11th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors 1-4/10/2008, Siena, Italy
|
|
- Silvester Chapman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 11th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors 1-4//008, Siena, Italy The nuclear track detector CR39: results from different experiments M. Giorgini Bologna University and INFN 1
2 The Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) tecnique A very ionizing particle breaks the polimeric bonds around its trajectory. The produced damage is called latent track The latent track becomes visible and measurable after a chemical etching in a basic solution 00 A GeV S16+ Two (etch-pits) cones with the same dimensions or a hole develop around the particle trajectory
3 The nuclear track detector CR39 The most sensitive NTD employed in several scientific and technological applications is CR39 (PPG Ind. Inc.) More than 00 m of CR39 detectors were used in the MACRO [Eur. Phys. Jou. C 5 (00) 511] and SLIM experiments to search for massive rare particles in the cosmic radiation (magnetic monopoles, nuclearites, strangelets, Q-balls...) C1H18O7 ρ = 1.3 g/cm3 Accurate detector calibrations are required3
4 CR39 calibrations CR39 Detectors Fragments Incident beam Survived beam Fragments Target 50 cm Target CR39 Air gap Beams : 158 AGeV CERN-SPS 158 AGeV In49+ After exposure, the CR39 sheets were etched in 6N NaOH + 1% ethyl alcohol solution at 70 C for 40 h 4
5 Automatic and manual measurements Automatic image analyzer ELBEK (A. Noll et al., Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 15 (1988) 65) The base area, eccentricity and brightness are measured for each track Tracking : the trajectory of each ion is followed through the stack D L = (vt vb )t L (v T v B ) D = vbt (v T + v B ) D = 1+ 4 t L vb 4L 1 + D D and L are measured with a Leica optical microscope coupled to a CCD camera and a video monitor L is obtained multiplying the measured cone height by the 5 refractive index of the detector
6 Height and base area of conical tracks in CR39 exposed normally to In49+ and Pb8+ ions Z/β=75-8 Z/β=5 Z/β= Z/β=8 Z/β=80 Z/β=75 Z/β=83 Z/β=0 Z/β=30 Z/β= Z/β=46-49 Z/β=30 Z/β=40 Number of events Z/β=0 Z/β=49 Z/β=46 Cone height (arbitrary units) 6 Track area (pixel)
7 Best charge resolution Charge distribution for tracks present in at least out of 1 measured CR39 sheets located after the target σz = 0.05e 7
8 Calibration graph for CR39 Reduced etch rate p=vt/vb For each detected charge Restricted Energy Loss (REL) p=vt/vb de z Z 1 me c β γ Tmax δ REL= = K ln β I β A dx E< Tmax A unique calibration curve describes all the data REL (MeV cm g ) -1 8
9 Fragmentation cross sections of Fe6+, Si14+ e C6+ ions on CR39, CH and Al targets Nucl. Phys. A 807 (008) 06 Beam : Fe6+ (E = 0.3, 0.41, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 AGeV) Si14+ (E = 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 AGeV) C6+ (E = 0.9 AGeV) BNL-AGS and HIMAC (Japan) CR39 sheets : area cm thickness 0.65 mm Targets : CH, Al, CR39 thickness 1 mm After exposure, the CR39 sheets were etched in 6N NaOH aqueous solution at 70 C for 30 h 9
10 Total fragmentation cross sections AT ln(nin/nout) σtot = ρt tt NAV AT = mass number of the target ρt = density of the target tt = thickness of the target NAV = Avogadro's number Nin = number of incident ions before the target Nout = number of incident ions after the target Theoretical predictions : σ tot = σ nucl + σ EMD = π ro ( AT1 3 + A1P 3 bo ) + α ZTδ ZT = atomic number of the target Ap = mass number of the beam ro = 1.31 fm bo = 1.0 α = 1.57 δ = 1.9
11 Data-prediction comparison Fe6+ on CH [ Phys. Rev. C 56 (1997) 388 ] [ Phys. Rev. C 56 (1997) 388 ] Total cross section (mb) Total cross section (mb) Fe6+ on Al [ Phys. Rev. C 56 (1997) 388 ] [ Phys. Rev. C 56 (1997) 388 ] Target mass AT Total cross section (mb) Total cross section (mb) [ Phys. Rev. C 56 (1997) 388 ] Si14+ on Al Si14+ on CR39 Si14+ on CH [ Radiat. Meas. 34 (001) 37 ] [ Nucl. Phys. A 784 (007) 341 ] [ Nucl. Phys. A 784 (007) 341 ] [ Phys. Rev. C 39 (1989) ] [ Nucl. Phys. A 784 (007) 341 ] [ Phys. Rev. C 39 (1989) ] 0.9 A GeV C Present work [ Phys. Rev. C 66 (00) ] Target mass AT The quoted uncertainties are statistical standard deviations 11
