Mohammad Mohammadi, Hossein Nasiraghdam

Transcription

1 M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam Optmzaca oa čstca vtolktan zbog spuštana n-staklnčkh plnova na tžštu lktčn ng uzmauć u ISSN 0-65(Pnt, ISSN (Onln DOI: 07559/V PARILE SWARM OPIMIZAION OF WIND FARM DUE O NON-GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION UNDER POWER MARKE ONSIDERING UNERAINY OF WIND SPEED USING MONE ARLO MEHOD Mohammad Mohammad, Hossn Nasaghdam Ognal scntfc pap In ths study a mult-obctv fomulaton fo optmal szng and fnally optmal opaton of wnd fam n dstbuton systms fo mzng nt psnt woth of systm s analysd h poposd systm n ths study conssts of upstam ntwok 6 kv / 20 kv substaton as man gd and wnd tubns as DG to supply load In ths study, total nt psnt woth as obctv functon conssts of two pats ncludng nt psnt woth of dstbuton company (Dsco and of wnd fam own (W-own In od to obtan accuat sults, n ths study, th unctanty of wnd spd s consdd usng th Mont alo mthod h mplmntd tchnqu s basd on patcl swam optmzaton mthod (PSO and wghtng coffcnt mthod Smulaton sults on -bus dstbuton tst systm und pow makt opaton a psntd to show th ffctvnss of th poposd pocdu h consdd obctv functon s of hghly non-convx mann, and also has sval constants On th oth hand du to sgnfcant computatonal tm ducton and fast convgnc of PSO n compason wth oth ntllgnt optmzaton appoachs such as Gntc Algothm (GA and Atfcal B olony (AB th smpl vson of PSO has bn mplmntd Of cous oth vsons of PSO such as Adaptv PSO and combnaton of PSO wth oth mthods du to complxty of ths optmzaton poblm hav not bn consdd n ths sach Kywods: lctcty makt; Mont alo; patcl swam optmzaton; wnd fam Optmzaca oa čstca vtolktan zbog spuštana n-staklnčkh plnova na tžštu lktčn ng uzmauć u obz nsgunost bzn vta pmnm Mont alo mtod Izvon znanstvn članak U ovom s adu analza fomulaca s vš clva za optmalnu vlčnu konačno optmalno funkconan vtolktan u dstbucskm sustavma za postzan maksmaln nto sadašn vdnost sustava Sustav pdložn u ovom adu sasto s od mž supotnog toka stu, odnosno tafostanc 6 kv / 20 kv kao glavn mž vtotubna kao DG za napaan U ovom adu, ukupna nto sadašna vdnost kao funkca cla sasto s od dva dla, uklučuuć nto sadašnu vdnost dstbucsk kompan (Dsco vlasnka vtolktan (W-own U svhu dobvana točnh zultata, u ovom s adu nsgunost bzn vta azmata pmnom Mont alo mtod Pmnna s thnka zasnva na mtod optmzac oa čstca (PSO mtod tžnskog kofcnta Rzultat smulac na sustavu sptvana dstbuc ng na tžšt z sabnc dau s u svhu pokazvana učnkovtost pdložnog postupka Razmatana funkca cla kan n-konvksnog načna takođ ma nkolko ogančna S dug stan, zbog značanog smanna vmna začuna bž konvgnc PSO-a u uspodb s dugm ntlgntnm pstupma optmzac kao što su Gntc Algothm (GA and Atfcal B olony (AB, pmnna dnostavna vza PSOa Naavno, dug vz PSOa kao što su Adaptv PSO kombnaca PSO s dugm mtodama, zbog složnost tog poblma optmzac, nsu uzt u obz u ovom stažvanu Klučn č: Mont alo; optmzaca oa čstca; tžšt lktčnom ngom; vtolktana Intoducton h gnhous gas msson of lctc pow sctos aound th wold s about / of th total wold msson, ndcatng th sgnfcanc of lctc pow sctos n th global wamng ssu In cnt yas, clmat chang du to gnhous gas mssons has bcom a focus of ntnatonal oganzatons and govnmnts In od to duc gnhous gas mssons, th am has bn placd on fndng mo nvonmntally fndly altnatvs fo lctcty