GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: IMAGING ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE FABIO ZANDANEL - SESIONES CCD
|
|
- Emory Patterson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: IMAGING ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE
2 COSMIC RAYS Discovered in 1912 by Victor Hess (Nobel Prize) Messengers from the non-thermal part of the Universe E < 15 ev: galactic E > 17 ev: extra-gal.
3 COSMIC RAYS Cosmic Rays composition: ~89% PROTONS ~9% α-particles ~1% IONIZED HEAVIER ELEMENTS ~1% ELECTRONS ~0.1% PHOTONS The main part of the CRs are charged particles and hence interact with the interstellar magnetic fields, i.e. those particles arrive to the Earth isotropically, making impossible to reconstruct neither the original direction of the emitters nor an eventual time structure of the signals
4 GAMMA RAYS The particles keeping the directional information are the neutral ones: NEUTRONS (too short lifetime) NEUTRINOS (extreme low cross-section very large detectors) PHOTONS GAMMA RAYS trace back to the origin of their generator, carry energy information about it and preserve the time structure of the emission signal
5 GAMMA RAYS Medium Energy (< 30 MeV): completely absorbed by the atmosphere, only satellite telescopes can detect them High Energy (30 MeV 100 GeV): satellite telescopes and high-quote balloons are the main detectors Very High Energy (100 GeV 10 TeV): gamma-rays are so energetic that crossing Earth atmosphere they produce Electromagnetic Showers well detectable by ground-based telescopes (like IACTs) Ultra High Energy (> 10 TeV): these particles produce Extended Air Showers that could also be detected by groundbased telescopes, but with very low fluxes
6 SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES They detect gamma-rays directly from the space First gamma-rays observation by Explorer XI in 1965 The most important was EGRET hosted by the CGRO satellite ( )
7 SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES EGRET gave us the actual picture of the high-energy Universe with about 270 gamma-ray sources
8 SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES EGRET gave us the actual picture of the high-energy Universe with about 270 gamma-ray sources
9 SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES Now, we are entering in a new exciting era of gamma-ray astronomy: on June 11th (2008) FERMI/GLAST satellite was successfully launched on board of a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral
10 SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES Now, we are entering in a new exciting era of gamma-ray astronomy: on June 11th (2008) FERMI satellite was successfully launched on board of a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Only about 100 hours!!! FERMI will revolutionize our view of the highenergy Universe!!!
11 GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES The most used technique is the IACT: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique Collection of the Cherenkov light, emitted by electrons and positrons in atmospheric shower due to the CRs impinging the Earth atmosphere The first detector using this technique was the Whipple Telescope: in 1989 it discovered TeV emission from the Crab Nebula, that now is the standard candle for the very high-energy astronomy!
12 GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES Nowadays, there are four operative IACT: MAGIC HESS VERITAS CANGAROO Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope (Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain)
13 GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES Nowadays, there are four operative IACT: MAGIC HESS VERITAS CANGAROO High Energy Stereoscopic System (near Gamsberg, Namibia)
14 GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES Nowadays, there are four operative IACT: MAGIC HESS VERITAS CANGAROO Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (Amado, Arizona, USA)
15 GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES Nowadays, there are four operative IACT: MAGIC HESS VERITAS CANGAROO Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback (Woomera, Australia)
16 IACT TECHNIQUE Cosmic Rays hardly reach the Earth ground, but instead collide with the nucleons (nitrogen) present in the atmosphere: new particles are created which themselves interact with the atmosphere atoms, leading to the creation of an AIR SHOWER Depending on the incident particle, i.e. hadron or electromagnetic particle, distinction is made between ELECTROMAGNETIC and HADRONIC SHOWERS
17 IACT TECHNIQUE Electromagnetic Shower (γ, e-) Hadronic Shower
18 IACT TECHNIQUE Electromagnetic Shower (γ, e-) Hadronic Shower
19 IACT TECHNIQUE IACTs are based on the detection of the Cherenkov light emitted by atmospheric showers induced by cosmic rays The Cherenkov effect was discovered from the namesake Russian physicist in 1934
20 IACT TECHNIQUE CHERENKOV EFFECT: Cherenkov effect occurs when a charged particle travels into a dielectric medium of refractive index n, with a speed exceeding the light speed in the medium c/n. When a charge moves in a dielectric medium, a polarisation occurs (a). When the particle velocity is superluminal v>c/n, the particle is moving faster than the electromagnetic information which induce the polarisation. A coherent wave-front appears at an angle θ, and the emitted radiation is called CHERENKOV LIGHT
21 IACT TECHNIQUE Electrons are the main emitters of Cherenkov light The surface hit by the Cherenkov light is a circle of about 150 m