12 Partial charge changing cross sections Average base areas for tracks present in at least out of 3 measured CR39 sheets located after the target Charge resolution σ ~ 0.e Z Z σ Z (mb) σ Z (mb) ± ± 11 5 ± 49 ± 197 ± ± 8 13 ± ± 8 7 ± 7 15 ± 6 5 ± 8 3 ± 6 81 ± 6 93 ± ± 1 13 ± 11 1 ± 11 6 ± ± ± 9 90 ± ± ± ± ± 6 Partial charge changing cross sections for 1 AGeV Si14+ and 1 AGeV Fe6+ ions on the CH target 1
13 The SLIM experiment Chacaltaya laboratory (Bolivia, 530 m a.s.l.) Search for LIght Monopoles Intermediate mass (5 MM 1 GeV) Magnetic Monopoles Strange Quark Matter (nuclearites, strangelets) Charged Q-balls 13
14 Intermediate Mass Monopoles (IMMs) SO() 15 GeV 9 GeV SU(4) x SU()L x SU()R -35 s -3 s Virtual vector bosons X, Y? Electroweak Unification W, Z SU(3)C x [SU()L x U(1)Y]EW IMMs 5-1 GeV GeV - s Kephard, Shafi.et. al SU(3)C x U(1)EM Virtual photons and gluons Confinement region Magnetic field of a point MM A. De Rujula, CERN-TH 773/94 E. Huguet and P. Peter, hep-ph/ T. W. Kephart and Q. Shafi, Phys. Lett. B 50 (001) 313 S. D. Wick et al., Astropart. Phys. 18 (003) Radius (m) liquid H Energy losses of IMMs (a) β < -4 Elastic collisions (b) -4 < β < - Excitation (Medium as Fermi gas) (c) β > - Ionization (Bethe-Bloch) (Zeeq) = (gβ) 14
15 Strange Quark Matter (SQM) Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 7 ; Nature 31 (1984) 734 Aggregates of u, d, s quarks + electrons, n = /3 n 1/3 n 1/3 n Candidates for cold Dark Matter! Searched for in cosmic rays reaching the Earth e u d s [black points are electrons] R (fm) 3 4 M (GeV) ev 300 Z=1, A=580 Z=46, A= (b) ~ 57 4 x Z=14, A=300 1 Z=17, A=400 < N REL (MeVg cm ) = M AG (u.m.a.) N M = 6 6 ev 19 G ev qualitative picture (hep-ex/ ) G 7 A 4 N M -1 s, ite ar N uc le -1 REL (MeV g cm ) Nuclearites : large neutral SQM bags. Core of u, d and s quarks with an electron cloud Typical galactic velocities : β -3 Dominant interaction: elastic collisions with atoms in the medium 4 3 g Strangelets : small charged SQM snuggets =,g o le op n Behave like ordinary nuclei same acceleration processes and energy loss Mo CR39Very Threshold low charge to mass Z/A ratio 3 D CR39 Threshold β REL vs β of nuclearites in CR β REL vs β of strangelets in CR39
16 Q-balls Nucl. Phys. B 6 (1985) 63 ; Phys. Lett. B418 (1998) 46 Super-symmetric coherent states of squarks, sleptons and Higgs fields Candidates for Dark Matter! - Neutral Q-balls (SENS) : the main interaction process is the catalysis of proton decay. Not relevant for NTDs. - Charged Q-balls (SECS) are similar to nuclearites and strangelets and behave like ordinary nuclei same interaction processes Z = 13e A qualitative picture (hep-ex/ ) -1 REL (MeVg cm ) Q SECS (charged) 3 ZQ =1e SENS (neutral) CR39 Threshold [black points are electrons, empty dots are s-electrons] -5-4 β -3 - REL vs β of SECS in CR39 16
17 The detector Nuclear track detectors Absorber Total area ~ 440 m One module ( cm) 17
18 The search technique Strong etching* (large tracks, easy to detect) General scan of the top surface Soft etching** Scan in the predicted position measurement of REL and direction of incident particle. * 8N KOH + 1.5% Ethyl alcohol at 70 C for 30 h ** 6N NaOH + 1% Ethyl alcohol at 70 C for 40 h No candidate passed the search criteria 18
19 Upper limits for downgoing IMMs and dyons Flux upper limit (cm- s-1 sr-1) Analyzed area : 47 m Average exposure time : 4. years 90% C.L. upper limits for a downgoing flux of IMMs with g = gd, gd, 3gD and for dyons (M+p) : cm- s-1 sr-1 for β
20 Upper limits for nuclearites and charged Q-balls 90% C.L. upper limits for a downgoing flux of NUCLEARITES and charged Q-balls : cm- s-1 sr-1 for β > Flux upper Limit (cm sr s ) β - 0