pow gnaton Rnwabl ngy tchnologs may nclud sola ngy, wnd, ful clls, mco-tubns, tc Du to advancs n wnd ngy tchnologs, wnd pow s cuntly consdd on of th most apdly ncasng soucs h s no doubt that th bnft of Ws s bgnnng to attact many utlts n th lctcty makt [] h a sval makt modls and tansactons to achv a compttv lctcty nvonmnt h basc modls basd on typs of tansactons a: pool modl, blatal contact modl and hybd makt modl A pool makt s a cntalzd makt plac that clas th makt fo th buys and slls Elctc pow slls/buys submt bds to th pool fo th valu of pow that thy ds to tad n th makt [, 2] In stuctud pow makt nvonmnt, und comptton and opn accss, th dffnt tansactons can tak plac among buys and slls dctly; ths tansactons a blatal, multlatal and ancllay svcs tansactons Rf [2] psnts th study of mthodology fo calculaton of th optmum sz of a Wnd systm h obctv functon consdd n ths pap s basd on costs h typs and szs of wnd tubn gnatos (WG, w calculatd basd on th mnmum cost of systm usng GA In [] Unt szng and cost analyss of stand-alon hybd wnd/pv/ful cll pow gnaton systms s psntd h Sz optmzaton of a PV/wnd hybd ngy convson systm wth batty stoag usng smulatd annalng s analysd n [4] In ths pap standalon mod s consdd and th unctanty of sola adaton and wnd spd s not consdd Economc analyss of standalon and gd connctd hybd ngy systms, s dscussd n [5] In ths study valuaton of utlzng sola and wnd ngy wth hydogn as stoag dvc to cov th lctcty dmand s nvstgatd h mthod of analysng n ths pap s bascally on costs of systm and smulatd usng Hom softwa Rf [6] studd th Mult-obctv dsgn of PV-wnd-dsl-hydognbatty systms In ths pap mnmzng, smultanously, th total cost thoughout th usful lf of th nstallaton, hnčk vsnk 22, (205,

2 Patcl swam optmzaton of wnd fam du to non-gnhous gas msson und pow makt consdng unctanty of wnd M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam pollutant mssons (O 2 and unmt load a consdd Optmal szng of hybd wnd/photovoltac/batty consdng th unctanty of wnd and photovoltac pow usng Mont alo hav bn studd n [7] In mntond sach, a mco-gd consstng of hybd wnd/photovoltac/batty n stand-alon mod basd on cost optmzaton has bn analysd h hybd modl combns sval fatus of th pvous two modls In hybd pow makt modl, a lot of tansactons a xpctd btwn buys and slls fo mo flxbl and conomc makt opaton hs tansactons nd to b valuatd ahad of th schdulng tm to chck th fasblty wth spct to systm opatng condtons Infasbl tansactons can alt th conomc schdul, caus congston and thatn systm scuty and stablty of th ntwok hfo th ssu of DG optmal szng n dgulatd lctcty makt modl nds to b addssd In ths pap, optmal szng of wnd tubns and batty n ntconnctd mod s dscbd wo man pow soucs, consdd n ths study fo covng dmand load of systm, a man gd and wnd tubns h obctv functon s mzng th total nt psnt woth (NPW of th actv pow gnaton systm sum of nt psnt of wnd tubns-owns and dstbuton company ov ts 0- ya lftm Wth usng Mont alo mthod unctanty of wnd pow gnaton s consdd Fo pobablstc analyss of wnd pow gnatons, 5 yas data of wnd spd a usd h data has bn usd as vy fou-hou stp Fo vy fou-hou data, th bst pobablty dnsty functon (PDF of wnd spd s dtmnd Fo a ya, month and day Wbull dstbuton s known as sutabl dstbuton fo wnd spd hs mans that on ya s spaatd to 290 sampls of wnd spd and ach fouhou sampl has 5 sampls of all 5 yas, so