22 IACT TECHNIQUE Electrons are the main emitters of Cherenkov light Low energy primary particle implies a lower photon density, thus a larger detection area is needed The surface hit by the Cherenkov light is a circle of about 150 m
23 IACT TECHNIQUE IACTs do not detect directly the gamma-rays emitted by an observed astrophysical object, they detect Cherenkov light emitted by air showers electron-positron pairs after the gamma-rays interactions with the Earth atmosphere
24 IACT TECHNIQUE IACTs do not detect directly the gamma-rays emitted by an observed astrophysical object, they detect Cherenkov light emitted by air showers electron-positron pairs after the gamma-rays interactions with the Earth atmosphere primary task for an IACT is the identification of the difference between electromagnetic and hadronic cascades: since the gamma-ray to charged cosmic ray ratio is of about 10-4 a very powerful technique is needed in order to distinguish the gamma events from the dominating hadronic ones Imaging Technique: study the atmospheric shower by analysing the images produced by Cherenkov photons when they are focused on a plane
25 IACT TECHNIQUE IACTs do not detect directly the gamma-rays emitted by an observed astrophysical object, they detect Cherenkov light emitted by air showers electron-positron pairs after the gamma-rays interactions with the Earth atmosphere primary task for an IACT is the identification of the difference between electromagnetic and hadronic cascades: since the gamma-ray to charged cosmic ray ratio is of about 10-4 a very powerful technique is needed in order to distinguish the gamma events from the dominating hadronic ones Imaging Technique: study the atmospheric shower by analysing the images produced by Cherenkov photons when they are focused on a plane IACT instruments can be considered as operators transforming arrival directions of the detected photons into distance from the centers forming a shower image: a parabolic mirror surface reflects the incoming light and concentrates it into a pixelled camera which converts the electromagnetic radiation into electronic signal
26 IACT TECHNIQUE Cherenkov photons ~ 1o image on telescope camera typical elliptic shape
27 IACT TECHNIQUE head Cherenkov photons ~ 1o image on telescope camera typical elliptic shape
28 IACT TECHNIQUE head Cherenkov photons ~ 1o image on telescope camera tail typical elliptic shape
29 IACT TECHNIQUE images analysis ~ 1o INTENSITY: primary particle energy
30 IACT TECHNIQUE images analysis gamma event image points toward the camera center ~ 1o ~ 1o INTENSITY: primary particle energy ORIENTATION: incoming isotropic distributions of events direction direction hadronic event
31 IACT TECHNIQUE images analysis gamma event elliptic shape very compact ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o roundish shape fragmentation INTENSITY: primary particle energy ORIENTATION: incoming direction SHAPE: primary particle nature hadronic event
32 IACT TECHNIQUE Image Parametrisation IMAGE PARAMETERS (or Hillas parameters) Main Image Parameters: ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o ALPHA: angle between major axis and the center of gravity-camera center direction SIZE: total number of collected photons
33 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Sample Selection: ON, OFF and Monte Carlo data Calibration: charge number of photons Image Cleaning : ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o Image parameters calculation: parametrisation parameters
34 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS GAMMA-HADRON separation RANDOM FOREST (multidimensional classification method): gamma sample (MC) hadron sample (ON/OFF) a set of discriminating image parameters ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o global parameter HADRONNESS: real number [0,1] 0 gamma-like event 1 hadron-like event
35 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS GAMMA-HADRON separation global parameter HADRONNESS: real number [0,1] 0 gamma-like event 1 hadron-like event ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o Rejection hadron-like events gamma (Hadronnes Cut) hadrons
36 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Gamma events are selected from an Alpha distribution α-plot CRAB NEBULA DATA SAMPLE ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o
37 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Gamma events are selected from an Alpha distribution α-plot CRAB NEBULA DATA SAMPLE Hadronness cut: Excess events (gamma ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o events characterised by small alpha values) Background events (hadronic events have a random Alpha distribution)
38 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Gamma events are selected from an Alpha distribution α-plot CRAB NEBULA DATA SAMPLE A source is detected if the signal significance is greater than 5σ ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o
39 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Gamma events are selected from an Alpha distribution α-plot CRAB NEBULA DATA SAMPLE A source is detected if the signal significance is greater than 5σ ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o
40 THE MAGIC TELESCOPE IACT located in the Canary Island La Palma (2225m a.s.l.) field of view: 3.5 angular resolution: 0.1 energy range: 50 GeV 10 TeV ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1oenergy resolution: 20 30% flux sensitivity: 1.6% Crab Nebula flux (5σ in 50 hours) fast repositioning (< 40 sec) for GRB observations parabolic reflecting surface of 17 m diameter (250 m2) camera composed by 577 photo-multipliers multilevel trigger 2 GHz MuX FADC LARGEST SINGLE-DISH LOWEST ENERGY THRESHOLD