21 CONCLUSIONS The nuclear track detector CR39 was calibrated with different ions of different energies. A unique curve of p vs REL describes all the data. The best charge resolution obtained is σz ~ 0.05e. The total and partial fragmentation cross sections for Fe6+, Si14+ and C6+ ions on polyethylene, CR39 and aluminum targets were measured using CR39 The total cross sections for all the targets and energies used in the present work do not show any observable energy dependence There is a dependence on target mass, mainly due to the contribution of electromagnetic dissociation The SLIM experiment (47 m of CR39, with an average exposure time of 4. y) set 90% C.L. upper limits for a downgoing flux of : IMMs with g = gd, gd, 3gD and dyons : cm- s-1 sr -1 for β 4. - Nuclearites and strangelets : cm- s-1 sr -1 for β -4 Charged Q-balls : cm- s-1 sr-1 for β -4 1
22 SLIM scan L1 scan 3 X Mag, stereo microscope; scanned twice ~ 99% 0 40 X Mag L5 scan: X Mag Coincidence area ~ 0.5 cm Measured with 6.3ob X 5oc Mag Event p and θ are equal within 0 %
New Calibrations and Time Stability. of the Response of the INTERCAST CR-39
New Calibrations and Time Stability 20/11/2000 of the Response of the INTERCAST CR-39 S. Cecchini a,b, G. Giacomelli a, M. Giorgini a *, L. Patrizii a, P. Serra a a Dip. di Fisica dell Universita di Bologna
More informationMagnetic monopoles, nuclearites, Q-balls: a qualitative picture
DFUB 2000-6 Bologna, April 2000 Magnetic monopoles, nuclearites, Q-balls: a qualitative picture D. Bakari 1,2, S. Cecchini 1,H.Dekhissi 1,2, J. Derkaoui 1,2, G. Giacomelli 1, M. Giorgini 1, G. Mandrioli
More informationMagnetic Monopole Searches
united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization the abdus salam international centre for theoretical physics international atomic energy agency H4.SMR/1574-31 "VII School on Non-Accelerator
More informationFragmentation cross sections of 158 A GeV Pb ions in various targets measured with CR39 nuclear track detectors
Nuclear Physics A 707 (2002) 513 524 www.elsevier.com/locate/npe Fragmentation cross sections of 158 A GeV Pb ions in various targets measured with CR39 nuclear track detectors S. Cecchini a,b,g.giacomelli
More informationNuclear track detectors in particle, astroparticle and nuclear physics
REVISTA MEXICANA DE FÍSICA S 56 (1) 9 15 FEBRERO 2010 Nuclear track detectors in particle, astroparticle and nuclear physics L. Patrizii a and Z. Sahnoun a,b a INFN, Sez. Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
More informationarxiv:physics/ v1 [physics.ins-det] 25 Oct 2006
BULK ETCH RATE MEASUREMENTS AND CALIBRATIONS OF PLASTIC NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS S. Balestra 1, M. Cozzi 1, G. Giacomelli 1, R. Giacomelli 1, M. Giorgini 1, A. Kumar 1,2, G. Mandrioli 1, S. Manzoor 1,3,
More informationEmphasis on what happens to emitted particle (if no nuclear reaction and MEDIUM (i.e., atomic effects)
LECTURE 5: INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER All radiation is detected through its interaction with matter! INTRODUCTION: What happens when radiation passes through matter? Emphasis on what happens
More informationParticle Detectors. How to See the Invisible
Particle Detectors How to See the Invisible Which Subatomic Particles are Seen? Which particles live long enough to be visible in a detector? 2 Which Subatomic Particles are Seen? Protons Which particles
More informationPropagation in the Galaxy 2: electrons, positrons, antiprotons
Propagation in the Galaxy 2: electrons, positrons, antiprotons As we mentioned in the previous lecture the results of the propagation in the Galaxy depend on the particle interaction cross section. If
More informationThe interaction of radiation with matter
Basic Detection Techniques 2009-2010 http://www.astro.rug.nl/~peletier/detectiontechniques.html Detection of energetic particles and gamma rays The interaction of radiation with matter Peter Dendooven
More informationSEARCH FOR NUCLEARITES WITH THE ANTARES DETECTOR *
Romanian Reports in Physics, Vol. 64, No. 1, P. 325 333, 2012 SEARCH FOR NUCLEARITES WITH THE ANTARES DETECTOR * GABRIELA EMILIA PĂVĂLAŞ Institute for Space Science, Atomistilor 409, PO Box Mg-23, Magurele,
More informationParticle Physics Homework Assignment 4
Particle Physics Homework Assignment 4 Prof. Costas Foudas March 01 Problem 1: Show the the momentum, p of a particle moving in a circular trajectory of radius, R, in a magnetic field, B, is given by:
More informationA brief history of accelerators, detectors and experiments: (See Chapter 14 and Appendix H in Rolnick.)