th tm stp s fou-hou Usng Mont alo and Patcl Swam Optmzaton (PSO, th bst szng of wnd tubns s dtmnd 2 Pow flow quatons and tchncal constants Pow flow quatons cospondng to both actv and actv pow balanc fo all th buss a xpssd by th followng quatons []: P = Q = Nb = Nb V V [ G cos ( δ δ + B sn ( δ δ ] ( = V V [ G sn ( δ δ B cos ( δ δ ] (2 h qualty constants a, as follows Actv and actv pow nctons at bus- a xpssd by th followng quatons: Q = Qg W + θ Q Q, ( d P = P + θ P ρ P (4 g W d wh, ρ ndcats th dmand vaaton facto It psnts th chang n th opatng pont of th systm Also θ s dcson vaabl wth valu {0, } In th psnc of W ths valu s qual to on and othws, t s zo hs constants a pow gnaton, voltag and angl lmts, xpssd by th followng quatons: P δ mn g mx V P P, (5 g g V δ δ, (6 V (7 Oth constans that must b consdd n ths optmzaton a pow flow dcton and th capacty of fds Pow flow dcton s fom upstam ntwok, 6/20 substaton to dstbuton systm So basd on ths constan, th answs obtand fom optmzaton pocdus that do not satsfy ths condton a lmnatd fom answs Also usng pow flow fo ach of optmzd answ th pow ln s calculatd and compad wth ths lmtaton hs constans a psntd by (8 Pfd P 0 PSub 6 / 20 Wnd tubns (Ws Wnd tubns hav bn mpovd n tchnology n cnt yas so that th ffcncy has bn ncasd fom 5 % up to 50 % It s notabl that wnd ngy s on of th most mpotant and pomsng soucs of nwabl ngy h man advantag of ths ngy souc s th absnc of hamful mssons and ts conomcal ffcncy h wnd tubn captus th wnd's kntc ngy n oto consstng of two o mo blads mchancally coupld to an lctcal gnato h tubn s mountd on tall tow to nhanc th ngy captu h output pow of wnd tubns s pdctd by usng th followng quaton: Pw = 0 Pw = a v Pw = P Pw = 0 b P v < vi vi < v < v v < v < v v > v O O hat th paamts a and b calculatd as: a = p b = v I / ( v v / ( v I vi (8 (9 (0 In ths quatons: P w s th masumnt pow at th tubn, P s th nomnal pow of tubn, V s th spd latd to nomnal pow, V s th spd of wnd, V I s th low cut spd and V O s th up cut spd Fg shows th output pow of wnd tubn vsus ts spd h tubn pow vsus wnd spd cuv fo Gnc 0 kw s plottd n Fg 2 80 chncal Gaztt 22, (205, 79-85

3 M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam Optmzaca oa čstca vtolktan zbog spuštana n-staklnčkh plnova na tžštu lktčn ng uzmauć u NPW = w NPW (5 Wth NPWDISO + W Own 0 w and 2 w = =, Fgu Gnaton chaactzaton of a wnd tubn wh w and w 2 a wghtng factos fo DISO (Dstbuton ompany and W owns spctvly NPW s th Nt Psnt Woth of th ovall systm It ncluds th nt psnt woth of DISO and Wnd tubn Own h Dsco povds th ncssay pow of customs fom th W and Utlty Gd In fact, th man pupos s mzng th nt psnt woth of W own and DISO In ths pap, PSO s usd fo th optmzaton pocdu In ths scton, all of th bnfts and costs of DISO and W owns a psntd 4 Incom of DISO Fgu 2 0 kw gnc wnd tubn pow gnaton cuv 4 Economc analyss of systm h nt psnt woth, (NPW s th dffnc btwn psnt woth of bnft, (PWB and psnt woth of cost (PW and xpssd, as follows: NPW = PWB PW ; DISO, WF ( = h annualzd cost s calculatd by multplyng th total ntal cost by th captal covy facto (RF and xpssd, as follows: = RF(, Rpo, (2 ann, tot nt wh, RF s gvn by th followng quaton: Rpo ( + RF (,Rpo =, ( Rpo ( + wh, R po s th poct lftm and s th annual ntst at and s latd to th nomnal ntst at by th followng quaton: f =, (4 + f wh f s th nflaton at