41 TARGETS ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o
42 GRACIAS ~ 1o ~ 1o ~ 1o
Gamma-ray Astrophysics
Gamma-ray Astrophysics AGN Pulsar SNR GRB Radio Galaxy The very high energy -ray sky NEPPSR 25 Aug. 2004 Many thanks to Rene Ong at UCLA Guy Blaylock U. of Massachusetts Why gamma rays? Extragalactic Background
More informationDATA ANALYSIS: EXTRACTING SCIENCE FROM MAGIC
DATA ANALYSIS: EXTRACTING SCIENCE FROM MAGIC Uta Menzel YSW Ringberg 2015, 6. 7. 2015 OUTLINE MAGIC telescopes Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique (IACT) Telescope hardware Standard analysis Signal extraction
More informationThe H.E.S.S. Standard Analysis Technique
The H.E.S.S. Standard Analysis Technique Wystan Benbow for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik Postfach 103980 D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany The High Energy Stereoscopic System
More informationKathrin Egberts Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration
Kathrin Egberts Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration Outline The H.E.S.S. Experiment The H.E.S.S. Electron Measurement Gamma-Ray Background Hadronic Background
More informationVERITAS Design. Vladimir Vassiliev Whipple Observatory Harvard-Smithsonian CfA
VERITAS Design Vladimir Vassiliev Whipple Observatory Harvard-Smithsonian CfA VERITAS design goals VERITAS is a ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy VERITAS design is derived from scientific
More informationSupernova Remnants as Cosmic Ray Accelerants. By Jamie Overbeek Advised by Prof. J. Finley
Supernova Remnants as Cosmic Ray Accelerants By Jamie Overbeek Advised by Prof. J. Finley Cosmic Rays Discovered by Victor Hess in 1911 during a balloon flight through Austria He used an electroscope to
More informationSimulations for H.E.S.S.
Simulations for H.E.S.S. by K. Bernlöhr MPIK Heidelberg & HU Berlin Air shower measurement methods Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes In the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) technique,
More informationUltra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: A Tale of Two Observatories
Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: A Tale of Two Observatories RuoYu Shang Nicholas Sherer Fei Sun Bryce Thurston Measurement of the Depth of Maximumof Extensive Air Showers above 10 18 ev,"phys. Rev. Letters104(2010)
More informationCherenkov Telescope Array Status Report. Salvatore Mangano (CIEMAT) On behalf of the CTA consortium
Cherenkov Telescope Array Status Report Salvatore Mangano (CIEMAT) On behalf of the CTA consortium Outline Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Expected Performance of CTA
More informationPress release. The engine of the Crab Nebula
Press release The engine of the Crab Nebula MAGIC telescopes observe a pulsar at the highest energies yet achieved and strongly challenge current theories for the emission. The pulsar at the heart of the
More informationThe DISP analysis method for point-like or extended γ source searches/studies with the MAGIC Telescope
9th International Cosmic Ray Conference Pune (5), 11 16 The DISP analysis method for point-like or extended γ source searches/studies with the MAGIC Telescope E. Domingo-Santamaría a, J. Flix a, V. Scalzotto
More informationPhysics with Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Rays
Physics with Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Rays Manel Martinez XXXII International Meeting on Fundamental Physics Alicante, March 2004 Outline: - Introduction - Detection - Physics - Outlook Introduction
More informationGRB observations at very high energies with the MAGIC telescopes
GRB observations at very high energies with the telescopes Markus Garczarczyk - for the collaboration - Markus GRB2012 Garczarczyk Munich GRB2012 May 2012 Munich Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov
More informationRivelazione da terra di fotoni di alta energia
con tecnica Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera October 5, 2011 The VHE γ ray region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Early steps towards High Energy Astrophysics Cosmic
More informationHigh-energy neutrino detection with the ANTARES underwater erenkov telescope. Manuela Vecchi Supervisor: Prof. Antonio Capone
High-energy neutrino detection with the ANTARES underwater erenkov telescope Supervisor: Prof. Antonio Capone 1 Outline Neutrinos: a short introduction Multimessenger astronomy: the new frontier Neutrino
More informationDetectors for astroparticle physics
Detectors for astroparticle physics Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia marrodan@physik.uzh.ch Universität Zürich Kern und Teilchenphysik II, Zürich 07.05.2010 Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia (UZH) Detectors for astroparticle
More informationSearch for TeV Radiation from Pulsar Tails
Search for TeV Radiation from Pulsar Tails E. Zetterlund 1 1 Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA (Dated: September 9, 2012) The field of very high energy astrophysics is looking at the universe
More information(Future) Experiments for gamma-ray detection
(Future) Experiments for gamma-ray detection K. Ragan McGill University ISSS (GSSI) June 2017 Cosmic Ray Physics in Space K. Ragan ISSS Jun 2017 1 Menu Antipasti Introduction & motivation: why study GeV/TeV
More informationCosmic ray indirect detection. Valerio Vagelli I.N.F.N. Perugia, Università degli Studi di Perugia Corso di Fisica dei Raggi Cosmici A.A.