Physics 557 Lecture 7 A brief history of accelerators, detectors and experiments: (See Chapter 14 and Appendix H in Rolnick.) First came the study of the debris from cosmic rays (the God-given particle
More informationAtomic and nuclear physics
Chapter 4 Atomic and nuclear physics INTRODUCTION: The technologies used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging have evolved over the last century, starting with Röntgen s discovery of X rays and Becquerel
More informationChapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter
Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter 1 Content of the chapter Introduction Interaction processes Interaction cross sections Moderation and neutrons path For more details see «Physique des Réacteurs
More informationModern Accelerators for High Energy Physics
Modern Accelerators for High Energy Physics 1. Types of collider beams 2. The Tevatron 3. HERA electron proton collider 4. The physics from colliders 5. Large Hadron Collider 6. Electron Colliders A.V.
More informationParticle accelerators
Particle accelerators Charged particles can be accelerated by an electric field. Colliders produce head-on collisions which are much more energetic than hitting a fixed target. The center of mass energy
More informationNuclear Physics and Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-30 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 4 - Detectors Binding Energy Nuclear mass MN less than sum of nucleon masses Shows nucleus is a bound (lower energy) state for this configuration
More informationThe ATLAS Experiment and the CERN Large Hadron Collider
The ATLAS Experiment and the CERN Large Hadron Collider HEP101-4 February 20, 2012 Al Goshaw 1 HEP 101 Today Introduction to HEP units Particles created in high energy collisions What can be measured in
More informationStudy of muon bundles from extensive air showers with the ALICE detector at CERN LHC
doi:.88/174-6596/718/5/0509 Study of muon bundles from extensive air showers with the ALICE detector at CERN LHC K Shtejer 1, 1 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy Centro
More informationParticle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics
Particle Detectors Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, werner.riegler@cern.ch History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics The Real World of Particles Interaction of Particles
More informationPhysics at Hadron Colliders
Physics at Hadron Colliders Part 2 Standard Model Physics Test of Quantum Chromodynamics - Jet production - W/Z production - Production of Top quarks Precision measurements -W mass - Top-quark mass QCD
More informationPhysics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 23, Physics 663, lecture 4 1
Physics 663 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 23, 2002 Physics 663, lecture 4 1 Detectors Interaction of Charged Particles and Radiation with Matter Ionization loss of charged particles Coulomb scattering
More informationThe discovery of the antiproton and other antimatter,
4 Antibaryons The discovery of the antiproton and other antimatter, 1955 1959 While the existence of antiparticles was established with Anderson s discovery of the positron in 1932, it was not clear in
More informationQuark nuggets search using gravitational waves aluminum bar detectors
Quark nuggets search using gravitational waves aluminum bar detectors Francesco Ronga a (ROG Collaboration) b INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy Abstract. Up to now there is no evidence
More informationPassage of particles through matter
Passage of particles through matter Alexander Khanov PHYS6260: Experimental Methods is HEP Oklahoma State University September 11, 2017 Delta rays During ionization, the energy is transferred to electrons
More informationExperimental Methods of Particle Physics
Experimental Methods of Particle Physics (PHY461) Fall 015 Olaf Steinkamp 36-J- olafs@physik.uzh.ch 044 63 55763 Overview 1) Introduction / motivation measurement of particle momenta: magnetic field early
More informationCR-39 TRACK DETECTORS IN COLD FUSION EXPERIMENTS: REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES. A. S. Roussetski
Introduction CR-39 TRACK DETECTORS IN COLD FUSION EXPERIMENTS: REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES A. S. Roussetski P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences e-mail rusets@x4u.lebedev.ru Earlier
More informationCRaTER Science Requirements
CRaTER Science Requirements Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter CRaTER Preliminary Design Review Justin Kasper (CRaTER Proj. Sci.) Outline Energy deposition Classical ionizing radiation Nuclear fragmentation
More informationHigh Energy Frontier Recent Results from the LHC: Heavy Ions I
High Energy Frontier Recent Results from the LHC: Heavy Ions I Ralf Averbeck ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany Winter
More informationDiscovery of muon neutrino
Discovery of muon neutrino Maria Lorenzon July 22, 2010 The article I will mainly refer to is Observation of high-energy neutrino reactions and the existence of two kinds of neutrinos, written by G. Danby,
More informationHigh Energy Particle Production by Space Plasmas
Plasmas in Astrophysics and in Laboratory, 20 21 June, 2011 High Energy Particle Production by Space Plasmas A.A.Petrukhin National Research Nuclear University MEPhI C o n t e n t s 1. Introduction 2.