and s th nomnal ntst at Accodng to th poposd stuctu fo dstbuton systm, ncludng W unts, th obctv functon s suggstd, as follows: Maxmz: h vnu of DISO s th amount of montay ncom cvd fom sllng lctcty to customs (load, as follows [2]: M P k,, sll k = = k,, sll R = ρ (6 DISO 42 osts of DISO h cost functon fo DISO can b dtmnd by th followng quaton []: = + + (7 DISO F S M&O Buy Wh th fst tm of (0 s th total cost of pang and upgadng th ntwok fds and xpssd by th followng quaton []: N M = = = σ (8 F h scond tm s th total cost of th mantnanc and opaton and pang of substatons xpssd as follows [4]: 8760 N U σ,u + β P,u (9 t= = u= N M S M&O =,u = u= h last tm s th total cost usd fo buyng lctcty fom man gd, wnd tubn own n od to supply th local load, and t s xpssd by th followng quaton [2]: Buy = k =, buy k, buy P k ρ + P ρ (20 k =, W k, buy, W k, buy It s notabl that σ,u and σ, a dcson vaabls fo th hnčk vsnk 22, (205,

4 Patcl swam optmzaton of wnd fam du to non-gnhous gas msson und pow makt consdng unctanty of wnd M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam pa It s qual to on n cas of pa, othws t s zo nput Dtmnstc calculaton on th data 4 Incom of wnd tubn own h vnu of wnd tubn own s th amount of th montay ncom cvd fom sllng lctcty to DISO on pak It s xpssd by th followng quaton [2]: NDG, W P k,, sll k = =, W k, sll R = ρ (2 W 44 osts of wnd tubn own h cost functon fo wnd tubn own can b calculatd by th followng quaton [4]: = + (22 W &m P(W h fst tm s th pa and mantnanc cost and xpssd by th followng quaton [4]: Fgu h algothm of psntd M &m &m DG, = = = 8760 β ( pf S (2 h scond tm s th poducton cost It s consdd as a quadatc functon of poducd pow, as follows [5]: NW W, = =, (24 P(W Wh W, psnts th gnaton cost of wnd tubns and t s dtmnd as follows [6]: = a + b P (25 W, W, 5 Poposd mthod In ths sach, th numbs of wnd tubn and batty a obtand and optmzd fo supplyng th load Maxmzaton of Nt Psnt Woth s consdd as obctv functon and satsfs dfnd pool makt ndcs as constan Unctanty n pow output of wnd tubn s also consdd h algothm of psntd mthod s psntd n Fg 5 Mont alo mthod Mont alo mthod s a st of computatonal algothms basd on patd andom samplng to subtact th sults h Mont alo mthod s a boadly usd appaatus n vaous couss, countng ngnng, fnanc, bology, comput gaphcs, physcs, chmsty, opatons sach and managmnt scnc [7] Mont alo appoach woks as a pattn dscbd as follows: Dtmnaton th bounday of data 2 Data gnaton fom pobablty dstbuton of Fgu 4 h algothm of fndng th sutabl and bst dstbuton fo ach tm stp wnd spd 52 Bst dstbuton of wnd spd In od to clafy th bst pobablty dnsty functons (PDF of wnd spd, 5 yas data a usd h data has bn usd as vy fou-hou pod hs mans that on ya s spaatd to 290 sampls of wnd spd and ach fou-hou sampl has 5 sampls of all 5 yas, so th tm stp s fou-hou h pupos s gttng th PDF modl fo vy fou-hou of sola adaton In od to comput th PDF fo wnd spd, vaous 82 chncal Gaztt 22, (205, 79-85