Cosmic ray indirect detection Valerio Vagelli I.N.F.N. Perugia, Università degli Studi di Perugia Corso di Fisica dei Raggi Cosmici A.A. 2016/2017 Cosmic Rays Cosmic ray flux at Earth! 1 particle per m
More informationThe Extreme Universe Rene A. Ong Univ. of Michigan Colloquium University of California, Los Angeles 23 March 2005
The Extreme Universe Rene A. Ong Univ. of Michigan Colloquium University of California, Los Angeles 23 March 2005 OUTLINE Introduction Messengers,, energy scales, & questions. Detecting Very High Energy
More informationTHE PATH TOWARDS THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY OBSERVATORY. Patrizia Caraveo
THE PATH TOWARDS THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY OBSERVATORY Patrizia Caraveo 5 y integration of the gamma-ray sky Optical +TeV The TeV sky > 40, Active Galactic Nuclei (Blazars) AGN TeV by electrons (strong
More informationRecent Results from CANGAROO
1 Recent Results from CANGAROO MASAKI MORI for the CANGAROO team Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan E-mail: morim@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp http://icrhp9.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
More informationREU Final Presentation: VERITAS Update. Summer 2011 Advisors: John Finley and Glenn Sembroski Purdue University By: Kara Ponder
REU Final Presentation: VERITAS Update Summer 2011 Advisors: John Finley and Glenn Sembroski Purdue University By: Kara Ponder Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System Ground-based gamma-ray
More informationThe Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Tova Yoast-Hull May 2011 The primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is the Large Area Telescope (LAT) which detects gamma-rays in the energy
More informationIntegral flux (cm -2 s -1 )
CANGAROO, PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE Akiko KAWACHI Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, JAPAN, kawachi@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp For the CANGAROO Collaboration 1. Introduction
More informationThe early days of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy in France. Gerard Fontaine - Hillas symposium Heidelberg December
The early days of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy in France Gerard Fontaine - Hillas symposium Heidelberg December 10-12 2018 Timeline from 1986 to 2004 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
More informationNon-thermal emission from pulsars experimental status and prospects
Non-thermal emission from pulsars experimental status and prospects # γ!"# $%&'() TeV γ-ray astrophysics with VERITAS ( $γ" *$%&'() The charged cosmic radiation - how it all began... Discovery: Victor
More informationRECENT RESULTS FROM CANGAROO
RECENT RESULTS FROM CANGAROO MASAKI MORI FOR THE CANGAROO TEAM Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan E-mail: morim@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp
More informationExtreme high-energy variability of Markarian 421
Extreme high-energy variability of Markarian 421 Mrk 421 an extreme blazar Previous observations outstanding science issues 2001 Observations by VERITAS/Whipple 10 m 2001 Light Curve Energy spectrum is
More informationVHE Gamma-Ray Future Project: Beyond CANGAROO
VHE Gamma-Ray Future Project: Beyond CANGAROO Takanori Yoshikoshi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 77-858, Japan tyoshiko@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp We have
More informationAGIS (Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System)
AGIS (Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System) Seth Digel, Stefan Funk and Hiro Tajima SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Outline AGIS project and status
More informationTHE PATH TOWARDS THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY OBSERVATORY. Patrizia Caraveo
THE PATH TOWARDS THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY OBSERVATORY Patrizia Caraveo 1 st Interaction: X 0 40 g/cm 2 pair = 9/7 X 0 50 g/cm 2 X = X A e h/h0 and X A 10 3 g/cm 2 h pair = h 0 ln(x A / pair ) 20 km
More informationRecent Observations of Supernova Remnants
1 Recent Observations of Supernova Remnants with VERITAS Tülün Ergin (U. of Massachusetts Amherst, MA) on behalf of the VERITAS Collaboration (http://veritas.sao.arizona.edu) 2 Contents Supernova Remnants
More informationImproving H.E.S.S. cosmic-ray background rejection by means of a new Gamma-Ray Air Shower Parametrisation (GRASP)