More informationParticle-Matter Interactions
Particle-Matter Interactions to best detect radiations and particles we must know how they behave inside the materials 8/30/2010 PHYS6314 Prof. Lou 1 Stable Particles Visible to a Detector Hadrons (Baryon/Meson)
More informationThe Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe
The Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe Anna Goussiou Department of Physics, UW & ATLAS Collaboration, CERN Kane Hall, University of Washington
More informationINTRODUCTION TO IONIZING RADIATION (Attix Chapter 1 p. 1-5)
INTRODUCTION TO IONIZING RADIATION (Attix Chapter 1 p. 1-5) Ionizing radiation: Particle or electromagnetic radiation that is capable of ionizing matter. IR interacts through different types of collision
More informationenergy loss Ionization + excitation of atomic energy levels Mean energy loss rate de /dx proportional to (electric charge) 2 of incident particle
Lecture 4 Particle physics processes - particles are small, light, energetic à processes described by quantum mechanics and relativity à processes are probabilistic, i.e., we cannot know the outcome of
More informationThe Large Area Telescope on-board of the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission
The Large Area Telescope on-board of the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission 1 Outline Mainly from 2009 ApJ 697 1071 The Pair Conversion Telescope The Large Area Telescope Charged Background and Events
More informationYear- 1 (Heavy- Ion) Physics with CMS at the LHC
Year- 1 (Heavy- Ion) Physics with CMS at the LHC Edwin Norbeck and Yasar Onel (for the CMS collaboration) University of Iowa For the 26 th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics Ocho Rios, Jamaica 8 January
More informationRadio-chemical method
Neutrino Detectors Radio-chemical method Neutrino reactions: n+ν e => p+e - p+ν e => n+e + Radio chemical reaction in nuclei: A N Z+ν e => A-1 N(Z+1)+e - (Electron anti-neutrino, right) (Z+1) will be extracted,
More informationParticle Interactions in Detectors
Particle Interactions in Detectors Dr Peter R Hobson C.Phys M.Inst.P. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel University, Uxbridge Peter.Hobson@brunel.ac.uk http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~eestprh/
More informationComparison of UHECR spectra from necklaces and vortons
arxiv:astro-ph/0008525v1 31 Aug 2000 Comparison of UHECR spectra from necklaces and vortons Luis Masperi and Milva Orsaria Centro Latinoamericano de Física, Av. Vencenslau Bráz 71 Fundos, 22290-140 Rio
More informationElementary Particle Physics Glossary. Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016
Elementary Particle Physics Glossary Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016 1 Contents 1 Terms A-C 5 1.1 Accelerator.............................. 5 1.2 Annihilation..............................
More informationA Helium-3 polarimeter using electromagnetic interference. Nigel Buttimore
A Helium-3 polarimeter using electromagnetic interference Nigel Buttimore Trinity College Dublin 12 September 2013 PSTP 2013 09 University of Virginia OUTLINE Need a source of polarized down quarks to
More informationComparison of UHECR spectra from necklaces and vortons
arxiv:astro-ph/0008525 v1 31 Aug 2000 Comparison of UHECR spectra from necklaces and vortons Luis Masperi and Milva Orsaria Centro Latinoamericano de Física, Av. Vencenslau Bráz 71 Fundos, 22290-140 Rio
More informationThe Development of Particle Physics. Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.:
The Development of Particle Physics Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.: 0114 2224531 v.kudryavtsev@sheffield.ac.uk Discovery of the muon and the pion Energy losses of charged particles. This is an important
More informationResults from the Tevatron: Standard Model Measurements and Searches for the Higgs. Ashutosh Kotwal Duke University
Results from the Tevatron: Standard Model Measurements and Searches for the Higgs Ashutosh Kotwal Duke University SLAC Summer Institute 31 July 2007 Why Build Accelerators? From Atoms to Quarks Scattering
More informationUnravelling the Mysteries of Matter with the CERN Large Hadron Collider An Introduction/Overview of Particle Physics
Unravelling the Mysteries of Matter with the CERN Large Hadron Collider An Introduction/Overview of Particle Physics Introductory Lecture August 3rd 2014 International Centre for Theoretical Physics and
More informationIII. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation
1 III. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation a) charged particles Bethe-Bloch formula de 4πq 4 z2 e 2m v = NZ ( ) dx m v ln ln 1 0 2 β β I 0 2 2 2 z, v: atomic number and velocity of
More informationCHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS
CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Background Charged Particles Heavy charged particles Charged particles with Mass > m e α, proton, deuteron, heavy ion (e.g., C +, Fe + ), fission fragment, muon, etc. α is
More informationHigh Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013
High Energy Physics QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 The Birth of Particle Physics In 1896, Thompson showed that electrons were particles, not a fluid. In 1905, Einstein argued that photons
More informationarxiv: v2 [hep-ph] 23 Jun 2016
Energy and angular distributions of atmospheric muons at the Earth arxiv:1606.06907v [hep-ph] Jun 016 Prashant Shukla Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. Homi
More informationThe God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV I The Higgs boson
More informationGAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: IMAGING ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE FABIO ZANDANEL - SESIONES CCD
GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: IMAGING ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE COSMIC RAYS Discovered in 1912 by Victor Hess (Nobel Prize) Messengers from the non-thermal part of the Universe E < 15 ev: galactic E > 17
More informationIonization Energy Loss of Charged Projectiles in Matter. Steve Ahlen Boston University
Ionization Energy Loss of Charged Projectiles in Matter Steve Ahlen Boston University Almost all particle detection and measurement techniques in high energy physics are based on the energy deposited by
More informationDetectors for High Energy Physics
Detectors for High Energy Physics Ingrid-Maria Gregor, DESY DESY Summer Student Program 2017 Hamburg July 26th/27th Disclaimer Particle Detectors are very complex, a lot of physics is behind the detection
More informationUpgrade of ATLAS and CMS for High Luminosity LHC: Detector performance and Physics potential
IL NUOVO CIMENTO 4 C (27) 8 DOI.393/ncc/i27-78-7 Colloquia: IFAE 26 Upgrade of ATLAS and CMS for High Luminosity LHC: Detector performance and Physics potential M. Testa LNF-INFN - Frascati (RM), Italy
More informationNeutral particles energy spectra for 900 GeV and 7 TeV p-p collisions, measured by the LHCf experiment
Neutral particles energy spectra for 900 GeV and 7 TeV p-p collisions, measured by the LHCf experiment Raffaello D Alessandro 1 Department of Physics Università di Firenze and INFN-Firenze I-50019 Sesto
More informationDedicated Arrays: MEDEA GDR studies (E γ = MeV) Highly excited CN E*~ MeV, 4 T 8 MeV
Dedicated Arrays: MEDEA GDR studies (E γ = 10-25 MeV) Highly excited CN E*~ 250-350 MeV, 4 T 8 MeV γ-ray spectrum intermediate energy region 10 MeV/A E beam 100 MeV/A - large variety of emitted particles
More informationThe Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment. Conference Report. Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland
Available on CMS information server CMS CR -207/27 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment Conference Report Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH2 GENEVA 23, Switzerland 05 May 207 (v3, May 207) Search for unconventional
More informationarxiv: v1 [nucl-ex] 23 Mar 2015
Bremsstrahlung from relativistic heavy ions in a fixed target experiment at the LHC arxiv:1503.06621v1 [nucl-ex] 23 Mar 2015 Abstract Rune E. Mikkelsen, Allan H. Sørensen, Ulrik I. Uggerhøj Department
More informationLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Title Neutrino Physics with the IceCube Detector Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rq7897p Authors Kiryluk, Joanna
More informationTopic 7. Relevance to the course
Topic 7 Cosmic Rays Relevance to the course Need to go back to the elemental abundance curve Isotopes of certain low A elements such as Li, Be and B have larger abundances on Earth than you would expect
More informationThe Gamma-ray Albedo of the Moon
[albedo] the proportion of the incident light that is reflected by a surface The Gamma-ray Albedo of the Moon Igor V. Moskalenko & Troy A. Porter Astrophys. J. 670, 1467-1472 (2007) Masaki Mori ICRR CANGAROO
More informationChap. 19 Miscellaneous Detectors
Chap. 19 Miscellaneous Detectors Up to this point: Gas-filled detectors ion chambers, proportional counters, GM counters Scintillators organic, inorganic Semiconductor-based detectors Si or Ge Other possibilities:
More informationPolarizing Helium-3 for down quark spin enrichment. Nigel Buttimore
Polarizing Helium-3 for down quark spin enrichment Nigel Buttimore Trinity College Dublin 12 September 2012 Diffraction 2012 Polarized Helium-3 OUTLINE Introduction to the spin structure of polarized protons
More informationTeV Particle Physics and Physics Beyond the Standard Model
TeV Particle Physics and Physics Beyond the Standard Model Ivone Albuquerque, Alex Kusenko, Tom Weiler TeV Particle Astrophysics Madison, 28-31 Aug, 2006 TeV Particle Physics and Physics Beyond the Standard
More informationOverview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.
Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider
More informationColumbia University Department of Physics QUALIFYING EXAMINATION
Columbia University Department of Physics QUALIFYING EXAMINATION Friday, January 14, 2011 1:00PM to 3:00PM General Physics (Part I) Section 5. Two hours are permitted for the completion of this section
More informationDirectional Dark Matter Search with the Fine Grained Nuclear Emulsion
Directional Dark Matter Search with the Fine Grained Nuclear Emulsion, T. Katsuragawa, M. Yoshimoto, K. Hakamata, M. Ishikawa, A. Umemoto, S. Furuya, S. Machii, K. Kuwabara, T. Nakano Graduated School
More informationAstronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Luis A. Anchordoqui Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College, City University of New York Lesson IX April 12, 2016 arxiv:0706.1988 L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY)
More informationThe Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment. Conference Report. Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland
Available on CMS information server CMS CR -2018/225 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment Conference Report Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland 27 September 2018 (v2, 19 November
More informationLast Lecture 1) Silicon tracking detectors 2) Reconstructing track momenta
Last Lecture 1) Silicon tracking detectors 2) Reconstructing track momenta Today s Lecture: 1) Electromagnetic and hadronic showers 2) Calorimeter design Absorber Incident particle Detector Reconstructing
More informationGeant4 simulations of the lead fluoride calorimeter
Geant4 simulations of the lead fluoride calorimeter A.A. Savchenko a, *, A.A. Tishchenko a, S.B. Dabagov a,b, A. Anastasi b,c, G. Venanzoni b, M.N. Strikhanov a (et al.) a National Research Nuclear University
More informationParticle Energy Loss in Matter
Particle Energy Loss in Matter Charged particles, except electrons, loose energy when passing through material via atomic excitation and ionization These are protons, pions, muons, The energy loss can
More informationLecture 14 (11/1/06) Charged-Particle Interactions: Stopping Power, Collisions and Ionization
22.101 Applied Nuclear Physics (Fall 2006) Lecture 14 (11/1/06) Charged-Particle Interactions: Stopping Power, Collisions and Ionization References: R. D. Evans, The Atomic Nucleus (McGraw-Hill, New York,
More informationParticle Physics (concise summary) QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013
Particle Physics (concise summary) QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 Matter Particles Quarks: Leptons: Anti-matter Particles Anti-quarks: Anti-leptons: Hadrons Stable bound states of quarks Baryons:
More information- ~200 times heavier than the e GeV µ travels on average. - does not interact strongly. - does emit bremsstrahlung in
Muons M. Swartz 1 Muons: everything you ve ever wanted to know The muon was first observed in cosmic ray tracks in a cloud chamber by Carl Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer in 1937. It was eventually shown
More informationPreliminary results of SI2 experiment obtained by PADC track etch detectors J. Szabó, J. K. Pálfalvi, B. Dudás
Preliminary results of SI2 experiment obtained by PADC track etch detectors J. Szabó, J. K. Pálfalvi, B. Dudás Hungarian Academy of Sciences KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute P.O.B. 49, H-1525 Budapest,
More informationarxiv: v2 [physics.ins-det] 7 Apr 2017
Study of radiation background at various high altitude locations in preparation for rare event search in cosmic rays R. Bhattacharyya a, S. Dey a, Sanjay K. Ghosh a,b, A. Maulik a, Sibaji Raha a,b, D.