5 M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam Optmzaca oa čstca vtolktan zbog spuštana n-staklnčkh plnova na tžštu lktčn ng uzmauć u psntatons of wnd spd fo a ya, month and day a nvstgatd Fo a ya, month and day Wbull dstbuton s known as sutabl dstbuton fo wnd spd In ths sach, a dstbuton styl fo vy tm stp wnd spd data s consdd, that fo ach tm stp th paamts of dstbuton a dffnt fom oth hous h algothm of gttng th most sutabl dstbuton fo ach tm stp wnd spd s shown n Fg 4 In ths pap, PSO s consdd as optmzaton algothm h pow makt consdd n ths sach s shown n Fg 5 In ths makt, mult patcpants ncludng ( UP gd=sub 6/20, (2 Wnd Fam as DG, ( Dstbuton company (DISO a consdd In ths study th wnd spd vaaton s consdd as psntd n Fg 6 In od to consd th unctanty of wnd spd basd on poposd mthod th hstogam of pow gnatd fom a wnd tubn fo a tm stp of a ya s shown n Fg 7 Optmzaton algothm un and th vaabls a updatd n ach tm stp 5 PSO-basd optmzaton mthod In a PSO systm, Bds (patcls flockng optmzs a ctan obctv functon Each patcl knows ts cunt optmal poston (pbst, whch s an analogy of psonal xpncs of ach patcl Each patcl also knows th cunt global optmal poston (gbst among all patcls n th populaton hough spcfc quatons, ach patcl adusts ts poston and dtmns th sach dcton accodng to ts sach mmoy and thos of oths [8] Usng th PSO, th vlocty can b psntd und Eq (27 n th PSO algothm Usng Eq (26, a ctan vlocty can b calculatd as th poston of ndvduals gadually movs clos to pbst and gbst h cunt poston can b modfd by: Fgu 6 Wnd spd vaaton vsus numb of hous v +,d v,d + c and(0, ( Xbst,d X = K + c2 and(0, ( Gbst x,d +,d = X,d V,d X +,d, (26 (27 Wh 2 K =, c = c + c2 > 4, ( c c 4c Fgu 7 Hstogam of a tm stp wnd tubn pow output c, c 2 s th acclaton constant, n ths pap, c =c 2 =4,05 6 Smulaton sults In ths pap, wnd tubn and batty a consdd fo supplyng th load Pool-basd pow makt s consdd as constants quaton n optmzaton pocdu n nt psnt valu of total systm ncludng dstbuton company and wnd tubn own Fgu 5 Makt patcpants und pow makt nvonmnt On of th convntonal mthods of solvng ths poblm s lambda-taton mthod but owng to tdous calculatons and ts nablty to solv mult-modal and dscontnuous poblms, novl tchnqus hav placd t h optmal cost of poblm was found out to b 2585 $ usng lambda taton mthod, whl as shown n tabl 6 th optmal cost s calculatd as 289 $ and 2526 $ usng GA and PSO spctvly As lstd n ab 6, th PSO sult fo optmzng th total cost s clos to sult of lambda taton mthod As shown n ab, a total of 80, 50 tatons spctvly w qud to convg to th optmal soluton fo th poblm usng GA and PSO spctvly h fnal computatonal tm has bn obtand by avagng th tms fo 000 uns h tst sults show that PSO algothm convgs to optmal cost wth ducd computatonal tm whn compad to GA In ab 2, th compason of fou mntond optmzaton appoachs fo passv flt dsgn poblm fom pont of vws accuacy, computatonal tm and hnčk vsnk 22, (205,

6 Patcl swam optmzaton of wnd fam du to non-gnhous gas msson und pow makt consdng unctanty of wnd M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam convgncy spd a analysd abl ompason of tatons and computatonal tm Mthod Optmal cost ($ Itatons omputatonal tm (ms GA PSO abl 2 Evaluaton of fou optmzaton appoachs Mthod Accuacy onvgncy omputatonal spd tm GA Good Md Md PSO Good Good Md ab 2 shows that th PSO wth 2 Good and Md sco n compason wth GA wth Good and 2 Md sco s th most sutabl mthod to sach th optmum soluton hfo th analyss of systm wth buss has bn addssd usng PSO mthod h PSO paamts usd fo ths study a lstd n ab abl h PSO paamts usd fo ths study Indcs Paamt valu Num of patcls (d 500, 2 5 W, W mn 9,5 No of taton 500 mn V qd, V qd 0, 5qd, 6 q d Fo wnd tubns soucs unts, fo sllng pow to Dsco, two pcs a