Improving H.E.S.S. cosmic-ray background rejection by means of a new Gamma-Ray Air Shower Parametrisation (GRASP) a, Francois Brun b and Robert Parsons a a Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg,
More informationFuture Gamma-Ray Observations of Pulsars and their Environments
Future Gamma-Ray Observations of Pulsars and their Environments David J. Thompson NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GLAST Large Area Telescope Collaboration djt@egret.gsfc.nasa.gov D. Thompson 363 rd Heraeus
More informationLATTES Large Array Telescope to Tracking Energetic Sources
LATTES Large Array Telescope to Tracking Energetic Sources Ronald Cintra Shellard CBPF 1 Lattes LATTES Ochiallini 2 LATTES Lattes started as a name and a project submitted to CNPq at least in 2009: Very
More informationFeasibility of VHE gamma ray detection by an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes using the fluorescence technique
Feasibility of VHE gamma ray detection by an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes using the fluorescence technique J.L. Contreras, J. Rosado, F. Arqueros,, J.A. Barrio and M. Nievas Departamento
More informationGamma-ray Astrophysics with VERITAS: Exploring the violent Universe
Gamma-ray Astrophysics with VERITAS: Exploring the violent Universe K. Ragan McGill University Soup & Science 11-Jan-2008 Soup & Science Jan. '08 1 How do we know about the Universe? Historically, all
More informationThe LHAASO-KM2A detector array and physical expectations. Reporter:Sha Wu Mentor: Huihai He and Songzhan Chen
The LHAASO-KM2A detector array and physical expectations Reporter:Sha Wu Mentor: Huihai He and Songzhan Chen Outline 1. Introduction 2. The KM2A Detector Array 3. Physical Expectations 3.1 Sensitivity
More informationVariable atmospheric transparency studies for the MAGIC telescopes
technische universität dortmund Variable atmospheric transparency studies for the MAGIC telescopes Nikola Strah (1), Dario Hrupec (2) for the MAGIC collaboration (1) Astroparticle physics group, Technische
More informationMilagro A TeV Observatory for Gamma Ray Bursts
Milagro A TeV Observatory for Gamma Ray Bursts B.L. Dingus and the Milagro Collaboration Los Alamos National Laboratory University of Maryland, University of California Santa Cruz, University of California
More informationHigh Energy Emission. Brenda Dingus, LANL HAWC
High Energy Emission from GRBs Brenda Dingus, LANL HAWC What are GRBs? Cosmological distance Typical observed z>1 Energy released is up to few times the rest mass of Sun (if isotropic) in a few seconds
More informationStatus and Future of the HESS experiment
Status and Future of the HESS experiment Martin Tluczykont for the HESS Collaboration LLR Ecole Polytechnique Joint Symposium on GeV-TeV Astrophysics in the GLAST Era Stanford, September 2004 HESS Phase
More informationStatus of the MAGIC telescopes
SNOWPAC 2010 Status of the MAGIC telescopes Pierre Colin for the MAGIC collaboration Max-Planck-Institut für physik (Munich) Status of the MAGIC telescopes MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2 Outline: Recent results of the
More informationMeasurement of the CR e+/e- ratio with ground-based instruments
Measurement of the CR e+/e- ratio with ground-based instruments Pierre Colin Max-Planck-Institut für Physik CR Moon shadow MPP retreat - 21 January 2014 Cosmic ray electrons Observation: Above the atmosphere:
More informationVery High-Energy Gamma- Ray Astrophysics
Very High-Energy Gamma- Ray Astrophysics David A. Williams Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics UC Santa Cruz Quarknet July 12, 2013 Detecting High Energy Gamma Rays High Sensitivity HESS, MAGIC,
More informationPoS(Extremesky 2011)036
Univ. Complutense of Madrid E-mail: marcos@gae.ucm.es The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes were designed to reach the lowest possible energy threshold using the ground-based
More informationCOSMIC RAYS DAY INTRODUCTION TO COSMIC RAYS WINDWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE - SEPTEMBER 26, 2015 VERONICA BINDI - UNIVERSITY OH HAWAII
COSMIC RAYS DAY WINDWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE - SEPTEMBER 26, 2015 VERONICA BINDI - UNIVERSITY OH HAWAII INTRODUCTION TO COSMIC RAYS MAJOR QUESTIONS: Are there forms of matter in the Universe that do not
More informationGamma-Ray Astronomy with a Wide Field of View detector operated at Extreme Altitude in the Southern Hemisphere.
Gamma-Ray Astronomy with a Wide Field of View detector operated at Extreme Altitude in the Southern Hemisphere., S. Miozzi, R. Santonico INFN - Rome Tor Vergata, Italy E-mail: disciascio@roma.infn.it P.
