberger Generation and properties of synchrotron radiation Radiation sources at DESY Synchrotron Radiation Sources at DESY DORIS III 38 beamlines XFEL
More informationSnce h( q^; q) = hq ~ and h( p^ ; p) = hp, one can wrte ~ h hq hp = hq ~hp ~ (7) the uncertanty relaton for an arbtrary state. The states that mnmze t
8.5: Many-body phenomena n condensed matter and atomc physcs Last moded: September, 003 Lecture. Squeezed States In ths lecture we shall contnue the dscusson of coherent states, focusng on ther propertes
More informationProbing Matter: Diffraction, Spectroscopy and Photoemission
Probing Matter: Diffraction, Spectroscopy and Photoemission Anders Nilsson Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Why X-rays? VUV? What can we hope to learn? 1 Photon Interaction Incident photon interacts
More informationSupplementary information. Coulomb oscillations in a gate-controlled few-layer graphene quantum dot
Supplementary nformaton Coulomb oscllatons n a gate-controlled few-layer graphene quantum dot Ypu Song * Haonan Xong Wentao Jang Hongy Zhang Xao Xue Cheng Ma Yuln Ma Luyan Sun Hayan Wang and Lumng Duan
More informationSimo Huotari University of Helsinki, Finland TDDFT school, Benasque, Spain, January 2012
Overview of spectroscopies III Simo Huotari University of Helsinki, Finland TDDFT school, Benasque, Spain, January 2012 Motivation: why we need theory Spectroscopy (electron dynamics) Theory of electronic
More informationPhysics 1202: Lecture 11 Today s Agenda
Physcs 122: Lecture 11 Today s Agenda Announcements: Team problems start ths Thursday Team 1: Hend Ouda, Mke Glnsk, Stephane Auger Team 2: Analese Bruder, Krsten Dean, Alson Smth Offce hours: Monday 2:3-3:3
More informationTwo-Stage Chirped-Beam SASE-FEL for High Power Femtosecond X-Ray Pulse Generation
Two-Stage Chirped-Beam SASE-FEL for High ower Femtosecond X-Ray ulse Generation C. Schroeder*, J. Arthur^,. Emma^, S. Reiche*, and C. ellegrini* ^ Stanford Linear Accelerator Center * UCLA 12-10-2001 LCLS-TAC
More informationRadiation Chapter 12 L8 (MMV031) Martin Andersson
Radaton Chapter 12 L8 (MMV031) Martn Andersson Contents Thermal Radaton Gas radaton Thermal radaton Thermal radaton s the electromagnetc radaton a body s emttng due to ts temperature electromagnetc radaton
More informationAccuracy of the Non-destructive Surface Nanostructure QuantiÐcation Technique Based on Analysis of the XPS or AES Peak Shape
SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, VOL. 26, 249È269 (1998) Accuracy of the Non-destructve Surface Nanostructure QuantÐcaton Technque Based on Analyss of the XPS or AES Peak Shape S. Tougaard Physcs Department,
More information