consdd n off-pak and pak pods hs pods a lstd n ab4 abl 4 Dffnt pods fo ach ngy soucs unts n wnd fam yp MG (mn MG (mn MG ( off-pak on-pak fo all tms Pc ($/kw h 0,06 0,065 0,2 Also, th dmand pow s consdd accodng to dffnt pattn loads as gvn n ab5 abl 5 Dffnt pattn load Load pofl Low Mdum Pak Hgh Pak Dmandd pow (kw Load duaton Fgu 8 onvgnc of PSO algothm h convgnc of PSO vsus GA algothm s shown n Fg 8 and th bst combnaton of wnd tubn and batty unts wth optmzd nt psnt woth a lstd n abs 6 and 7 abl 6 Optmal pcs fo W Own and DISO und pool lctcty makt as NPW_W NPW_DISO NPW_otal Unfom pcng 29$ 28526$ 020$ Pay as bd pcng 465$ $ 0609$ abl 7 Optmal numb fo W unts and batty und pool lctcty makt as ost W num Batt num Unfom pcng Pay as bd pcng Opaton of wnd tubns und vaous statgs of pool makt polcs, gvs optmal pcs fo sllng pow to Dsco wth optmal xchang pow btwn Wnd ubns Owns and Dsco, as wll as btwn Upstam Ntwok (6/20 substaton and Dsco h smulaton sults of optmal pow and pc xchangd btwn upstam ntwok, wnd fams and Dsco dung pak and off-pak wth consdng wnd spd unctanty a lstd n ab 8 abl 8 Optmal xchangd pows and pcs fo wnd fam dung pak and off-pak as PW(kW PW(kW W($/kW h W($/kW h on-pak off-pak on-pak off-pak Unfom pcng ,066 0,059 Pay as bd pcng ,065 0,062 7 oncluson hs pap psnts a mult-obctv functon n psnc of tchncal, conomcal and pow makt constants fo optmal opaton of wnd tubns n dstbuton systms n od to mz total nt psnt woth of systm wo basc pow soucs, consdd n ths study fo covng dmand pow, a upstam ntwok 6 kv / 20 kv substaton and dstbutd gnatons fom knd of wnd tubns h obctv functon conssts of nt psnt woth of dstbuton company (Dsco and nt psnt woth of wnd tubns owns (W-Own In ths pap th Mont alo tchnqu s usd fo consdng unctanty of wnd spd h mplmntd tchnqu ls on PSO and wght coffcnt mthod (WM Smulaton sults on -bus dstbuton tst systm und pool pow makt opaton a psntd to show th ffctvnss of th poposd appoach In od to clafy th bst pobablty dnsty functons (PDF of wnd spd, 5 yas data a usd h data hav bn usd as vy fou-hou pod hs mans that on ya s spaatd to 290 sampls of wnd spd and ach fou-hou sampl has 5 sampls of all 5 yas, so th tm stp s fou-hou h pupos s gttng th PDF modl fo vy fou-hou of wnd spd In od to comput th PDF fo wnd spd, vaous psntatons of wnd spd fo a ya, month and day a nvstgatd Fo a ya, month and day Wbull dstbuton s known as sutabl dstbuton fo wnd spd In ths sach, a dstbuton styl fo vy tm stp wnd spd data s consdd, that fo ach tm stp 84 chncal Gaztt 22, (205, 79-85

7 M Mohammad, H Nasaghdam Optmzaca oa čstca vtolktan zbog spuštana n-staklnčkh plnova na tžštu lktčn ng uzmauć u th paamts of dstbuton a dffnt fom oth hous 8 Rfncs [] Stack, F; uvo, P Intgatd pool/blatal/sv makt opaton und pay-as-bd pcng // Pocdng of th 5 th Intnatonal onfnc on th Euopan Elctcty Makt 2, 4(2008, pp -8 [2] Bnatallah, A; Kad, L; Dakyo, B Modlng and Optmzaton of Wnd Engy Systms // Jodan Jounal of Mchancal and Industal Engnng 4, (200 [] Nlson, D B; Nh, M H; Wang, Unt szng and cost analyss of stand-alon hybd wnd/pv/ful cll pow gnaton systms // Rnwabl Engy, (2006, pp [4] Ekna, O; Ekn, B Y Sz optmzaton of a PV/wnd hybd ngy convson systm wth batty stoag usng smulatd annalng // Appld Engy 87, (200, pp [5] ükay, B E; ll, A Y Economc analyss of standalon and gd connctd hybd ngy systms // Rnwabl