More informationIceCube. francis halzen. why would you want to build a a kilometer scale neutrino detector? IceCube: a cubic kilometer detector
IceCube francis halzen why would you want to build a a kilometer scale neutrino detector? IceCube: a cubic kilometer detector the discovery (and confirmation) of cosmic neutrinos from discovery to astronomy
More informationNeutrino Oscillations and Astroparticle Physics (5) John Carr Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (IN2P3/CNRS) Pisa, 10 May 2002
Neutrino Oscillations and Astroparticle Physics (5) John Carr Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (IN2P3/CNRS) Pisa, 10 May 2002 n High Energy Astronomy Multi-Messanger Astronomy Cosmic Rays
More informationParameters Sensitive to the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays and Their Application at the Pierre Auger Observatory
WDS'12 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part III, 137 141, 2012. ISBN 978-80-7378-226-9 MATFYZPRESS Parameters Sensitive to the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays and Their Application at the Pierre Auger
More informationHighlights from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment
Highlights from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment Ivan De Mitri University of Salento and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Lecce, Italy On behalf of the ARGO-YBJ Collaboration 12th International Conference
More informationDetecting High Energy Cosmic Rays with LOFAR
Detecting High Energy Cosmic Rays with LOFAR Andreas Horneffer for the LOFAR-CR Team LOFAR CR-KSP: Main Motivation Exploring the sub-second transient radio sky: Extensive Air showers as guaranteed signal
More informationJustin Vandenbroucke (KIPAC, Stanford / SLAC) for the Fermi LAT collaboration
Measurement of the cosmic ray positron spectrum with the Fermi LAT using the Earth s magnetic field Justin Vandenbroucke (KIPAC, Stanford / SLAC) for the Fermi LAT collaboration International Cosmic Ray
More informationCosmic Rays. M. Swartz. Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Cosmic Rays M. Swartz 1 History Cosmic rays were discovered in 1912 by Victor Hess: he discovered that a charged electroscope discharged more rapidly as he flew higher in a balloon hypothesized they were
More informationCosmic Rays - R. A. Mewaldt - California Institute of Technology
Cosmic Rays - R. A. Mewaldt - California Institute of Technology Cosmic rays are high energy charged particles, originating in outer space, that travel at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth
More informationMass Composition Study at the Pierre Auger Observatory
OBSERVATORY Mass Composition Study at the Pierre Auger Observatory Laura Collica for the Auger Milano Group 4.04.2013, Astrosiesta INAF Milano 1 Outline The physics: The UHECR spectrum Extensive Air Showers
More informationIceCube: Dawn of Multi-Messenger Astronomy
IceCube: Dawn of Multi-Messenger Astronomy Introduction Detector Description Multi-Messenger look at the Cosmos Updated Diffuse Astrophysical Neutrino Data Future Plans Conclusions Ali R. Fazely, Southern
More informationParticle Physics Beyond Laboratory Energies
Particle Physics Beyond Laboratory Energies Francis Halzen Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center Nature s accelerators have delivered the highest energy protons, photons and neutrinos closing
More informationTopic 7. Relevance to the course
Topic 7 Cosmic Rays Relevance to the course Need to go back to the elemental abundance curve Isotopes of certain low A elements such as Li, Be and B have larger abundances on Earth than you would expect
More informationMonte Carlo Studies for a Future Instrument. Stephen Fegan Vladimir Vassiliev UCLA
Monte Carlo Studies for a Future Instrument Stephen Fegan Vladimir Vassiliev UCLA Approach to simulations CORSIKA 6200, 6500, 6502 w/bernlöhr Simulation of response of a single cell of an infinite array
More informationA NEW GENERATION OF GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE
A NEW GENERATION OF GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE Aleksandar GOSTOJIĆ CSNSM, Orsay, France 11 th Russbach School on Nuclear Astrophysics, March 2014. Introduction: Gamma-ray instruments GROUND BASED: ENERGY HIGHER
More informationThe Whipple Collaboration
TEV GAMMA RAY EMISSION FROM THE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS MARKARIAN 421 The Whipple Collaboration M. Schubnell, 1 C. W. Akerlof, ~ M. F. Cawley, 2 M. Chantell, 3 V. Connaughton, 3 D. J. Fegan, 4 S. Fennell,
More informationH.E.S.S. Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources in a Pulsar Wind Nebula Scenario And HESS J
H.E.S.S. Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources in a Pulsar Wind Nebula Scenario And HESS J1303-631 Matthew Dalton Humboldt University at Berlin For the H.E.S.S. Collaboration TeV Particle Astrophysics, Paris.