More informationProperties of the nucleus. 9.1 Nuclear Physics. Isotopes. Stable Nuclei. Size of the nucleus. Size of the nucleus
Properties of the nucleus 9. Nuclear Physics Properties of nuclei Binding Energy Radioactive decay Natural radioactivity Consists of protons and neutrons Z = no. of protons (tomic number) N = no. of neutrons
More informationThe Physics of Cosmic Rays
The Physics of Cosmic Rays QuarkNet summer workshop July 23-27, 2012 1 Recent History Most natural phenomena can be explained by a small number of simple rules. You can determine what these rules are by
More informationThe Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays and New Cosmological Problems
Copyright 2016 by Sylwester Kornowski All rights reserved The Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays and New Cosmological Problems Sylwester Kornowski Abstract: Here, within the Scale-Symmetric Theory
More informationInteraction of particles with matter - 2. Silvia Masciocchi, GSI and University of Heidelberg SS2017, Heidelberg May 3, 2017
Interaction of particles with matter - 2 Silvia Masciocchi, GSI and University of Heidelberg SS2017, Heidelberg May 3, 2017 Energy loss by ionization (by heavy particles) Interaction of electrons with
More informationMapping the Nuclear Matter Phase Diagram with STAR: Au+Al at 2.8 AGeV and Au+Au at 19.6 GeV
Mapping the Nuclear Matter Phase Diagram with STAR: Au+Al at 2.8 AGeV and Au+Au at 19.6 GeV Samantha G Brovko June 14, 2011 1 INTRODUCTION In ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions a partonic state of
More informationDetectors in Nuclear Physics (48 hours)
Detectors in Nuclear Physics (48 hours) Silvia Leoni, Silvia.Leoni@mi.infn.it http://www.mi.infn.it/~sleoni Complemetary material: Lectures Notes on γ-spectroscopy LAB http://www.mi.infn.it/~bracco Application
More informationInteraction with matter
Interaction with matter accelerated motion: ss = bb 2 tt2 tt = 2 ss bb vv = vv 0 bb tt = vv 0 2 ss bb EE = 1 2 mmvv2 dddd dddd = mm vv 0 2 ss bb 1 bb eeeeeeeeeeee llllllll bbbbbbbbbbbbbb dddddddddddddddd
More information14 Top Quark. Completing the Third Generation
14 Top Quark Completing the Third Generation No one could doubt that there would be a sixth quark, the top or t, but it was equally certain that initially no one knew where it would be found. With the
More information(a) (b) Fig. 1 - The LEP/LHC tunnel map and (b) the CERN accelerator system.
Introduction One of the main events in the field of particle physics at the beginning of the next century will be the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This machine will be installed into
More informationWeak Interactions. The Theory of GLASHOW, SALAM and WEINBERG
Weak Interactions The Theory of GLASHOW, SALAM and WEINBERG ~ 1959-1968 (Nobel 1979) Theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction, transmitted by exchange of intermediate vector bosons mass
More informationFirst some Introductory Stuff => On The Web.
First some Introductory Stuff => On The Web http://hep.physics.utoronto.ca/~orr/wwwroot/phy357/phy357s.htm PHY357 = What is the Universe Made Of? Is the Universe Made of These? Proton = (u u d) held
More informationWhat is the HIGGS BOSON and why does physics need it?
What is the HIGGS BOSON and why does physics need it? Stephen Naculich, Department of Physics Uncommon Hour Talk, May 3, 2013 THE HIGGS BOSON 1964: new particle predicted by Peter Higgs THE HIGGS BOSON
More informationNeutrino detection. Kate Scholberg, Duke University International Neutrino Summer School Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 2015
Neutrino detection Kate Scholberg, Duke University International Neutrino Summer School Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 2015 Sources of wild neutrinos The Big Bang The Atmosphere (cosmic rays) Super novae AGN's,
More informationDetectors for astroparticle physics
Detectors for astroparticle physics Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia marrodan@physik.uzh.ch Universität Zürich Kern und Teilchenphysik II, Zürich 07.05.2010 Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia (UZH) Detectors for astroparticle
More informationFACULTY OF SCIENCE. High Energy Physics. WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON
FACULTY OF SCIENCE High Energy Physics WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON AIM: To explore nature on the smallest length scales we can achieve Current status (10-20 m)
More informationThe Gamma Factory proposal for CERN
The Gamma Factory proposal for CERN Photon-2017 Conference, May 2017 Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny LPNHE, CNRS and University Paris Sorbonne 1 The Gamma Factory in a nutshell Accelerate and store high energy
More informationChapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time
Chapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time Expansion of Universe implies dense, hot start: Big Bang Future of universe depends on the total amount of dark and normal matter Amount of matter
More informationEXPERIMENT 11: NUCLEAR RADIATION
Introduction: radioactive nuclei. third is electromagnetic radiation. EXPERIMENT 11: NUCLEAR RADIATION In this lab, you will be investigating three types of emissions from Two types of these emissions
More informationHigh-p T Neutral Pion Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at SPS and RHIC
High- Neutral Pion Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at SPS and RHIC K. Reygers for the WA98 and the PHENIX collaboration Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, D-4849 Münster,
More informationEnergy Spectrum of all Electrons and Positron Fraction
Energy Spectrum of all Electrons and Positron Fraction Dr. Rena Majumdar Department of Physics Bhairab Ganguly College Kolkata-56, India renabkp021@gmail.com Abstract The absolute differential energy spectrum
More informationMagnetic Monopole Searches
Magnetic Monopole Searches G. Giacomelli and L. Patrizii arxiv:hep-ex/0302011v2 14 Feb 2003 Dipartimento di Fisica dell Università di Bologna and INFN, Sezione di Bologna Viale C. Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127,
More information