Engy 6, (20, pp 9-94 [6] Dufo-Lopz, R; Bnal-Agustn, J L Mult-obctv dsgn of PV wnd dsl hydogn batty systms // Rnwabl Engy, (2008, pp [7] Skouldas, ; Vounas, D; Papavasslopoulos, G P An Adaptv Gam fo Pay-as-Bd and Unfom Pcng pow Pools ompason // d Mdtanan onfnc and Exhbton on Pow Gnaton, ansmsson, Dstbutons and Engy onvson, MED Pow 2002, Athns Gc, Novmb 4-6, 2002 [8] ny, S; Schatzk, ; Muk, R Unfom-Pcng vsus Pay-as-Bd n Wholsal Elctcty Makts: Dos t mak a dffnc? Nw Yok ISO, Mach 2008 [9] Kocka, I; Fanco, P ; Galana, F D Pay as Bd Pcng n ombnd Pool / Blatal Elctcty Makts // 4 d PS, Svlla, Jun 2002 [0] Kuma, A; Gao, W Optmal dstbutd gnaton locaton usng mxd ntg non-lna pogammng n hybd lctcty makts // IE Gn ansm Dstb 4, 2(200, pp [] Baghan, A; afsh, S M M A dvlopd ngy managmnt systm fo a mcogd n th compltv lctcty makt // IEEE Buchast Pow ach onfnc, Bchast, Romana, Jun 28 th - July 2 nd, 2009, pp -6 [2] handamohan, S; Attuulu, Nash; Kumudn Dv, R P; Vnkatsh, B Opatng cost mnmzaton of a adal dstbuton systm n a dgulatd lctcty makt though -confguaton usng NSGA mthod // Int J Elct Pow Engy Syst 2, (200, pp 26-2 [] Mantway, A H; Al-Muhan, Md M Mult-Obctv BPSO algothm fo dstbuton systm xpanson plannng ncludng dstbutd gnaton // ansmsson and Dstbuton onfnc and Exposton, IEEE/PES, hcago, IL, 2-24 Apl, 2008, pp -8 [4] Mohamd, F A; Kovo, H N Systm modllng and onln optmal managmnt of Mco-Gd usng Msh Adaptv Dct Sach // Intnatonal Jounal of Elctcal Pow & Engy Systms 2, 5(200, pp [5] Nknama, ; Kavousfada, A; abataba, S; Agha, J Optmal opaton managmnt of ful cll/wnd/ photovoltac pow soucs connctd to dstbuton ntwoks // Jounal of Pow Soucs 96, (20, pp [6] Bllnton, R; Allan, R N Rlablty Evaluaton of Pow Systms, Scond Edton, Aug, 996 [7] Angln, P Usng slcton to mpov patcl swam optmzaton // Pocdng of IEEE ntnatonal confnc on volutonay computaton (IE, Anchoag, May, 998 [8] Yoshda, H; Kawata, K; Fukuyama, Y; akayama, S; Nakansh, Y A patcls swam Optmzaton fo actv pow and voltag contol consdng voltag scuty assssmnt // IEEE ans Pow Syst 5, 4(2000, pp Nomnclatu P, Q Pg, P, Qg W QW P, d Q d Pk, sl l ρ k, sll M N U σ,u σ,,,u P,u P k, buy ρ k, buy, WF P k, buy, WF ρ k, buy β pf, WF P k, sll, WF ρ k, sll P WF Nt pow nctd at ach buss of systm Pow nctd at ach bus fom sub 6/20 Actv and actv pow nctd at ach bus fom wnd fam Dmand actv and actv pow at ach buss of systm Amount of lctcty buyng fom man gd at ya k Pc of lctcty buyng fom man gd at ya k otal numb of systm load buss otal numb of systm buss otal numb of substaton tansfoms n dstbuton systm ansfom u n substaton dcson vaabl fo pa Fd to bnay dcson vaabl fo pa otal pa and mantnanc cost of fd to ($/km otal pa and mantnanc cost of tansfom u n substaton Elctcty makt pc (S/kW h ansfom u n substaton I dspatchd pow (kw Amount of lctcty buyng fom man gd at ya k Pcng of lctcty buyng fom man gd at ya k Amount of lctcty buyng fom WF at ya k Pcng of lctcty buyng fom WF at ya k Psnt woth facto Lftm of poct Systm pow facto Amount of lctcty sllng of WF to DISO at ntval k Pcng of lctcty sllng of WF to DISO at ntval k Pow of wnd fam Authos addsss M Mohammad Dpatmnt of Elctcal Engnng, Boud Banch, Islamc Azad Unvsty, Boud, Ian E-mal: mohamadm@aubac H Nasaghdam Dpatmnt of Elctcal Engnng, Aha Banch, Islamc Azad Unvsty, Aha, Ian E-mal: hnasaghdam@au-ahaac hnčk vsnk 22, (205,