More informationThe new Siderius Nuncius: Astronomy without light
The new Siderius Nuncius: Astronomy without light K. Ragan McGill University STARS 09-Feb-2010 1609-2009 four centuries of telescopes McGill STARS Feb. '10 1 Conclusions Optical astronomy has made dramatic
More informationA MONTE CARLO STUDY OF DIFFERENT DETECTOR GEOMETRIES FOR HAWC. Iris Gebauer A THESIS
A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF DIFFERENT DETECTOR GEOMETRIES FOR HAWC By Iris Gebauer A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
More informationarxiv:astro-ph/ v1 14 Jun 1999
Current Status of VHE Astronomy Gus Sinnis Los Alamos National Laboratory arxiv:astro-ph/9906242v1 14 Jun 1999 Very-high-energy astronomy studies the Universe at energies between 30 GeV and 100 TeV. The
More informationTenTen: A new IACT Array for Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Astronomy
TenTen: A new IACT Array for Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Astronomy Gavin Rowell, Roger Clay, Greg Thornton, Victor Stamatescu (University of Adelaide) Searching for PeV CR Accelerators Adelaide Dec 2006 The H.E.S.S.
More informationFermi Summer School Jordan Goodman - University of Maryland AIR SHOWERS. Fermi Summer School - J. Goodman 2017
Fermi Summer School 2017 Jordan Goodman - University of Maryland AIR SHOWERS Fermi Summer School - J. Goodman 2017 1 Cosmic Ray Discovery Physikalische Zeitschrift: The results of these observations seem
More informationVery High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics with ARGO-YBJ
Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics with ARGO-YBJ Ivan DE MITRI Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Lecce and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Lecce,, ITALY On behalf of the
More informationPERSPECTIVES of HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY. Paolo Lipari Vulcano 27 may 2006
PERSPECTIVES of HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY Paolo Lipari Vulcano 27 may 2006 High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics will CERTAINLY become an essential field in a New Multi-Messenger Astrophysics What is
More informationTeV Gamma Rays from Synchrotron X-ray X
TeV Gamma Rays from Synchrotron X-ray X SNR Kyoto University Department of Physics Toru Tanimori (CANGAROO Collaboration) Introduction TeV Gamma Ray emissions in celestial objects Results of CANGAROO The
More informationRecent Results from VERITAS
Recent Results from VERITAS Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada E-mail: hanna@physics.mcgill.ca VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) is an array of four
More informationDr. John Kelley Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen
arly impressive. An ultrahighoton triggers a cascade of particles mulation of the Auger array. The Many Mysteries of Cosmic Rays Dr. John Kelley Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen Questions What are cosmic
More informationMonte Carlo Simulation and System Layout
Monte Carlo Simulation and System Layout by K. Bernlöhr * 4 MPIK Heidelberg & HU Berlin *) with contributions by E. Carmona A word of warning No simulations of anything that would make a full CTA installation.
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph] 26 Apr 2007
Cosmic-Ray Events as Background in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes G. Maier, and J. Knapp Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A T8 School of Physics and Astronomy, University
More informationVERITAS: exploring the high energy Universe
VERITAS: exploring the high energy Universe K. Ragan McGill University Queen's - March '09 VERITAS 1 Outline Beyond the optical Very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astrophysics Ground-based observations Cherenkov
More informationObservations of Markarian 421 with VERITAS
Observations of Markarian 421 with VERITAS Kerianna Butler A senior capstone project submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
More informationAtmospheric Neutrinos and Neutrino Oscillations
FEATURE Principal Investigator Takaaki Kajita Research Area Experimental Physics Atmospheric Neutrinos and Neutrino Oscillations Introduction About a hundred years ago Victor Hess aboard a balloon measured
More informationOBSERVATIONS OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS FROM M87 BY VERITAS
OBSERVATIONS OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS FROM M87 BY VERITAS 1 Tülün Ergin (U. of Massachusetts Amherst, MA) on behalf of the VERITAS Collaboration (http://veritas.sao.arizona.edu) APOD, 2004 December
More informationFermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy
Fermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy Dave Thompson NASA GSFC On behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope Collaboration Neutrino Oscillation Workshop Otranto, Lecce, Italy
More informationCherenkov Telescopes for Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
Cherenkov Telescopes for Gamma-Ray Astrophysics W. Hofmann MPI für f Kernphysik, Heidelberg p e ν γ Cosmic sources of high-energy particles e Propagation Optically thick thick sources Interactions with
More informationCosmic Rays: A Way to Introduce Modern Physics Concepts. Steve Schnetzer
Cosmic Rays: A Way to Introduce Modern Physics Concepts Steve Schnetzer Rutgers CR Workshop May 19, 2007 Concepts Astrophysics Particle Physics Radiation Relativity (time dilation) Solar Physics Particle
More informationHigh energy cosmic gamma rays detectors
Seminar I b - 1. letnik, II.stopnja High energy cosmic gamma rays detectors Author:Urša Skerbiš Supervisor: prof. dr. Peter Križan Ljubljana, september 2014 Abstract Earth is constantly exposed to high
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.im] 13 Sep 2017 Julian Sitarek University of Łódź, PL Lodz, Poland
Studies of the nature of the low-energy, gamma-like background for Cherenkov Telescope Array arxiv:1709.04245v1 [astro-ph.im] 13 Sep 2017 E-mail: jsitarek@uni.lodz.pl Dorota Sobczyńska E-mail: dsobczynska@uni.lodz.pl
More informationCosmic Rays. Discovered in 1912 by Viktor Hess using electroscopes to measure ionization at altitudes via balloon
Cosmic Rays Discovered in 1912 by Viktor Hess using electroscopes to measure ionization at altitudes via balloon Nobel Prize in 1936 Origin of high energy cosmic rays is still not completely understood
More informationJohn Ellison University of California, Riverside. Quarknet 2008 at UCR
Cosmic Rays John Ellison University of California, Riverside Quarknet 2008 at UCR 1 What are Cosmic Rays? Particles accelerated in astrophysical sources incident on Earth s atmosphere Possible sources
More informationGamma-ray observations of blazars with the Whipple 10 m telescope
Gamma-ray observations of blazars with the Whipple 1 m telescope, presented on behalf of the VERITAS collaboration. E-mail: edward.collins.hughes@gmail.com This paper presents a status update of the current
More informationCherenkov Telescope Arrays
Cherenkov Telescope Arrays Michael Daniel University of Durham michael.daniel@durham.ac.uk Workshop on Stellar Intensity Interferometry 1 CONTENTS Introduction to Cherenkov telescopes Characteristics of
More informationNeutrino Astronomy. Ph 135 Scott Wilbur
Neutrino Astronomy Ph 135 Scott Wilbur Why do Astronomy with Neutrinos? Stars, active galactic nuclei, etc. are opaque to photons High energy photons are absorbed by the CMB beyond ~100 Mpc 10 20 ev protons,
More informationUltra- high energy cosmic rays
Ultra- high energy cosmic rays Tiina Suomijärvi Institut de Physique Nucléaire Université Paris Sud, Orsay, IN2P3/CNRS, France Atélier CTA, IAP, Paris, 30-31 June 2014 Outline Pierre Auger Observatory:
More informationSearch for the Sources of High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos with VERITAS
Search for the Sources of High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos with VERITAS Ava Ghadimi CUNY Baccalaureate for Unique and Interdisciplinary Studies New York, NY Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories REU
More informationVery-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy with VERITAS. Martin Schroedter Iowa State University
Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy with VERITAS Martin Schroedter Iowa State University Summary Very-high-energy astronomy began 20 years ago with 1 source. Now ~80 more VHE discoveries have been made
More informationThe Cherenkov Telescope Array. Kevin Meagher Georgia Institute of Technology
The Cherenkov Telescope Array Kevin Meagher Georgia Institute of Technology Outline VHE Gamma Ray Astronomy CTA Overview Science Goals for CTA Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope Extension 2 Gamma-ray Astronomy
More informationDISCOVERY OF LOCALIZED TEV GAMMA-RAY SOURCES AND DIFFUSE TEV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH MILAGRO USING A NEW BACKGROUND
DISCOVERY OF LOCALIZED TEV GAMMA-RAY SOURCES AND DIFFUSE TEV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH MILAGRO USING A NEW BACKGROUND REJECTION TECHNIQUE By Aous Abdo A DISSERTATION Submitted to
More informationCalibrating Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes with the LAT
Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope Calibrating Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes with the LAT S. W. Digel SLAC GLAST-for-Lunch, 21 April 2005 1 Outline IACTs vs. LAT Cross calibration Issues Advantages
More informationCherenkov Telescope Array (CTA-US)
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA-US) Stefan Funk, Hiro Tajima, Justin Vandenbroucke KIPAC September 14, 2010 DOE Site Visit: Sept 13-14, 2010 1 The imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) technique
More informationThe MAGIC gamma detector
The MAGIC gamma detector Alessandro De Angelis Trieste, 1 july 2003 1 Outline The observational scenario Techniques to detect cosmic gammas Imaging Cherenkov and MAGIC Physics goals The role of INFN Udine/Trieste
More informationDevelopment of a 3D-Imaging Calorimeter in LaBr 3 for Gamma-Ray Space Astronomy
Development of a 3D-Imaging Calorimeter in LaBr 3 for Gamma-Ray Space Astronomy Aleksandar GOSTOJIĆ CSNSM, Orsay, France 7 th New Developmeants In Photodetection, Tours, France, 2014 Introduction: Gamma-ray
More information